The
Boeing 757 is a mid-size,
narrow-bodyA narrow-body aircraft is an airliner with a fuselage aircraft cabin diameter typically of 3 to 4 metres , and airline seat arranged 2 to 6 abreast along a single aisle...
twinjetA twinjet is a jet aircraft powered by two engines. There are two common configurations of the engines; one sees either engine slung under a wing, and the other sees them mounted at the back of the fuselage. Twinjets tend to be quieter and more efficient than aircraft with either three or four...
airlinerAn airliner is a large fixed-wing aircraft for transporting passengers and cargo. Such planes are owned by airlines....
manufactured by
Boeing Commercial AirplanesBoeing Commercial Airplanes is a unit of The Boeing Company, based in Renton, Washington consisting of the Seattle-based former Boeing Airplane Company , as well as the Long Beach-based Douglas Aircraft division of the former McDonnell Douglas Corporation...
. Passenger versions of the 757 can carry between 186 and 279 passengers, and have a maximum range of 3,100 to 3,900 nautical miles (5,900 to 7,200 km) depending on variant and seating configuration. The Boeing 757 has been produced in two fuselage lengths: the original 757-200 entered service in 1983, and the stretched 757-300 entered service in 1999. Freighter versions of the 757-200, the 757-200PF and 757-200SF, have also been produced.
Launched with orders from
Eastern Air LinesEastern Air Lines was a major United States airline that existed from 1926 to 1991. Before its dissolution it was headquartered at Miami International Airport in unincorporated Miami-Dade County, Florida.-History:...
and
British AirwaysBritish Airways plc is the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom. It is headquartered in Waterside near its main hub at London Heathrow Airport and is the largest airline in the UK based on fleet size, international flights and international destinations. Its second hub is London Gatwick...
in 1978, the Boeing 757 was intended to replace the previous narrow-body
727The Boeing 727 is a mid-size, narrow-body, three-engine, T-tailed commercial jet airliner. The first Boeing 727 flew in 1963 and for over a decade it was the most produced commercial jet airliner in the world. When production ended in 1984, a total of 1,831 aircraft had been produced...
trijet on short and medium routes. The 757 was conceived and designed in tandem with the
767The Boeing 767 is a mid-size, wide-body twinjet airliner produced by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Passenger versions of the 767 can carry between 181 and 375 passengers, and have a range of 5,200 to 6,590 nautical miles depending on variant and seating configuration. The Boeing 767 has been...
, a
wide-bodyA wide-body aircraft is a large airliner with two passenger aisles, also known as a twin-aisle aircraft. The typical fuselage diameter is . In the typical widebody economy cabin, passengers are seated seven to ten abreast, allowing a total capacity of 200 to 600 passengers...
twinjet with which it shares design features and two-crew
flight decksA cockpit or flight deck is the area, usually near the front of an aircraft, from which a pilot controls the aircraft. Most modern cockpits are enclosed, except on some small aircraft, and cockpits on large airliners are also physically separated from the cabin.It is a place where from which flight...
. The operating similarities between the two aircraft allow pilots to obtain a common
type ratingA type rating is an allowance to fly a certain aircraft model that requires additional training beyond the scope of initial license and aircraft class training. What aircraft require a type rating is decided by the local aviation authority...
to operate both jets, after the completion of a transition course. After its introduction, the 757 became commonly used by operators in both the
United StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
and
EuropeEurope is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus Mountains , and the Black Sea to the southeast...
, and particularly with mainline U.S. carriers and European
charter airlineIn the context of mass tourism, charter flights have acquired the more specific meaning of a flight whose sole function is to transport holidaymakers to tourist destinations. Such charter flights are contrasted with scheduled flights, but they do in fact operate to regular, published schedules...
s. The 757 has also been acquired for use as government, military, and VIP transport.
Production of the 757 ended on October 28, 2004 after 1,050 had been built. The final aircraft was delivered to
Shanghai AirlinesShanghai Airlines Co., Ltd. is an airline headquartered in the Jing'an District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. It operates domestic and international services. Its main bases are Shanghai Pudong International Airport and Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport...
on November 28, 2005. A total of 1,031 Boeing 757 aircraft were in airline service in July 2008.
Delta Air LinesDelta Air Lines, Inc. is a United States airline based and headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Delta operates an extensive domestic and international network, spanning North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, the Caribbean, and Australia...
operates the largest 757 fleet as of 2009.
Background
In the 1960s, the Boeing 727 had become the best-selling jetliner produced to date, with over 1,000 sales. The 727 was a trijet narrow-body airliner which operated short-to-medium routes, and had found particular success in the U.S. domestic airline market. By the 1970s, Boeing was considering plans to improve on the design of its most popular 727 variant, the 189-seat 727-200. Two approaches were considered: a stretched 727-300, and a new development study, code-named 7N7. Along with a parallel development effort code-named 7X7, these studies aimed to take advantage of new materials and propulsion advances in the civil aerospace industry. The 7N7 was planned as a narrow-body twinjet, while the 7X7, which eventually became the 767, was planned as a mid-size wide-body airliner. The 727-300 never received enough interest from the airlines to proceed, as the 7N7 came to the forefront of 727 replacement considerations. Airlines were particularly interested in the new engine technology, reduced weight, improved aerodynamics, and reduced operating cost promised by the 7N7 concept.
