Bridge to Russky Island
Encyclopedia
The Bridge to Russky Island
is scheduled to be built across the Eastern Bosphorus
strait, to serve the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
summit due to take place in Vladivostok
in 2012. The bridge will connect the mainland part of the city (Nazimov peninsula) with Russky Island, where the main activities of the summit are to take place.
The bridge will also have the highest pylons
and the longest cable stays.
The design of the bridge crossing has been determined on the basis of two primary factors:
will be driven as deep as 77 m below ground, and on the island side the 120 auger piles will be piled under each of the two 320-m high bridge towers.
The pylons will be concreted using custom self-climbing forms in pours of 4.5 m. A crane
will be used on the first three pours, afterwards the formwork will start unaided moving through the hydraulic motion of modular elements.
The pylons will be A-shaped, therefore, the use of standard forms will not be feasible. An individual set of forms has been arranged for each bridge tower.
Transition between section types will be carried out at summer levels at the elevations of 66.26 m and 191.48 m.
The use of self-climbing forms will make it possible to achieve better quality and decrease the time of construction of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete structures by half as much again.
Cable stays anchorage zone starts at the elevation
of 197.5 m. The installation of cable stay pairs and casting of bridge tower bodies will be carried out simultaneously, dramatically reducing the construction period.
Welded field connections are used for longitudinal and transversal joints of the cap sheet of the orthotropic plate and lower ribbed plate. For joints of vertical walls of the blocks, longitudinal ribs, transversal beams and diaphragms, field connections are used provided by means of high-strength bolts
Large-sized prefabricated sections for installation of the central span will be delivered by barges to the erection site and hoisted by a crane to a 76-m height. Here, the elements will be abutted and cable stays will be attached to them.
PSS cable stays consist of parallel strands of 15.7 mm diameter; every strand consists of 7 galvanized wires. Cable stays incorporate from 13 to 79 strands. The length of the shortest cable stay will be 135.771 m, the longest – 579.83 m. The protective housings of the cable stays will be made from HDPE and will have the following features:
UV
resistance; resistance to local climate conditions of Vladivostok (temperature range from minus 40°C to plus 40°C) and environmental aggressiveness.
Construction of the bridge to Russky Island will be completed in Quarter II, 2012. Though being unique in its main parameters, the bridge will be constructed in record-breaking time of 43 months.
Russky Island
Russky Island is a Russian island off Vladivostok, in the Peter the Great Gulf, Sea of Japan. It is located about 9,334 kilometres east of Moscow. The Eastern Bosphorus separates the island from the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula....
is scheduled to be built across the Eastern Bosphorus
Eastern Bosphorus
Eastern Bosphorus is a strait that separates the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula and Russky Island, and connects Amur Bay and Ussuri Bay.The depth is up to 50 m...
strait, to serve the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation is a forum for 21 Pacific Rim countries that seeks to promote free trade and economic cooperation throughout the Asia-Pacific region...
summit due to take place in Vladivostok
Vladivostok
The city is located in the southern extremity of Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula, which is about 30 km long and approximately 12 km wide.The highest point is Mount Kholodilnik, the height of which is 257 m...
in 2012. The bridge will connect the mainland part of the city (Nazimov peninsula) with Russky Island, where the main activities of the summit are to take place.
Overview
The bridge to the Russky island will be the world’s largest cable-stayed bridges, the 1104 m long central span of which will establish a new record in the world bridge building practice.The bridge will also have the highest pylons
Tower
A tower is a tall structure, usually taller than it is wide, often by a significant margin. Towers are distinguished from masts by their lack of guy-wires....
and the longest cable stays.
The design of the bridge crossing has been determined on the basis of two primary factors:
- Shortest coast-to-coast distance in the bridge crossing location 1460 m. Navigable channel depth is up to 50 m.
- The locality of the bridge crossing construction site is characterized by severe climate conditions: temperatures vary from minus 31 to plus 37 degrees, storm wind velocity of up to 36 m/s, storm wave height of up to 6 m, ice formation in winter of up to 70 cm thick.
Bridge specification
- Bridge footprint: 60+72+3x84+1104+3x84+72+60 m
- Total bridge length: 1885.53 m
- Total length incl. trestles: 3100 m
- Central channel span length: 1104 m
- Bridge width: 29.5 m
- Bridge roadway breadth: 23.8 m
- Number of driving lanes: 4 (two in each direction)
- Under clearance: 70 m
- Number of bridge towers: 2
- Pylons’ height: 320.9 m
- Number of cable stays: 168
- Longest / shortest cable stay: 579.83/135.771 m
Pylons construction
The pilesDeep foundation
A deep foundation is a type of foundation distinguished from shallow foundations by the depth they are embedded into the ground. There are many reasons a geotechnical engineer would recommend a deep foundation over a shallow foundation, but some of the common reasons are very large design loads, a...
will be driven as deep as 77 m below ground, and on the island side the 120 auger piles will be piled under each of the two 320-m high bridge towers.
The pylons will be concreted using custom self-climbing forms in pours of 4.5 m. A crane
Crane (machine)
A crane is a type of machine, generally equipped with a hoist, wire ropes or chains, and sheaves, that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally. It uses one or more simple machines to create mechanical advantage and thus move loads beyond the normal capability of...
will be used on the first three pours, afterwards the formwork will start unaided moving through the hydraulic motion of modular elements.
The pylons will be A-shaped, therefore, the use of standard forms will not be feasible. An individual set of forms has been arranged for each bridge tower.
Transition between section types will be carried out at summer levels at the elevations of 66.26 m and 191.48 m.
The use of self-climbing forms will make it possible to achieve better quality and decrease the time of construction of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete structures by half as much again.
Cable stays anchorage zone starts at the elevation
Elevation
The elevation of a geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point, most commonly a reference geoid, a mathematical model of the Earth's sea level as an equipotential gravitational surface ....
of 197.5 m. The installation of cable stay pairs and casting of bridge tower bodies will be carried out simultaneously, dramatically reducing the construction period.
Central Span Structure
The span structure has an aerodynamic cross-section to assume squally wind loads. The shape of the span cross-section has been determined based on aerodynamic design and optimized according to the results of experimental processing of the scale model in the detailed design phase.Welded field connections are used for longitudinal and transversal joints of the cap sheet of the orthotropic plate and lower ribbed plate. For joints of vertical walls of the blocks, longitudinal ribs, transversal beams and diaphragms, field connections are used provided by means of high-strength bolts
Large-sized prefabricated sections for installation of the central span will be delivered by barges to the erection site and hoisted by a crane to a 76-m height. Here, the elements will be abutted and cable stays will be attached to them.
Cable-Stayed System
A cable-stayed system assumes all static and dynamic loads on which the very existence of bridge depends. Cable stays are not designed to endure the entire lifetime of the bridge, but they are repairable and have the best possible protection from natural disasters and other adverse impacts.PSS cable stays consist of parallel strands of 15.7 mm diameter; every strand consists of 7 galvanized wires. Cable stays incorporate from 13 to 79 strands. The length of the shortest cable stay will be 135.771 m, the longest – 579.83 m. The protective housings of the cable stays will be made from HDPE and will have the following features:
UV
Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays, in the range 10 nm to 400 nm, and energies from 3 eV to 124 eV...
resistance; resistance to local climate conditions of Vladivostok (temperature range from minus 40°C to plus 40°C) and environmental aggressiveness.
Construction of the bridge to Russky Island will be completed in Quarter II, 2012. Though being unique in its main parameters, the bridge will be constructed in record-breaking time of 43 months.