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Dyspnea or dyspnoea (pronounced disp-nee-ah, IPA /d?sp'ni?/), from Latin dyspnoea, from Greek
Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
 dyspnoia from dyspnoos, shortness of breath) or shortness of breath (SOB) is perceived to be difficulty of breathing or painful breathing that a patient is aware of. It is a common symptom of numerous medical disorders.

4 different grades of Dyspnea:






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Dyspnea or dyspnoea (pronounced disp-nee-ah, IPA /d?sp'ni?/), from Latin dyspnoea, from Greek
Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
 dyspnoia from dyspnoos, shortness of breath) or shortness of breath (SOB) is perceived to be difficulty of breathing or painful breathing that a patient is aware of. It is a common symptom of numerous medical disorders.

4 different grades of Dyspnea: Ortopnea: Dyspnea while being in the best respiratory position possible. Resting dyspnea: Dyspnea while resting. Talking dyspnea: Dyspnea while talking. Dyspnea on exertion (DOE or exertional dyspnea) indicates dyspnea that occurs (or worsens) during physical activity.

Disorders of the lungs


Obstructive lung diseases

  • Asthma
    Asthma

    Asthma is a common chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in which the Lung constrict, become inflammation, and are lined with excessive amounts of thickened mucus, often in response to one or more triggers....
  • Bronchitis
    Bronchitis

    Bronchitis is an inflammation of the large bronchus in the lungs. It can progress to pneumonia. Acute bronchitis is usually caused by viruses or bacteria and may last several days or weeks....
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • Cystic fibrosis
    Cystic fibrosis

    Cystic Fibrosis is a Genetic disorder affecting the exocrine glands of the lungs, liver, pancreas, and intestines, causing progressive disability due to multisystem failure....
  • Emphysema
    Emphysema

    Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . It is often caused by exposure to toxin Chemical substance, including long-term exposure to tobacco smoking....
  • Laryngeal
    Larynx

    The larynx , colloquially known as the voicebox, is an organ in the neck of mammals involved in protection of the vertebrate trachea and sound production....
     edema
    Edema

    File:Oedema.jpgEdema or Oedema , formerly known as dropsy or hydropsy, is an abnormal accumulation of fluid beneath the skin, or in one or more cavities of the body....
     due to allergies
  • Hookworm disease


Diseases of lung parenchyma and pleura


Contagious
  • Anthrax
    Anthrax

    Anthrax is an Acute disease in humans and animals caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, which is highly lethal in some forms. There are effective vaccines against anthrax, and some forms of the disease respond well to antibiotic treatment....
     through inhalation of Bacillus anthracis
    Bacillus anthracis

    Bacillus anthracis is a very large bacterium compared to others. It is a Gram-positive spore-forming rod-shaped bacterium, with a width of 1-1.2?m and a length of 3-5?m....
  • Pneumonia
    Pneumonia

    Pneumonia is an Inflammation illness of the lung. Frequently, it is described as lung parenchyma/alveolus inflammation and abnormal alveolar filling with fluid ....


Non-contagious
  • Fibrosing alveolitis
    Alveolitis

    Alveolitis can refer to two Inflammation conditions. It can refer to inflammation of the pulmonary alveolus in the lungs, or the dental alveolus in the jaw....
  • Atelectasis
    Atelectasis

    Atelectasis is a collapse of lung tissue affecting part or all of one lung. It is a condition where the alveoli are deflated, as distinct from pulmonary consolidation....
  • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
    Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

    Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an inflammation of the alveoli within the lung caused by hypersensitivity to inhaled organic dusts. Sufferers are commonly exposed to the dust by their occupation or hobbies....
  • Interstitial lung disease
  • Lung cancer
    Lung cancer

    Lung cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth in tissue of the lung. This growth may lead to metastasis, which is the invasion of adjacent tissue and infiltration beyond the lungs....
  • Pleural effusion
    Pleural effusion

    Pleural effusion is excess fluid that accumulates in the pleural cavity, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs. Excessive amounts of such fluid can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs during inhalation....
  • Pneumoconiosis
    Pneumoconiosis

    Pneumoconiosis is an occupational lung disease caused by the inhalation of dust....
  • Pneumothorax
    Pneumothorax