In 1978, Boeing's 7N7 studies concentrated on two variants: a 7N7-100 with seating for 160, and a 7N7-200 with capacity for over 180 seats. The 7N7 studies retained the
T-tailthumb|right|Grob motor gliderA T-tail is an aircraft tail stabilizer arrangement in which the horizontal surfaces are mounted to the top of the vertical stabilizer. Traditionally, the horizontal control surfaces are mounted to the fuselage at the base of the vertical stabilizer...
configuration of the 727 along with its single-aisle, narrow-body layout, while adding an advanced aft-loaded wing and new engines. The narrow-body configuration was touted as offering the lowest fuel burn per passenger-kilometer of any jetliner. On August 31, 1978, the 7N7 received its first airline commitments when British Airways and Eastern Airlines announced launch orders totaling 40 aircraft for the -200 version. These orders were formally signed in March 1979, at which time Boeing formally designated its new twinjet as the 757. The shorter -100 development, which failed to attract any orders, was dropped, with its role eventually taken by the 737-300 and 737-400.
Design effort
For much of its development, the 757 retained the 727's T-tail configuration, combined with under-wing engines, but a conventional tail was ultimately adopted one year after its first airline orders. Initially, the design also retained the 727 forward fuselage and flight deck, but as the development effort progressed, the 757 moved away from shared 727 elements and incorporated more advanced structural features and systems, The 757 nose and cockpit section came to share design elements with the 767. The 757 retained the same upper-fuselage diameter as the previous
Boeing 707The Boeing 707 is a four-engine commercial passenger jet airliner developed by Boeing in the early 1950s. Its name is most commonly pronounced as "Seven Oh Seven"...
, 727, and
737The Boeing 737 is a short to medium range, single aisle, narrow body jet airliner. Originally developed as a shorter, lower-cost twin-engine airliner derived from Boeing's 707 and 727, the 737 has nine variants with the -600, -700, -800 and -900 currently in production.Originally envisioned in...
. Increases in the 757 design's
maximum take-off weightThe Maximum Takeoff Weight or Maximum Takeoff Mass of an aircraft is the maximum weight at which the pilot of the aircraft is allowed to attempt to take off, due to structural or other limits. The analogous term for rockets is Gross Lift-Off Mass, or GLOW...
(MTOW) allowed the 757 to better perform in
hot and highIn aviation, hot and high refers to very warm ambient temperature combined with a very high airport elevation that may compromise an aircraft's ability to operate safely.[Page 914, Modern Airmanship, Van Sickle, McGraw-Hill Professional; 8 edition , ISBN-13:...]
climates.
The 757 and 767 were designed to share common
flight decksA cockpit or flight deck is the area, usually near the front of an aircraft, from which a pilot controls the aircraft. Most modern cockpits are enclosed, except on some small aircraft, and cockpits on large airliners are also physically separated from the cabin.It is a place where from which flight...
and handling characteristics. The 757 was designed with similarly configured systems, shared instrumentation,
avionicsAvionics means "aviation electronics". It comprises electronic systems for use on aircraft, artificial satellites and spacecraft, comprising communications, navigation and the display and management of multiple systems...
, and
flight management systemA flight management system is a fundamental part of a modern aircraft in that it controls the navigation. The flight management system is the avionics that holds the flight plan, and allows the pilot to modify as required in flight. The FMS uses various sensors to determine the aircraft's position...
s as the 767. Due to their shared design, after a short conversion course, pilots rated in the 757 were also qualified to fly the 767 and vice versa. The 757 wing's aft-loaded design produced lift across the majority of the upper wing, instead of a narrow band as in previous designs. British Airways and
Rolls-RoyceRolls-Royce plc is a British aircraft engine maker, and the second-largest in the world, behind GE Aviation. The company has related businesses in the defence aerospace, marine and energy markets....
initially lobbied the British aircraft industry to build 757 wings, but this did not occur.
The 757 was the first Boeing airliner launched with engines produced outside the United States, with early customers selecting the
Rolls-Royce RB211The Rolls-Royce RB211 is a family of high-bypass turbofan engines made by Rolls-Royce plc and capable of generating 37,400 to 60,600 pounds-force thrust...
.
Pratt & WhitneyPratt & Whitney is an American aircraft engine manufacturer of products widely used in both civil and military aircraft. As one of the "big three" aero-engine manufacturers, it competes with General Electric and Rolls-Royce, although it has also formed joint ventures with both of these companies...
soon offered the
PW2000The Pratt & Whitney PW2000 is a series of high-bypass turbofan aero engines with a thrust range from 37,000 to 43,000 lbf . Built by Pratt & Whitney, they were designed for the Boeing 757. As a 757 powerplant, these engines compete with the RB211-535.-Designe and development:The first PW2000 series...
, launched by Delta Air Lines. General Electric offered an engine option early in the program, the
CF6-32The General Electric CF6 is a family of high-bypass turbofan engines. A development of the first high-power high-bypass jet engine available, the TF39, the CF6 powers a wide variety of civilian airliners. The basic engine core formed the basis for the LM2500, LM5000, and LM6000 marine and power...
, but eventually abandoned the engine due to insufficient demand. With the -100 variant attracting little interest, the primary 757 design offered to customers consisted of the -200 model, with the choice of engine manufacturer, and either regular or longer-range fuel capacity.
Production and service
The first Boeing 757 was rolled out at Boeing's
Renton, WashingtonRenton is a city in King County, Washington, United States. Situated 13 miles southeast of Seattle, Washington, Renton straddles the southeast shore of Lake Washington. The State of Washington Office of Financial Management estimates the City of Renton's population to be 82,548 as of May 2009...
facility on January 13, 1982, and completed its maiden flight on February 19 of that year. The prototype aircraft was equipped with Rolls-Royce RB211 engines, marking the first time that a foreign engine was used on a Boeing debut model. Five aircraft were used for the flight-test program, which took place over seven months for a total of 1,250 flying hours. Following testing and certification, the first 757 was delivered to launch customer Eastern Air Lines on December 22, 1982, approximately four months after the first 767 deliveries. Eastern Air Lines put the aircraft into commercial service on January 1, 1983, followed by British Airways on February 9, 1983.
