Caspase-9
Encyclopedia
Caspase-9 is an initiator caspase
, encoded by the CASP9 gene.
CASP9 orthologs have been identified in all mammals for which complete genome data are available. Unique orthologs are also present in lizards, lissamphibians, and teleosts.
The aspartic acid
specific protease
caspase-9 has been linked to the mitochondrial death pathway. It is activated during programmed cell death (apoptosis
). Induction of stress signaling pathways JNK/SAPK causes release of cytochrome c
from mitochondria and activation of apaf-1 (apoptosome
), which in turn cleaves the pro-enzyme of caspase-9 into the active form.
Once initiated caspase-9 goes on to cleave procaspase-3 & procaspase-7, which cleave several cellular targets, including poly ADP ribose polymerase
.
with NLRP1
, XIAP
, Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3
, BIRC2
, APAF1
and Caspase 8
.
Caspase
Caspases, or cysteine-aspartic proteases or cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed proteases are a family of cysteine proteases that play essential roles in apoptosis , necrosis, and inflammation....
, encoded by the CASP9 gene.
CASP9 orthologs have been identified in all mammals for which complete genome data are available. Unique orthologs are also present in lizards, lissamphibians, and teleosts.
The aspartic acid
Aspartic acid
Aspartic acid is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HOOCCHCH2COOH. The carboxylate anion, salt, or ester of aspartic acid is known as aspartate. The L-isomer of aspartate is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins...
specific protease
Protease
A protease is any enzyme that conducts proteolysis, that is, begins protein catabolism by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds that link amino acids together in the polypeptide chain forming the protein....
caspase-9 has been linked to the mitochondrial death pathway. It is activated during programmed cell death (apoptosis
Apoptosis
Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death that may occur in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes and death. These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and chromosomal DNA fragmentation...
). Induction of stress signaling pathways JNK/SAPK causes release of cytochrome c
Cytochrome c
The Cytochrome complex, or cyt c is a small heme protein found loosely associated with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. It belongs to the cytochrome c family of proteins. Cytochrome c is a highly soluble protein, unlike other cytochromes, with a solubility of about 100 g/L and is an...
from mitochondria and activation of apaf-1 (apoptosome
Apoptosome
The apoptosome is a large quaternary protein structure formed in the process of apoptosis. Its formation is triggered by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in response to an internal or external cell death stimulus...
), which in turn cleaves the pro-enzyme of caspase-9 into the active form.
Once initiated caspase-9 goes on to cleave procaspase-3 & procaspase-7, which cleave several cellular targets, including poly ADP ribose polymerase
Poly ADP ribose polymerase
Poly polymerase is a family of proteins involved in a number of cellular processes involving mainly DNA repair and programmed cell death.-Members of PARP family:The PARP family comprises 17 members...
.
Interactions
Caspase-9 has been shown to interactProtein-protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...
with NLRP1
NLRP1
NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NLRP1 gene.-Interactions:NLRP1 has been shown to interact with caspase 9 and APAF1.-Further reading:...
, XIAP
XIAP
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein also known as inhibitor of apoptosis protein 3 and baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the XIAP gene....
, Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BIRC3 gene.-Interactions:...
, BIRC2
BIRC2
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BIRC2 gene.-Interactions:...
, APAF1
APAF1
Apoptotic protease activating factor 1, also known as APAF1, is a human homolog of C. elegans CED-4 gene. APAF-1 and CED-4 homologs have been found in all currently sequenced animal genomes.-Function:...
and Caspase 8
Caspase 8
Caspase 8 is a caspase protein, encoded by the CASP8 gene. It most likely acts upon caspase 3.CASP8 orthologs have been identified in numerous mammals for which complete genome data are available...
.
External links
- The MEROPSMeropsMerops may refer to:* Merops , a genus of bee-eaters.* MEROPS, an on-line database for peptidases.It may also refer to several figures from Greek mythology:* King of Ethiopia, husband of Clymene, who lay with Helios and bore Phaethon...
online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: C14.010