Bovine herpesvirus 5
Encyclopedia
Caused By: BHV-5 — Bovine Encephalitis Virus — Bovine Encephalitis Herpesvirus
genus and Alphaherpesvirinae
subfamily. It causes meningoencephalitis
and respiratory disease in cattle and sheep. As with all herpes viruses latent infection can occur, with recrudescence at times of stressed and/or immunosuppression. Sites of latency include the CNS and mucosae of the nose and trachea. The disease has been documented in South America, USA, Australia, Germany and Hungary.
Disease is most common in calves up to ten months of age.
and tachypnea
with pyrexia, dyspnea
, mucoid nasal discharge, hypersalivation
and abnormal lung sounds. Systemic signs such as lethargy and anorexia
are seen.
Neurological signs are normally acute. These signs include opisthotonus
, hyperaesthesia, abnormal behaviour, ataxia
, head pressing, blindness
, proprioceptive deficits
, coma and seizures. Sudden death occurs in neonates. Subacute disease almost always fatal, causing depression, anorexia, ataxia and a pronounced dyspnea.
Animals that recover from the infection or become infected following BHV-1 infection become latent carriers.
To diagnose infection, the virus is identified using specific monoclonal antibodies, PCR or ELISA
. Neurological lesions should be identifiable on [autopsy|postmortem examination]].
Introduction
Bovine herpesvirus 5 is virus species of the VaricellovirusVaricellovirus
Varicellovirus is a genus of Alphaherpesvirinae.The varicellovirus genus contains several closely related viruses, including Varicella zoster virus , the causative agent of chickenpox in humans, and Pseudorabies virus , the causative agent of Aujeszky's disease.- Morphology :As with other...
genus and Alphaherpesvirinae
Alphaherpesvirinae
Alphaherpesvirinae is a subfamily of Herpesviridae primarily distinguished by reproducing more quickly than other subfamilies of Herpesviridae. In animal virology the most important herpesviruses belong to the Alphaherpesvirinae...
subfamily. It causes meningoencephalitis
Meningoencephalitis
Meningoencephalitis is a medical condition that simultaneously resembles both meningitis, which is an infection or inflammation of the meninges, and encephalitis, which is an infection or inflammation of the brain.-Causes:...
and respiratory disease in cattle and sheep. As with all herpes viruses latent infection can occur, with recrudescence at times of stressed and/or immunosuppression. Sites of latency include the CNS and mucosae of the nose and trachea. The disease has been documented in South America, USA, Australia, Germany and Hungary.
Disease is most common in calves up to ten months of age.
Clinical Signs & Diagnosis
Signs of respiratory disease include tachycardiaTachycardia
Tachycardia comes from the Greek words tachys and kardia . Tachycardia typically refers to a heart rate that exceeds the normal range for a resting heart rate...
and tachypnea
Tachypnea
Tachypnea means rapid breathing. Any rate between 12-20 breaths per minute is normal. Tachypnea is a respiration rate greater than 20 breaths per minute. - Distinction from other breathing terms :...
with pyrexia, dyspnea
Dyspnea
Dyspnea , shortness of breath , or air hunger, is the subjective symptom of breathlessness.It is a normal symptom of heavy exertion but becomes pathological if it occurs in unexpected situations...
, mucoid nasal discharge, hypersalivation
Hypersalivation
Hypersalivation is excessive production of saliva. It has also been defined as increased amount of saliva in the mouth, which may also be caused by decreased clearance of saliva....
and abnormal lung sounds. Systemic signs such as lethargy and anorexia
Anorexia (symptom)
Anorexia is the decreased sensation of appetite...
are seen.
Neurological signs are normally acute. These signs include opisthotonus
Opisthotonus
Opisthotonus or opisthotonos, from Greek roots, opistho meaning "behind" and tonos meaning "tension", is a state of a severe hyperextension and spasticity in which an individual's head, neck and spinal column enter into a complete "bridging" or "arching" position...
, hyperaesthesia, abnormal behaviour, ataxia
Ataxia
Ataxia is a neurological sign and symptom that consists of gross lack of coordination of muscle movements. Ataxia is a non-specific clinical manifestation implying dysfunction of the parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement, such as the cerebellum...
, head pressing, blindness
Blindness
Blindness is the condition of lacking visual perception due to physiological or neurological factors.Various scales have been developed to describe the extent of vision loss and define blindness...
, proprioceptive deficits
Proprioception
Proprioception , from Latin proprius, meaning "one's own" and perception, is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body and strength of effort being employed in movement...
, coma and seizures. Sudden death occurs in neonates. Subacute disease almost always fatal, causing depression, anorexia, ataxia and a pronounced dyspnea.
Animals that recover from the infection or become infected following BHV-1 infection become latent carriers.
To diagnose infection, the virus is identified using specific monoclonal antibodies, PCR or ELISA
ELISA
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay , is a popular format of a "wet-lab" type analytic biochemistry assay that uses one sub-type of heterogeneous, solid-phase enzyme immunoassay to detect the presence of a substance in a liquid sample."Wet lab" analytic biochemistry assays involves detection of an...
. Neurological lesions should be identifiable on [autopsy|postmortem examination]].
Treatment & Control
There is currently no treatment or specific vaccine for BHV-5, but BHV-1 vaccines seem to provide some cross-protection.See also
- Bovine herpesvirus (disambiguation)
- Bovine herpesvirus 1Bovine herpesvirus 1-Introduction:Bovine herpesvirus 1 is a virus of the family Herpesviridae and the subfamily Alphaherpesviridae, known to cause several diseases worldwide in cattle, including rhinotracheitis, vaginitis, balanoposthitis, abortion, conjunctivitis, and enteritis...
- Bovine herpesvirus 2Bovine herpesvirus 2Bovine herpesvirus 2 is a virus of the family Herpesviridae that causes two diseases in cattle, bovine mammillitis and pseudo-lumpyskin disease. BHV-2 is similar in structure to human herpes simplex virus...
- Bovine herpesvirus 4Bovine herpesvirus 4-Introduction:Bovine herpesvirus 4 is a member of the Herpesviridae family. It is part of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae and genus Rhadinovirus....