The 757 is used on heavy domestic routes as well as transatlantic routes between North America and Europe. The majority of 757s are in service with U.S. carriers (64% of aircraft in service at July 2007),
Delta Air LinesDelta Air Lines, Inc. is a United States airline based and headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Delta operates an extensive domestic and international network, spanning North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, the Caribbean, and Australia...
and
American Airlines
being the first and second largest customers of the type, respectively. Prior to July 2007,
American Airlines
was the largest operator, operating a total of 141 757s. American Airlines has retired their 757 fleet that was inherited via American's buyout of
TWAThe Twa, also known as Batwa, are a pygmy people who were the oldest recorded inhabitants of the Great Lakes region of central Africa. Current populations are found in the nations of Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, and the eastern portion of the Democratic Republic of Congo...
, due to the fact that they use
Pratt & WhitneyPratt & Whitney is an American aircraft engine manufacturer of products widely used in both civil and military aircraft. As one of the "big three" aero-engine manufacturers, it competes with General Electric and Rolls-Royce, although it has also formed joint ventures with both of these companies...
engines rather than
Rolls-RoyceRolls-Royce plc is a British aircraft engine maker, and the second-largest in the world, behind GE Aviation. The company has related businesses in the defence aerospace, marine and energy markets....
like most of American's 757s. Seventeen of these 757s are being leased to
Delta Air LinesDelta Air Lines, Inc. is a United States airline based and headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Delta operates an extensive domestic and international network, spanning North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, the Caribbean, and Australia...
via ILFC and Pegasus Aviation.
United AirlinesUnited Air Lines, Inc., trading as United Airlines , is a major airline of the United States. It is a subsidiary of UAL Corporation with corporate offices in Chicago at 77 West Wacker Drive in the Chicago Loop. United's largest hub is O'Hare International Airport, where it has more than 550 daily...
,
Continental AirlinesContinental Airlines is a United States certificated air carrier. Based in Downtown Houston, Texas, it is the fourth-largest airline in the US based on revenue passenger miles. Since 1998, Continental's marketing slogan has been "Work Hard, Fly Right."Continental operates flights to destinations...
,
US AirwaysUS Airways, Inc., an operating unit of US Airways Group, is the fifth largest airline in the United States.A member of the Star Alliance, the airline has a fleet of 353 mainline jet aircraft and 319 regional jet and turbo-prop aircraft connecting 200 destinations in North America, Central America,...
,
America West AirlinesAmerica West Airlines was one of the United States's ten major airlines. The airline was based in Phoenix, Arizona, and is now a part of US Airways Group....
(now a part of the
US Airways GroupUS Airways Group Inc. is the Tempe, Arizona-based airline holding company that operates US Airways, with PSA Airlines, Inc. and Piedmont Airlines, Inc. which operate under the US Airways Express brand...
), and
Northwest AirlinesNorthwest Airlines, Inc. , a wholly-owned subsidiary of Delta Air Lines, Inc., is a major United States airline headquartered in Eagan, Minnesota, near Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport...
(now a part of
Delta Air LinesDelta Air Lines, Inc. is a United States airline based and headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Delta operates an extensive domestic and international network, spanning North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, the Caribbean, and Australia...
) also operate large 757 fleets. The 757 is the only type of aircraft presently used by all six U.S. "legacy" airlines.
The 757 is also used for holiday/
charterIn the context of mass tourism, charter flights have acquired the more specific meaning of a flight whose sole function is to transport holidaymakers to tourist destinations. Such charter flights are contrasted with scheduled flights, but they do in fact operate to regular, published schedules...
airlines in the
UKThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands...
.
Thomas Cook AirlinesThomas Cook Airlines is a British charter airline based in Manchester, England. It serves main holiday resorts in Europe , North Africa, Asia, North America and the Caribbean from main bases at Manchester and London Gatwick.The airline also operates services from smaller bases at Belfast...
,
First Choice Airways{Infobox_Airline |airline=First Choice Airways|logo=First choice logo.jpg|logo_size=user|IATA=DP|ICAO=FCA|callsign=JETSET|parent=TUI Travel PLC|founded=1987|ceased=1 November 2008|headquarters=Crawley, England, UK||hubs = {Infobox_Airline |...
,
Monarch AirlinesMonarch Airlines is a British charter and scheduled airline based in Luton, England. It is one of the United Kingdom's largest charter airlines, operating to Europe, the United States, the Caribbean, India and Africa, serving mainly leisure destinations. It also operates scheduled flights to many ...
,
Titan AirwaysTitan Airways is a British charter airline based at London Stansted Airport, United Kingdom. It operates contract and ad hoc passenger and freight charters throughout the world and short notice wet-lease charters for scheduled airlines...
,
AstraeusAstraeus is a British airline based in Crawley, England. In May 2008, Astraeus changed its business model and ceased full time charter and schedule service flying to concentrate on sub lease activities, providing aircraft and crews to other airlines, on an ACMI basis and dry leasing...
and
ThomsonflyThomsonfly was a British airline, previously known as Britannia and a business within TUI UK prior to September 2007. Following TUI UK merging with First Choice Holidays in September 2007 it became part of TUI Travel PLC...
operate over 70 aircraft.
British AirwaysBritish Airways plc is the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom. It is headquartered in Waterside near its main hub at London Heathrow Airport and is the largest airline in the UK based on fleet size, international flights and international destinations. Its second hub is London Gatwick...
operate the aircraft on short routes, while other airlines have used the 757 for intercontinental and transatlantic routes.
