Cephalanthera

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Cephalanthera

Cephalanthera (Ce-pha-lan-thé-ra
Syllable stress of Botanical Latin

Syllable stress of botanical names varies with the language spoken by the person using the botanical name. In English-speaking countries the Botanical Latin places syllable stress for botanical names derived from ancient Greek and Latin broadly according to two systems, either the Reformed academic pronunciation, or the pronunciation develop...
), abbreviated Ceph in horticultural trade, is a genus of mostly terrestrial orchids. Members of this genus have rhizome

Rhizome

In botany, a rhizome is a characteristically horizontal plant stem of a plant that is usually found underground, often sending out roots and shoots from its nodes....
s rather than tuber

Tuber

Tubers are various types of modified plant structures that are enlarged to store nutrients. They are used by plants to overwinter and regrow the next year and as a means of asexual reproduction....
s. About 15 species are currently recognised, several of them common in Europe

Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
, for example the Sword-leaved Helleborine

Sword-leaved Helleborine

The Sword-leaved Helleborine, Cephalanthera longifolia, is a terrestrial orchid found in much of western and southern Europe. It is common in some parts of its range, such as southern France and Spain, but endangered particularly in northern areas such as Belgium....
C. longifolia. Most others are native to Asia

Asia

Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area and, with over 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population....
, ranging from the Caucasus

Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucas is a geopolitical region located between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. It is home to Europe's highest mountain ....
, e.g. C. caucasica, to Japan

Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
, e.g. the Bamboo-leaved Silver Orchid C.

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Cephalanthera (Ce-pha-lan-thé-ra
Syllable stress of Botanical Latin

Syllable stress of botanical names varies with the language spoken by the person using the botanical name. In English-speaking countries the Botanical Latin places syllable stress for botanical names derived from ancient Greek and Latin broadly according to two systems, either the Reformed academic pronunciation, or the pronunciation develop...
), abbreviated Ceph in horticultural trade, is a genus of mostly terrestrial orchids. Members of this genus have rhizome
Rhizome

In botany, a rhizome is a characteristically horizontal plant stem of a plant that is usually found underground, often sending out roots and shoots from its nodes....
s rather than tuber
Tuber

Tubers are various types of modified plant structures that are enlarged to store nutrients. They are used by plants to overwinter and regrow the next year and as a means of asexual reproduction....
s. About 15 species are currently recognised, several of them common in Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
, for example the Sword-leaved Helleborine
Sword-leaved Helleborine

The Sword-leaved Helleborine, Cephalanthera longifolia, is a terrestrial orchid found in much of western and southern Europe. It is common in some parts of its range, such as southern France and Spain, but endangered particularly in northern areas such as Belgium....
C. longifolia. Most others are native to Asia
Asia

Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area and, with over 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population....
, ranging from the Caucasus
Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucas is a geopolitical region located between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. It is home to Europe's highest mountain ....
, e.g. C. caucasica, to Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
, e.g. the Bamboo-leaved Silver Orchid C. longibracteata. The Chinese
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
species C. gracilis was only described in 2002. The only species found in North America
North America

North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost totally in the western hemisphere....
is the Phantom Orchid or Snow Orchid C. austiniae. Ecologically, this species is partially myco-heterotrophic. Some of the Eurasian species hybridise.

Several of the European species have common names including the word "helleborine
Helleborine

Helleborine is the common name for a number of species of orchid. It does not correspond to any currently used taxonomic category. Some of the plants called helleborines are classified in the genus Epipactis, some in genus Cephalanthera....
", but this name does not correspond to any modern taxon, and orchids in other genera are also called helleborines. In addition to those listed here, very large numbers of other specific names will be found in the older literature, but these are almost all synonyms for the best known species such as C. longifolia or C. damasonium, the European White Helleborine.

Species include:

Cephalanthera austiniae (A.Gry) Heller
Cephalanthera bijiangensis Chen
Cephalanthera calcarata Chen & Lang
Cephalanthera caucasica Krzl.
Cephalanthera culcullata Boiss. & Heldr.
Cephalanthera damasonium (type species)
Cephalanthera epipactoides Fischer & C. A. Meyer
Cephalanthera falcata
Cephalanthera gracilis
Cephalanthera kotschyana Renz & Taub.
Cephalanthera kurdica Bornm.
Cephalanthera longibracteata
Cephalanthera longifolia
Sword-leaved Helleborine

The Sword-leaved Helleborine, Cephalanthera longifolia, is a terrestrial orchid found in much of western and southern Europe. It is common in some parts of its range, such as southern France and Spain, but endangered particularly in northern areas such as Belgium....
(L.) Fritsch
Cephalanthera rubra
Red Helleborine

Red Helleborine is a plant in the orchid family. It is around 20-50cm high. It blooms between May and July....
(L.) Rich.
Cephalanthera schaberi Baum.

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