Condyloid joint
Encyclopedia
In a condyloid joint an ovoid articular
surface, or condyle, is received into an elliptical cavity. This permits movement in two planes, allowing flexion
, extension
, adduction
, abduction
, and circumduction
.
Articular
The articular bone is part of the lower jaw of most tetrapods, including amphibians, sauropsids and early synapsids. In these animals it is connected to two other lower jaw bones, the suprangular and the angular...
surface, or condyle, is received into an elliptical cavity. This permits movement in two planes, allowing flexion
Flexion
In anatomy, flexion is a position that is made possible by the joint angle decreasing. The skeletal and muscular systems work together to move the joint into a "flexed" position. For example the elbow is flexed when the hand is brought closer to the shoulder...
, extension
Extension (kinesiology)
In kinesiology, extension is a movement of a joint that results in increased angle between two bones or body surfaces at a joint. Extension usually results in straightening of the bones or body surfaces involved. For example, extension is produced by extending the flexed elbow. Straightening of...
, adduction
Adduction
Adduction is a movement which brings a part of the anatomy closer to the middle sagittal plane of the body. It is opposed to abduction.-Upper limb:* of arm at shoulder ** Subscapularis** Teres major** Pectoralis major** Infraspinatus...
, abduction
Abduction (kinesiology)
Abduction, in functional anatomy, is a movement which draws a limb away from the median plane of the body. It is thus opposed to adduction.-Upper limb:* of arm at shoulder ** Supraspinatus** Deltoid* of hand at wrist...
, and circumduction
Circumduction (anatomy)
In anatomy, circumduction means to move a limb in a circular manner.Circumduction is defined as the movement pattern which is a combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction. It occurs at synovial joints where a circle can be described by the body part...
.
Examples
Examples include:- the wrist-joint
- metacarpophalangeal jointMetacarpophalangeal jointThe metacarpophalangeal joints are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metacarpal bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the first phalanges, with the exception of that of the thumb, which presents more of the characters of a ginglymoid joint...
s - metatarsophalangeal joints