Further developments
In the late 1990s, Boeing was considering possible variants of the 757, which for 18 years had been the only Boeing narrow-body jet not to receive a stretched variant. Rumors of a long-range -200X and stretched -300X circulated at the time, but no formal announcements had been made. In 1996, Boeing finally announced the stretched 757-300 program at the
Farnborough air showThe Farnborough International Airshow is a seven-day international trade fair for the aerospace business which is held biennially in Hampshire, England...
. The program was intended to be the shortest development program in Boeing history, with 27 months targeted between launch and certification. The 757-300 was launched with an order for 12 aircraft from
Condor AirlinesCondor Flugdienst, usually shortened to Condor, is an airline based in Germany. Condor operates services to the Mediterranean, Asia, Africa, North America and the Caribbean. Its main base is Frankfurt Airport, with a second one at Munich Airport...
. The first 757-300 was rolled out on May 31, 1998, and completed its maiden flight on August 2, 1998. Following regulatory certification in January 1999, the aircraft entered service with Condor on March 19, 1999.
While the 757 program was a resounding financial success, sales dwindled during the late 1990s, eventually forcing Boeing to cease production. The 1,050th and last 757, destined for
Shanghai AirlinesShanghai Airlines Co., Ltd. is an airline headquartered in the Jing'an District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. It operates domestic and international services. Its main bases are Shanghai Pudong International Airport and Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport...
, rolled off the production line at Renton on October 28, 2004 and was delivered to the customer in April, 2005 after several months of storage. In the short term, the 757-200 has been succeeded by the 737-900ER, touted by Boeing as filling in the range and capacity gap previously filled by the former aircraft. In the long term, the 757 is to be succeeded by the
Y1Y1 is a Boeing Commercial Airplanes project to replace the 737-700, 737-800, 737-900 and 757-200 product lines. It may also replace the 717 and 737-600 lines. The Y1 is also known as the 737RS -Development:...
. Variants of the Boeing 787 may also take on the 757's routes.
Design
The Boeing 757 is a low-wing cantilever monoplane with a conventional tail unit with a single fin and rudder. It has two main landing gear with four wheels each and one forward nose gear. The wing is swept at 25 degrees, and the aircraft optimized for a cruising speed of Mach 0.8. For purposes of
air traffic controlAir traffic control is a service provided by ground-based controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and in the air. The primary purpose of ATC systems worldwide is to separate aircraft to prevent collisions, to organize and expedite the flow of traffic, and to provide information and other...
spacing, the FAA requires greater separation behind a 757 than other large category aircraft because of their tendency to produce strong
wake turbulenceWake turbulence is turbulence that forms behind an aircraft as it passes through the air. This turbulence includes various components, the most important of which are wingtip vortices and jetwash. Jetwash refers simply to the rapidly moving gases expelled from a jet engine; it is extremely...
.
The 757-200 cockpit design, shared with the 767, uses six
Rockwell CollinsRockwell Collins, Inc. is a large United States-based international company headquartered in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, primarily providing aviation and information technology systems, solutions, and services to governmental agencies and aircraft manufacturers....
cathode-ray tube (CRT) screens to display electronic flight instrumentation. The displays are used for electronic flight instrumentation system (EFIS) and engine indication and crew alerting system (EICAS) information, taking over the former role of the flight engineer.
The 757-200 introduced an interior that became standard on all narrow-body Boeing aircraft (including the
Boeing 737The Boeing 737 is a short to medium range, single aisle, narrow body jet airliner. Originally developed as a shorter, lower-cost twin-engine airliner derived from Boeing's 707 and 727, the 737 has nine variants with the -600, -700, -800 and -900 currently in production.Originally envisioned in...
Classics) until the release of the Next Generation 737, which introduced an updated interior borrowing elements from the
Boeing 777The Boeing 777 is a long-range, wide-body twin-engine jet airliner manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. The world's largest twinjet and commonly referred to as the "Triple Seven", the aircraft can carry between 301 and 368 passengers in a three-class configuration and has a range from...
-style interior. The 757 interior offers up to a six abreast layout (3+3) with a single center aisle. The 757 could be ordered with either four exit doors on each side, or three exit doors plus four overwing window exit doors.
Winglet upgrades
Increased fuel prices have put pressure on airlines to improve the average fuel efficiency of their fleets.
American Airlines
's 757-200 aircraft each burned $4,153 of jet fuel to fly from St. Louis to San Francisco in 2004; in 2008, the same quantity of fuel cost $14,676 One way to improve the efficiency of an airplane is to reduce
lift-induced dragIn aerodynamics, lift-induced drag, induced drag, vortex drag, or sometimes drag due to lift, is a drag force that occurs whenever a moving object redirects the airflow coming at it. This drag force occurs in airplanes due to wings or a lifting body redirecting air to cause lift and also in cars...
by installing winglets. Although production has ceased, blended winglets are available from
Aviation Partners Inc.Aviation Partners Inc. is a Seattle based private corporation, which produces and markets winglet systems. It was founded in 1991 by Joe Clark and Dennis Washington, bringing together a team consisting primarily of retired Boeing and Lockheed engineers and flight test department directors.The 1st...
as a
retrofitRetrofitting refers to the addition of new technology or features to older systems. An example of this is car customizing, where older vehicles are fitted with new technologies: power windows, cruise control, remote keyless systems, electric fuel pumps, etc....
to increase
fuel efficiencyFuel efficiency, is a form of thermal efficiency, meaning the efficiency of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier fuel into kinetic energy or work. Overall fuel efficiency may vary per device, which in turn may vary per application, and this spectrum of variance...
and
rangeThe maximal total range is the distance an aircraft can fly between takeoff and landing, as limited by fuel capacity in powered aircraft, or cross-country speed and environmental conditions in unpowered aircraft....
. Aviation Partners claims improvements of 5% on fuel efficiency and 200 nautical miles (370 km) on range. Winglets on the 757 have been approved for the 757-200 series as 757-200WL (757-200WingLets), and for the -300 series.