    In medicine , a pneumothorax, or collapsed lung, is a potential medical emergency caused by accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity....
  • Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
    Pulmonary edema

    Pulmonary edema , or oedema , is swelling and/or fluid accumulation in the lungs. It leads to impaired gas exchange and may cause respiratory failure....
     or acute respiratory distress syndrome
    Acute respiratory distress syndrome

    'Acute respiratory distress syndrome' , also known as 'respiratory distress syndrome' or 'adult respiratory distress syndrome' is a serious reaction to various forms of injuries to the lung....
  • Sarcoidosis
    Sarcoidosis

    Sarcoidosis, also called sarcoid or Besnier-Boeck disease, is a multisystem disorder characterized by non-caseating granulomas . It most commonly arises in young adults....


Pulmonary vascular diseases

  • Acute or recurrent pulmonary emboli
    Pulmonary embolism

    Pulmonary embolism is a blockage of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches, usually occurring when a deep vein thrombosis becomes dislodged from its site of formation and travels, or embolism, to the pulmonary artery blood supply of one of the lungs....
  • Pulmonary hypertension
    Pulmonary hypertension

    In medicine, pulmonary hypertension is an increase in blood pressure in the pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, or pulmonary capillaries, together known as the lung Pulmonary circulation, leading to dypsnea, dizziness, fainting, and other symptoms, all of which are exacerbated by exertion....
    , primary or secondary
  • Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
  • Superior vena cava syndrome
    Superior vena cava syndrome

    Superior vena cava syndrome , or superior vena cava obstruction , is usually the result of the direct obstruction of the superior vena cava by malignancies- such as compression of the vessel wall by right upper lobe tumors and/or mediastinal lymphadenopathy....


Other causes of diminished breathing


Obstruction of the airway

  • Cancer
    Cancer

    Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cell display uncontrolled growth , invasion , and sometimes metastasis . These three malignant properties of cancers differentiate them from benign tumors, which are self-limited, do not invade or metastasize....
     of the larynx
    Larynx

    The larynx , colloquially known as the voicebox, is an organ in the neck of mammals involved in protection of the vertebrate trachea and sound production....
     or pharynx
    Pharynx

    FunctionsThe pharynx is part of the digestive system and respiratory system of many organisms.Because both food and Earth's atmosphere pass through the pharynx, a flap of connective tissue called the epiglottis closes over the trachea when food is swallowed to prevent choking or Pulmonary aspiration....
  • Empty nose syndrome
    Empty nose syndrome

    Empty nose syndrome is a medical term used by otolaryngologists to describe a nose crippled by over resection of the middle or inferior turbinates of the nose....
  • Pulmonary aspiration
    Pulmonary aspiration

    In medicine, aspiration is the entry of secretions or foreign material into the Vertebrate trachea and lungs.The patient may either inhalation the material, or it may be blown into the lungs during positive pressure ventilation or CPR....
  • Epiglottitis
    Epiglottitis

    Epiglottitis is inflammation of the epiglottis - the flap that sits at the base of the tongue, which keeps food from going into the trachea . Due to its place in the airway, swelling of this structure can interfere with Breath and constitutes a medical emergency....


Immobilization of the diaphragm

  • Lesion of the phrenic nerve
    Phrenic nerve

    The phrenic nerve arises from the third, fourth, and fifth cervical spinal nerves in humans....
  • Polycystic liver disease
    Polycystic liver disease

    Polycystic liver disease usually describes the presence of multiple cysts scattered throughout the normal liver tissue, in association with Polycystic kidney disease....
  • Tumor
    Tumor

    A tumor or tumour is the name for a swelling or lesion formed by an abnormal growth of cells . Tumor is not synonymous with cancer. A tumor can be Benign neoplasm, Carcinoma in situ or malignant, whereas cancer is by definition malignant....
     in the diaphragm


Restriction of the chest volume

  • Ankylosing spondylitis
    Ankylosing spondylitis

    Ankylosing spondylitis It is a member of the group of the spondyloarthropathy with a strong genetic predisposition. Complete fusion results in a complete rigidity of the spine, a condition known as bamboo spine....
  • Broken
    Bone fracture

