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Cap carbonates are layers of distinctively textured carbonate
Carbonate

In chemistry, a carbonate is a salt or ester of carbonic acid....
 rock
Rock (geology)

In geology, rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids.The Earth's outer solid layer, the lithosphere, is made of rock....
s which typically form the uppermost layer of sedimentary sequences reflecting major glaciations in the geological record.

The rising temperatures, and increased oceanic surface area - due to reduced ice cover and rising sea levels - at the end of a glaciation increase the rate of precipitation
Precipitation (meteorology)

File:MeanMonthlyP.gifIn meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of Atmosphere water vapor that is deposited on the earth's surface....
.

High concentrations of greenhouse gas
Greenhouse gas

Greenhouse gases are gases in an atmosphere that Absorption and Emission radiation within the Infrared#Different regions in the infrared range....
ses such as carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalent bond to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state....
 (CO2) must build up in the atmosphere to overcome the effect of the high reflectivity (albedo
Albedo

The albedo of an object is the extent to which it diffusely reflects light from the Sun. It is therefore a more specific form of the term reflectivity....
) of ice and allow temperatures to rise sufficiently to begin melting.

Increased precipitation dissolves carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, falling as a weak carbonic acid
Carbonic acid

Carbonic acid has the Molecular formula H2CO3. It is also a name sometimes given to solutions of carbon dioxide in water , which contain small amounts of H2CO3....
 - acid rain
Acid rain

Acid rain is rain or any other form of Precipitation that is unusually acidic. It has harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure....
.

This would weather exposed silicate
Silicate

A silicate is a compound containing an anion in which one or more central silicon atoms are surrounded by electronegative ligands. This definition is broad enough to include species such as hexafluorosilicate , [SiF6]2-, but the silicate species that are encountered most often consist of silicon with oxygen as the ligand...
 and carbonate rock, including readily-attacked glacial debris, which would releasing large amounts of calcium.






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Cap carbonates are layers of distinctively textured carbonate
Carbonate

In chemistry, a carbonate is a salt or ester of carbonic acid....
 rock
Rock (geology)

In geology, rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids.The Earth's outer solid layer, the lithosphere, is made of rock....
s which typically form the uppermost layer of sedimentary sequences reflecting major glaciations in the geological record.

The rising temperatures, and increased oceanic surface area - due to reduced ice cover and rising sea levels - at the end of a glaciation increase the rate of precipitation
Precipitation (meteorology)

File:MeanMonthlyP.gifIn meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of Atmosphere water vapor that is deposited on the earth's surface....
.

High concentrations of greenhouse gas
Greenhouse gas

Greenhouse gases are gases in an atmosphere that Absorption and Emission radiation within the Infrared#Different regions in the infrared range....
ses such as carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalent bond to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state....
 (CO2) must build up in the atmosphere to overcome the effect of the high reflectivity (albedo
Albedo

The albedo of an object is the extent to which it diffusely reflects light from the Sun. It is therefore a more specific form of the term reflectivity....
) of ice and allow temperatures to rise sufficiently to begin melting.

Increased precipitation dissolves carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, falling as a weak carbonic acid
Carbonic acid

Carbonic acid has the Molecular formula H2CO3. It is also a name sometimes given to solutions of carbon dioxide in water , which contain small amounts of H2CO3....
 - acid rain
Acid rain

Acid rain is rain or any other form of Precipitation that is unusually acidic. It has harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure....
.

This would weather exposed silicate
Silicate

A silicate is a compound containing an anion in which one or more central silicon atoms are surrounded by electronegative ligands. This definition is broad enough to include species such as hexafluorosilicate , [SiF6]2-, but the silicate species that are encountered most often consist of silicon with oxygen as the ligand...
 and carbonate rock, including readily-attacked glacial debris, which would releasing large amounts of calcium. When washed into the ocean, these precipitate
Precipitation (chemistry)

Precipitation is the formation of a solid in a solution during a chemical reaction. When the reaction occurs, the solid formed is called the precipitate, and the liquid remaining above the solid is called the supernate....
 to form distinctively textured layers of carbonate sedimentary rock
Sedimentary rock

Sedimentary rock is one of the three main Rock types . Sedimentary rock is formed by deposition and consolidation of mineral and organic material and from precipitation of minerals from solution....
.

A heavily debated cap carbonate appears at the top of the Gaskiers Glaciation, believed by many to be global in extent
Snowball Earth

Snowball Earth refers to hypotheses regarding paleoclimate global-scale glaciation, claiming that the Earth's surface was nearly or entirely frozen at some points in its past....
.

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