Continental AirlinesContinental Airlines is a United States certificated air carrier. Based in Downtown Houston, Texas, it is the fourth-largest airline in the US based on revenue passenger miles. Since 1998, Continental's marketing slogan has been "Work Hard, Fly Right."Continental operates flights to destinations...
received the first modified -300 with winglets on February 3, 2009.
Variants
There are several variants of the 757. The 757-200 was the original, launched in 1979 with introduction into service in 1983. The 757-300 was launched in 1996 with introduction into service in 1999.
757-200
The 757-200 is the definitive version and forms the majority of 757s sold. It shares its fuselage cross section with the smaller 727 and 737. Boeing positioned the plane above the 737 and as an eventual replacement for the 727. At first it was meant to be a little shorter in length. In the end it was positioned not only above the 737, but also the 727. This variant can carry 228 passengers in a single class. However, with a seat pitch of 29 inches it can carry a maximum of 234 passengers. This configuration is also the FAA limit for the aircraft due to emergency exit rules.
The 757-200 was available in two different door configurations. One version used three standard doors per side with an additional, smaller door aft of the wing on each side for emergency evacuations. All eight door locations are equipped with inflatable evacuation slides. The alternate version is equipped with three standard doors per side (two towards the front and one at the aft of the cabin) with two "plug-type" over-wing exits per side replacing the smaller door aft of the wing.
Total production was 914 757-200, 80 757-200PF, and 1 757-200M. In July 2009 a total of 929 Boeing 757-200 aircraft (all -200 variants) were in airline service, the main operators being
Delta Air LinesDelta Air Lines, Inc. is a United States airline based and headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Delta operates an extensive domestic and international network, spanning North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, the Caribbean, and Australia...
(137),
American Airlines
(124),
United AirlinesUnited Air Lines, Inc., trading as United Airlines , is a major airline of the United States. It is a subsidiary of UAL Corporation with corporate offices in Chicago at 77 West Wacker Drive in the Chicago Loop. United's largest hub is O'Hare International Airport, where it has more than 550 daily...
(97),
UPS Airlines{Infobox_Airline |airline=UPS Airlines|logo=UPS logo.svg|logo_size=96|fleet_size=262|destinations=200 Countries|IATA=5X|ICAO=UPS|callsign=UPS|founded=1988|website=http://www.ups.comparent=United Parcel Service Inc.|headquarters=Louisville, Kentucky||hubs=...
(75),
Northwest AirlinesNorthwest Airlines, Inc. , a wholly-owned subsidiary of Delta Air Lines, Inc., is a major United States airline headquartered in Eagan, Minnesota, near Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport...
(55),
US AirwaysUS Airways, Inc., an operating unit of US Airways Group, is the fifth largest airline in the United States.A member of the Star Alliance, the airline has a fleet of 353 mainline jet aircraft and 319 regional jet and turbo-prop aircraft connecting 200 destinations in North America, Central America,...
(43),
Continental AirlinesContinental Airlines is a United States certificated air carrier. Based in Downtown Houston, Texas, it is the fourth-largest airline in the US based on revenue passenger miles. Since 1998, Continental's marketing slogan has been "Work Hard, Fly Right."Continental operates flights to destinations...
(41),
China Southern AirlinesChina Southern Airlines is an airline headquartered in Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. China Southern operates domestic, regional and international services. In 2008, China Southern was the world's 5th largest airline by passenger carried, Asia's largest airline...
(22),
DHL AirDHL Air UK, incorporated as DHL Air Ltd., is a cargo airline based in Hounslow, United Kingdom. It is wholly owned by Deutsche Post World Net and provides services on the group's DHL-branded parcel and express network in Europe. Its main base is East Midlands Airport.DHL Air Ltd...
(22), FedEx Express (22), many other airline throughout the world still operate smaller numbers.
757-200PF and 757-200SF
This cargo variety of the 757-200 proved to be a popular model after it was launched in 1985 and delivered in 1987 to
UPSUnited Parcel Service, Inc. , commonly referred to as UPS, is the world's largest package delivery company. Headquartered in Sandy Springs, Georgia, United States, UPS delivers more than 15 million packages a day to 6.1 million customers in more than 200 countries and territories around the world...
. The basic Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) of the 757PF is 250,000 pounds (113,400 kilograms), with an option for 255,000 pounds (115,600 kilograms). Other customers for the 757-200PF were Ethiopian Airlines and Challenge Air Cargo.
The 757PF has no passenger windows or doors and no interior amenities. A large main-deck cargo door is installed in the forward area of the fuselage on the left-hand side. The flight crew boards the aircraft through a single entry door installed immediately aft of the flight deck on the left side of the aircraft.
The interior of the main-deck fuselage has a smooth fiberglass lining. A fixed rigid barrier installed in the front end of the main deck serves as a restraint wall between the cargo and the flight deck. A sliding door in the barrier permits access from the flight deck to the cargo area.
Up to 15 containers or pallets, each measuring 88 by 125 inches (223 by 317 centimeters) at the base, can be accommodated on the main deck of the 757PF. Total main-deck container volume is 6,600 cubic feet (187 m³) and the two lower holds of the airplane provide 1,830 cubic feet (51.8 m³) for bulk loading. These provide a combined maximum revenue payload capability of 87,700 pounds (39,780 kilograms) including container weight. When carrying the maximum load, the 757PF has a range of about 2,900 nautical miles (5,371 kilometers).
Many former passenger 757-200s have been converted into 757-200 SF (Special Freighters), mainly for
DHLDHL Express is a division of Deutsche Post DHL providing international express mail services. Originally founded in 1969 to deliver documents between San Francisco and Honolulu, the company expanded its service throughout the world by the late 1970s...