    A bone fracture is a medical condition in which a bone is cracked or broken. It is a break in the continuity of the bone. While many fractures are the result of high force impact force or Stress fracture, bone fracture can also occur as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis, certain types of cance...
     ribs
  • Kyphosis
    Kyphosis

    Kyphosis also called "hunch back" or "hunchbackism" or "hunchbackedness", in general terms, is a common condition of a curvature of the upper spine ....
     of the spine
  • Obesity
    Obesity

    Obesity is a condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to an extent that health may be negatively affected. It is commonly defined as a body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or higher....
  • Pregnancy
    Pregnancy

    Pregnancy is the carrying of one or more offspring, known as a fetus or embryo, inside the uterus of a female. In a pregnancy, there can be multiple gestations, as in the case of twins or Multiple birth....
  • Pectus excavatum
    Pectus excavatum

    Pectus excavatum is the most common congenital deformity of the anterior wall of the chest, in which several ribs and the sternum grow abnormally....
  • Scoliosis
    Scoliosis

    Scoliosis is a medical condition in which a person's Vertebral column is curved from side to side, shaped like a "s", and may also be rotated....


Disorders of the cardiovascular system

  • Aortic dissection
    Aortic dissection

    Aortic dissection is a tear in the wall of the aorta that causes blood to flow between the layers of the wall of the aorta and force the layers apart....
  • Cardiomyopathy
    Cardiomyopathy

    Cardiomyopathy, which literally means "heart muscle disease," is the deterioration of the function of the myocardium for any reason. People with cardiomyopathy are often at risk of arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death or both....
  • Congenital heart disease
  • CREST syndrome
    CREST syndrome

    The limited form of scleroderma is often referred to as CREST syndrome. "CREST" is an acronym for the five main features:* Calcinosis* Raynaud's phenomenon...
  • Heart failure
  • Ischaemic heart disease
    Ischaemic heart disease

    Ischaemic or ischemic heart disease , or myocardial ischaemia, is a disease characterized by reduced blood supply to the myocardium, usually due to Coronary heart disease ....
  • Malignant hypertension
    Malignant hypertension

    Malignant hypertension is a complication of hypertension characterized by very elevated blood pressure, and organ damage in the eyes, brain, lung and/or kidneys....
  • Pericardium
    Pericardium

    The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the great vessels....
     disorders, including:
    • Cardiac tamponade
      Cardiac tamponade

      Cardiac tamponade, also known as pericardial tamponade, is an medical emergency condition in which fluid accumulates in the pericardium . If the fluid significantly elevates the pressure on the heart it will prevent the Ventricle from filling properly....
    • Constrictive pericarditis
      Constrictive pericarditis

      In many cases, constrictive pericarditis is a late sequela of an inflammatory condition of the pericardium. The inflammatory condition is usually an infection that involves the pericardium, but it may be after a myocardial infarction or after coronary artery bypass surgery....
    • Pericardial effusion
      Pericardial effusion

      Pericardial effusion is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity. Because of the limited amount of space in the pericardial cavity, fluid accumulation will lead to an increased intrapericardial pressure and this can negatively affect heart function....
  • Pulmonary edema
    Pulmonary edema

    Pulmonary edema , or oedema , is swelling and/or fluid accumulation in the lungs. It leads to impaired gas exchange and may cause respiratory failure....
  • Pulmonary embolism
    Pulmonary embolism

    Pulmonary embolism is a blockage of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches, usually occurring when a deep vein thrombosis becomes dislodged from its site of formation and travels, or embolism, to the pulmonary artery blood supply of one of the lungs....
  • Valvular heart disease
    Valvular heart disease

    Valvular heart disease is any disease process involving one or more of the Heart valve . Valve problems may be congenital or acquired . Treatment may be with medication but often involves valve repair or valve replacement ....


