A compact is cosmetic

Cosmetics

Cosmetics are substances used to enhance the appearance or odor of the human body. Cosmetics include skin-care creams, lotions, powders, perfumes, lipsticks, fingernail and toe nail polish, eye and facial makeup, towelettes, permanent waves, colored contact lenses, hair colors, hair sprays and...

 product. It is usually contained in a small, round case, with two or all of the following: a mirror

Mirror

A mirror is an object that reflects light or sound in a way that preserves much of its original quality prior to its contact with the mirror. Some mirrors also filter out some wavelengths, while preserving other wavelengths in the reflection...

, pressed powder

Face powder

Face powder is a cosmetic powder applied to the face to set a foundation after application. It can also be reapplied throughout the day to minimize shininess caused by oily skin. There is translucent sheer powder, and there is pigmented powder. Certain types of pigmented facial powders are meant...

, and a powder puff

Powder puff

Powder puffs are pieces of soft material used for the application of face powder. They may be shaped as balls or pads.Historically, powder puffs have been made of very fine down feathers, cotton, fine fleece, etc...

. The term is an abbreviation for "compact powder". Eventually the more elaborate compact, the 'vanity case' became popular as it had more compartments for more makeup items.

Compacts prior to the 1960s are vintage and are very desirable as a collector's item. Made of many different materials and often depicting the era of when it was made. ie: Art Deco