. This conversion involves adding a cargo door on the left forward fuselage (identical to the 757-200PF), and removing all passenger amenities. All but the two forward cabin doors are sealed shut, and cabin windows are deleted. In September 2006, FedEx Express launched a US $2.6 billion fleet renewal initiative based on retiring its
Boeing 727The Boeing 727 is a mid-size, narrow-body, three-engine, T-tailed commercial jet airliner. The first Boeing 727 flew in 1963 and for over a decade it was the most produced commercial jet airliner in the world. When production ended in 1984, a total of 1,831 aircraft had been produced...
aircraft and acquiring second-hand Boeing 757s. Converted 757s are expected to enter service between 2008 and 2016.
757-200M
The 757-200M was launched for Royal Nepal Airlines in 1986. It is a convertible version where the seats can be removed in order to place cargo on the main deck. Nepal needed a plane that could operate from high altitude airfields, and having low passenger traffic, also needed a plane that could be converted to a freighter. Boeing saw this as an opportunity to showcase its 757. The 737 and 747 convertibles had proved popular and saw a market potential for the 757-200M. Only one example was ever ordered, delivered in 1988 to Royal Nepal (later renamed Nepal Airlines) who currently operate it.
Other versions such as a 757-200ER were proposed, but never launched. Improvements such as winglets are offered for those upgrading their fleets. These enhanced 757-200s are sometimes referred to as 757-200ER aircraft.
757-300
The 757-300 is a stretched version of the -200, that first flew in August 1998. The 757-300 has the capacity to seat 289 passengers in a pitch one class cabin, though the highest configuration in airline service is 280 seats, as operated by
Thomas Cook AirlinesThomas Cook Airlines is a British charter airline based in Manchester, England. It serves main holiday resorts in Europe , North Africa, Asia, North America and the Caribbean from main bases at Manchester and London Gatwick.The airline also operates services from smaller bases at Belfast...
. The fuel capacity was not increased and therefore the range was reduced to 3,395 nmi (6,287 km). 55 were ordered and delivered. This model has 8 standard doors, with 4 over-the-wing exit doors, 2 on either side. This model also features the interior of the
Next Generation 737The Boeing 737 is a short to medium range, single aisle, narrow body jet airliner. Originally developed as a shorter, lower-cost twin-engine airliner derived from Boeing's 707 and 727, the 737 has nine variants with the -600, -700, -800 and -900 currently in production.Originally envisioned in...
, which blends aspects of the 757-200 interior with the
Boeing 777The Boeing 777 is a long-range, wide-body twin-engine jet airliner manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. The world's largest twinjet and commonly referred to as the "Triple Seven", the aircraft can carry between 301 and 368 passengers in a three-class configuration and has a range from...
-style interior. It has proved popular with charter airlines for its efficiency and dense capacity.
For Boeing to have increased the fuel capacity, it had to strengthen the undercarriage and other areas to increase the MTOW. The 757-300 series was available for purchase with four engine options: either 43,100 lbf (191.7 kN) Rolls Royce RB-211-535E4-B turbofans, 43,850 lbf (195.1 kN) Pratt & Whitney PW-2043 turbofans and older versions known from 757-200 series, PW2037 and PW2040. In the end, only
Northwest AirlinesNorthwest Airlines, Inc. , a wholly-owned subsidiary of Delta Air Lines, Inc., is a major United States airline headquartered in Eagan, Minnesota, near Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport...
ordered the 757-300 with the Pratt & Whitney engines, making them unique among the series. As of July 2008, there are 51 Boeing 757-300 aircraft in airline service with
Continental AirlinesContinental Airlines is a United States certificated air carrier. Based in Downtown Houston, Texas, it is the fourth-largest airline in the US based on revenue passenger miles. Since 1998, Continental's marketing slogan has been "Work Hard, Fly Right."Continental operates flights to destinations...
(17),
Northwest AirlinesNorthwest Airlines, Inc. , a wholly-owned subsidiary of Delta Air Lines, Inc., is a major United States airline headquartered in Eagan, Minnesota, near Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport...
(16),
Condor AirlinesCondor Flugdienst, usually shortened to Condor, is an airline based in Germany. Condor operates services to the Mediterranean, Asia, Africa, North America and the Caribbean. Its main base is Frankfurt Airport, with a second one at Munich Airport...
(13),
Arkia Israel AirlinesArkia Israel Airlines , usually referred to as Arkia is an airline based at Tel Aviv - Ben Gurion International Airport . It is Israel's second largest airline operating scheduled domestic and international services as well as charter flights to destinations in Western Europe and across the...
(2),
Thomas Cook AirlinesThomas Cook Airlines is a British charter airline based in Manchester, England. It serves main holiday resorts in Europe , North Africa, Asia, North America and the Caribbean from main bases at Manchester and London Gatwick.The airline also operates services from smaller bases at Belfast...
(2) and
IcelandairIcelandair is the flag carrier airline of Iceland, based in Reykjavík. It is part of the Icelandair Group and operates services to 25 cities in 12 countries on both sides of the Atlantic. Its main base is Keflavík International Airport..- History :...
(1).
Boeing decided against further investment in the 757 family and focused efforts on the 737 Next Generation series (specifically the 737-900ER which Boeing believes will be a suitable 757-200 replacement for most passenger applications) and the
Boeing 787The Boeing 787 Dreamliner is a mid-sized, wide-body, twin-engine jet airliner currently under development by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Its maximum seating capacity in a one-class configuration is between 290 to 330 passengers depending on variant...
, which Boeing believes, in smaller versions, will substitute for larger versions of the 757 family.