Disorders of the blood and metabolism

  • Anemia
    Anemia

    Anemia or an?mia/anaemia is defined as a qualitative or quantitative deficiency of hemoglobin, a protein found inside red blood cells ....
  • Hypothyroidism
    Hypothyroidism

    Hypothyroidism is the disease state in humans and in animals caused by insufficient production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland. Cretinism is a form of hypothyroidism found in infants....
  • Metabolic acidosis
    Metabolic acidosis

    In medicine, metabolic acidosis is a process which if unchecked leads to acidemia, i.e. blood pH is low due to increased production of hydrogen by the body or the inability of the body to form bicarbonate in the kidney....
  • Sepsis
    Sepsis

    Sepsis, is a serious medicine condition characterized by a whole-body Inflammation state and the presence of a known or suspected infection.
  • Leukemia
    Leukemia

    Leukemia is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow and is characterized by an abnormal proliferation of blood Cell , usually white blood cells ....


Disorders affecting breathing nerves and muscles

  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

    Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a progressive, usually fatal, neurodegenerative disease caused by the degeneration of motor neurons, the nerve cells in the central nervous system that control voluntary muscle movement....
  • Guillain-Barré syndrome
    Guillain-Barré syndrome

    Guillain-Barr? syndrome is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy , an Autoimmune Disease disease affecting the peripheral nervous system, usually triggered by an acute infectious process....
  • Multiple sclerosis
    Multiple sclerosis

    Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the central nervous system, leading to demyelinating disease. Disease onset usually occurs in young adults, and it is more common in females....
  • Myasthenia gravis
    Myasthenia gravis

    Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular disease leading to fluctuating muscle weakness and fatigue . It is an autoimmunity, in which weakness is caused by circulating antibody that block acetylcholine receptors at the post-synaptic neuromuscular junction, inhibiting the stimulative effect of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine....
  • Parsonage Turner syndrome
    Parsonage Turner Syndrome

    Parsonage-Turner Syndrome, also known as Parsonage-Aldren-Turner Syndrome or neuralgic amyotrophy, brachial neuritis, is the name given to a set of symptoms resulting from inflammation of unknown etiology of the brachial plexus....
  • Eaton-Lambert syndrome


Psychological conditions

  • Anxiety disorder
    Anxiety disorder

    Anxiety disorder is a blanket term covering several different forms of abnormal and pathological fears and anxieties.Although in casual discourse the words anxiety, fear, and phobia are often used interchangeably, in clinical usage, they have distinct meanings....
    s and panic attack
    Panic attack

    Panic attacks are very sudden, discrete periods of intense anxiety, mounting physiological arousal, fear, stomach problems and discomfort that are associated with a variety of somatic and cognitive symptoms....
    s

Medications

  • Fentanyl
    Fentanyl

    Fentanyl is an odorless, rapid-acting opioid , which depresses central nervous system and respiratory function. It is one of the the most powerful opioids known, with a potency approximately 80 times that of morphine....


See also

  • Air hunger
    Air hunger

    Air hunger is the sensation of the urge to breathe. It is usually caused by the detection of high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood by sensors in the carotid sinus and is one of the body's homeostasis mechanisms to ensure proper oxygenation....
  • Apnea
    Apnea

    Apnea, apnoea, or apn?a is a technical term for suspension of external respiration . During apnea there is no movement of the muscles of respiration and the volume of the lungs initially remains unchanged....
    , absence of respiration
  • Tachypnea
    Tachypnea

    Tachypnea is characterized by rapid breathing.It is not identical with hyperventilation - tachypnea may be necessary for a sufficient gas-exchange of the body, for example after exercise, in which case it is not hyperventilation....
    , fast respiration
  • Bradypnea
    Bradypnea

    Bradypnea , British English spelling bradypnoea refers to an abnormally slow breathing rate. The rate at which bradypnea is diagnosed depends upon the age of the patient....
    , slow respiration
  • Eupnea
    Eupnea

    In the human respiratory system, eupnea is normal, unlaboured Breath, sometimes known as quiet breathing or resting respiration. In eupnea, expiration employs only the Elasticity recoil of the Human lung....
    , normal respiration
  • Orthopnea
  • Trepopnea
    Trepopnea

    Trepopnea is dyspnea that is sensed while lying on one side but not on the other. It results from disease of one lung, one major bronchus, or chronic heart failure....
  • Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
    Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

    Cardiac asthma is a medical symptom, also known as paroxysmal dyspnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea .It is defined as sudden, severe shortness of breath at night that awakens a person from sleep, often with coughing and wheezing....


External links