Boraginales
Encyclopedia
Boraginales is a valid taxonomic name at the rank of order for a group of flowering plant
s. When recognised, it is includes Boraginaceae
and closely related asterid families.
Boraginales is recognized in neither of two major classification systems, the Cronquist system
and the APG II system, but has been recognized in some recent references. The circumscription of Boraginales is essentially identical to the circumscription of Boraginaceae sensu
APG. The APG system takes a broad view of Boraginaceae, including within it the traditionally recognized families Hydrophyllaceae
and Lennoaceae
based on recent molecular phylogenies that show that Boraginaceae as traditionally defined is paraphyletic with respect to these two families. APG includes Boraginaceae in the Euasterid clade but this family is otherwise unplaced; its precise relationship to other families in the Euasterid group remains unclear.
In the Cronquist system, Boraginaceae (including Cordiaceae, Ehretiaceae, and Heliotropiaceae) and Lennoaceae were placed in Lamiales, and Hydrophyllaceae in Solanales.
In some recent publications, Boraginaceae sensu APG is split into several families: Boraginaceae s.s., Cordiaceae, Ehretiaceae, Heliotropiaceae, and Lennoaceae; these families comprise the Boraginales.
Flowering plant
The flowering plants , also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants like the gymnosperms and can be distinguished from the gymnosperms by a series of synapomorphies...
s. When recognised, it is includes Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae, the Borage or Forget-me-not family, include a variety of shrubs, trees, and herbs, totaling about 2,000 species in 146 genera found worldwide.A number of familiar plants belong to this family....
and closely related asterid families.
Boraginales is recognized in neither of two major classification systems, the Cronquist system
Cronquist system
The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in his texts An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants and The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants .Cronquist's system places flowering plants into two...
and the APG II system, but has been recognized in some recent references. The circumscription of Boraginales is essentially identical to the circumscription of Boraginaceae sensu
Sensu
Sensu is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of".It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used, but it also appears in expressions that indicate the convention or context of the usage.-Sensu and...
APG. The APG system takes a broad view of Boraginaceae, including within it the traditionally recognized families Hydrophyllaceae
Hydrophyllaceae
Hydrophylloideae is a subfamily of the Boraginaceae family of flowering plants. Their taxonomic position is somewhat uncertain. Traditionally, and under the Cronquist system, they were given family rank under the name Hydrophyllaceae, and treated as part of the order Solanales...
and Lennoaceae
Lennoaceae
Lennooideae is a subfamily of parasitic flowering plants of south-western North America and north-western South America.The relationships of this subfamily with other plants remains uncertain. Traditionally it was treated at family rank as Lennoaceae, and placed in different orders by different...
based on recent molecular phylogenies that show that Boraginaceae as traditionally defined is paraphyletic with respect to these two families. APG includes Boraginaceae in the Euasterid clade but this family is otherwise unplaced; its precise relationship to other families in the Euasterid group remains unclear.
In the Cronquist system, Boraginaceae (including Cordiaceae, Ehretiaceae, and Heliotropiaceae) and Lennoaceae were placed in Lamiales, and Hydrophyllaceae in Solanales.
In some recent publications, Boraginaceae sensu APG is split into several families: Boraginaceae s.s., Cordiaceae, Ehretiaceae, Heliotropiaceae, and Lennoaceae; these families comprise the Boraginales.