Government, military and corporate
The 757 has also found itself in private and government service. The
United States Air ForceThe United States Air Force is the aerial warfare branch of the U.S. armed forces and one of the American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947 - 80 P.L....
has fitted four 757-200s for VIP transport duties (
C-32AThe Boeing C-32 is a military passenger transportation version of the Boeing 757 for the United States Air Force. The C-32 provides transportation for United States leaders to locations around the world. The primary customers are the Vice President of the United States, using the distinctive call...
). These are painted in the standard blue and white paint scheme used by the USAF for its VIP transport aircraft. These aircraft are often used to transport the
Vice President of the United StatesThe Vice President of the United States is the holder of a public office created by the United States Constitution. The Vice President, together with the President of the United States, is indirectly elected by the people through the Electoral College to a four-year term...
under the callsign "
Air Force TwoAir Force Two is the air traffic control call sign used by any United States Air Force aircraft carrying the Vice President, but not the President. The term is often associated with the Boeing C-32, a modified 757 which is most commonly used as the Vice President's transport. The C-40 Clipper, a...
". The USAF also operates two 757-200 aircraft (
C-32BThe Boeing C-32 is a military passenger transportation version of the Boeing 757 for the United States Air Force. The C-32 provides transportation for United States leaders to locations around the world. The primary customers are the Vice President of the United States, using the distinctive call...
) for use by the U.S. State Department Foreign Emergency Support Team. These aircraft are painted solid white with only a small American flag and the USAF serial number on the fuselage.
A 757 was used as a testbed for F-22 avionics and sensor integration. The modified 757 has a forward canard with sensors to simulate the F-22's wings above the 757's cockpit and a forward F-22 fuselage with the radar and systems.
The Royal New Zealand Air Force have two 757s converted to 200M standard that are used for transporting equipment, medi-vac, troops and VIPs. A more powerful APU and retractable airstairs are also fitted. A 757 is serving as the Presidential aircraft in
ArgentinaArgentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish-speaking nations, though Mexico,...
, with the military serial Tango 01, and another provides VIP and Presidential transport in
MexicoThe United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
TP01 (Tango papa 01). A Boeing 757 is also used by the
royal familyThe House of Saud is the royal family of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The modern nation of Saudi Arabia was established in 1932, though the roots and influence for the House of Saud had been planted in the Arabian Peninsula several centuries earlier...
of
Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia , is an Arab country and the largest country of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south...
as a flying hospital.
Senator
John KerryJohn Forbes Kerry is the senior United States Senator from Massachusetts, and is chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee....
chartered a 757-200 from
TransMeridian AirlinesTransMeridian Airlines was an Atlanta, Georgia based charter operator, operating under U.S. Department of Transportation FAR Part 121. It ceased all operations on September 29 2005, after negotiations with creditors to restructure its debt failed.-History:...
nicknamed
Freedom Bird as his campaign jet during the 2004 U.S. presidential election. British
Heavy MetalHeavy metal is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in England and the United States...
band
Iron MaidenIron Maiden are an English heavy metal band from Leyton in East London, formed in 1975. The band are directed by founder, bassist and songwriter Steve Harris...
have chartered and customized a 757 for their
Somewhere Back in Time World TourSomewhere Back in Time World Tour was a concert tour by Iron Maiden in 2008 and 2009 to promote the DVD release of their 1985 concert video Live After Death. To tie in with the tour, a new greatest hits compilation - Somewhere Back In Time - The Best Of: 1980-1989 - was also released...
. The plane was nicknamed
Ed Force One.
Incidents and accidents
As of August 2009, the Boeing 757 has been involved in 22 incidents, including 8
hull-loss accidentsAn aviation accident is roughly defined in the Convention on International Civil Aviation Annex 13 as an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight and all such persons have disembarked, in...
, resulting in a total of 700 fatalities (including 125 fatalities on ground due to terrorist hijacking and subsequent crash in the
September 11, 2001 attacksThe September 11 attacks were a series of coordinated suicide attacks by Al-Qaeda upon the United States on September 11, 2001. On that morning, 19 Al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four commercial passenger jet airliners...
).
Notable incidents:
- October 2, 1990: 1990 People's Republic of China airliner collision
Two aircraft collided on the runways of Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport on October 2, 1990, due to the hijacking of Xiamen Airlines Flight 8301. The hijacked plane bumped into a China Southwest Airlines plane first, inflicting only minor damage, but then collided with China Southern...
. Registration: B-2812, Carrier: China Southern, Fatalities: 46 on board (76 survivors), Location: Guangzhou-Baiyun Airport, People's Republic of ChinaThe People's Republic of China , commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the most populous in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately one-fifth of the world's population...
- December 20, 1995: American Airlines Flight 965
American Airlines Flight 965, a Boeing 757 registered , was a scheduled flight from Miami International Airport in Miami, Florida to Alfonso Bonilla Aragón International Airport in Cali, Colombia, which crashed into a mountain in Buga, Colombia on December 20, 1995, killing 151 passengers and 8...
, Carrier: American Airlines
, Fatalities: 159 on board (4 survivors), Approximate Location: Buga, Colombia
- February 6, 1996: Birgenair Flight 301
Birgenair Flight 301 was a Puerto Plata-Gander-Berlin-Frankfurt flight chartered by Turkish-managed Birgenair partner Alas Nacionales...
, Carrier: BirgenairBirgenair was a Turkish charter airline company established in 1988 with headquarters in Istanbul, Turkey.-History:Owned by the Turkish businessman Mehmet Birgen, Birgenair operated charter flights from Western Europe to several Turkish holiday destinations, initially with DC-8 aircraft...
, Fatalities: 189 on board (no survivors), Approximate location: Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic
- October 2, 1996: Aeroperú Flight 603
Aeroperú Flight 603 was a scheduled flight from Jorge Chávez International Airport in Lima, Peru , to Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport in Santiago, Chile, which crashed on October 2, 1996...
, Carrier: AeroPeruAeroperú was the national flag air carrier of Peru, and a wholly owned subsidiary of AeroMéxico.-History:...
, Fatalities: 70 on board (no survivors), Approximate Location: Pacific Ocean off the coast of Pasamayo, Peru
- September 14, 1999: Britannia Airways Flight 226A, Carrier: Britannia Airways
Britannia Airways was the largest charter airline in the United Kingdom, rebranded as Thomsonfly in 2005. Its main bases were London Gatwick, London Luton, Birmingham, Manchester, Newcastle and Glasgow...
, Fatalities: None, Approximate location: Girona-Costa Brava Airport, Spain
- September 11, 2001: United Airlines Flight 93
United Airlines Flight 93 was a scheduled United States domestic passenger flight from Newark International Airport, in Newark, New Jersey, to San Francisco International Airport, in San Francisco, California that was hijacked by four Islamist terrorists as part of the September 11 attacks in 2001...
, Carrier: United AirlinesUnited Air Lines, Inc., trading as United Airlines , is a major airline of the United States. It is a subsidiary of UAL Corporation with corporate offices in Chicago at 77 West Wacker Drive in the Chicago Loop. United's largest hub is O'Hare International Airport, where it has more than 550 daily...
, Fatalities: 44 on board (no survivors), Approximate location: Shanksville, Pennsylvania, United States
- September 11, 2001: American Airlines Flight 77
American Airlines Flight 77 was the third flight hijacked as part of the September 11 attacks. It was deliberately crashed into the Pentagon. The flight from Washington Dulles International Airport to Los Angeles International Airport was hijacked by five Islamic terrorists less than...
, Carrier: American Airlines
, Fatalities: 64 on board and 125 on ground (no survivors), Location: The Pentagon, Arlington, Virginia, United States
- July 1, 2002: DHL Flight 611
Bashkirian Airlines Flight 2937, registration RA-85816, was a Tupolev Tu-154M passenger jet en route from Moscow, Russia, to Barcelona, Spain. DHL Flight 611, registration A9C-DHL, was a Boeing 757-23APF cargo jet flying from Bergamo, Italy, to Brussels, Belgium...
, Carrier: DHL AviationDHL Aviation is a division of DHL Express responsible for providing air transport capacity. It is not a airline but refers to several airlines owned, co-owned or chartered by DHL Express...
, Fatalities: 2 on board (no survivors), Approximate Location: Überlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
Specifications
|
757-200 |
757-200F |
757-300 |
| Cockpit crew |
Two (pilot and co-pilot) |
| Typical seating |
200 (2-class)
234 (1-class) |
N/A |
243 (2-class)
289 (1-class) |
| Length |
47.32 m (155 ft 3 in) |
54.47 m (178 ft 7 in) |
| Wingspan |
38.05 m (124 ft 10 in) |
| Tail height |
13.56 m (44 ft 6 in) |
| Wing area |
181.25 m² (1,951 sq ft) |
| Wing sweepback |
25° |
| Wing aspect ratio |
7.8 |
| Wheelbase |
18.29 m (60 ft) |
22.35 m (73 ft 4 in) |
| Cabin width |
3.54 m (11 ft 7 in) |
| Cabin length |
36.09 m (118 ft 5 in) |
43.21 m (141 ft 8 in) |
| Max. take-off weight (MTOW) |
115,680 kg
(255,000 lbThe pound or pound-mass is a unit of mass used in the imperial, United States customary and other systems of measurement...
) |
123,600 kg
(272,500 lb) |
| Take-off run at MTOW |
9,550 ft (2,911 m) |
9,600 ft (2,926 m) |
| Cruise speed |
MachMach number is the speed of an object moving through air, or any fluid substance, divided by the speed of sound as it is in that substance...
0.80 (530 mph, 458 knotsThe knot is a unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour, which is equal to exactly 1.852 km/h and approximately 1.151 mph. The abbreviation kn is preferred by American and Canadian maritime authorities, and by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; however, the...
, 850 km/h at cruise altitude, i.e. 35,000 ft or 10.66 km) |
| Range, loaded |
7,222 km (3,900 NMThe nautical mile is a unit of length corresponding approximately to one minute of arc of latitude along any meridian....
)
-200WL: 7,600 km (4,100 NM) |
5,834 km (3,150 NM) |
6,421 km (3,467 NM) |
| Max. fuel |
43,490 L (11,489 US galA gallon is a measure of volume of approximately four litres. Historically it has had many different definitions, but there are three definitions in current use. These are the U.S. liquid gallon and the lesser used U.S...
) |
42,680 L (11,276 US gal) |
43,400 L (11,466 US gal) |
| Service ceiling |
12,800 m (42,000 ft) |
| Engines (2×) |
Rolls-Royce RB211The Rolls-Royce RB211 is a family of high-bypass turbofan engines made by Rolls-Royce plc and capable of generating 37,400 to 60,600 pounds-force thrust...
, Pratt & Whitney PW2037The Pratt & Whitney PW2000 is a series of high-bypass turbofan aero engines with a thrust range from 37,000 to 43,000 lbf . Built by Pratt & Whitney, they were designed for the Boeing 757. As a 757 powerplant, these engines compete with the RB211-535.-Designe and development:The first PW2000 series...
, PW2040The Pratt & Whitney PW2000 is a series of high-bypass turbofan aero engines with a thrust range from 37,000 to 43,000 lbf . Built by Pratt & Whitney, they were designed for the Boeing 757. As a 757 powerplant, these engines compete with the RB211-535.-Designe and development:The first PW2000 series...
, or PW2043The Pratt & Whitney PW2000 is a series of high-bypass turbofan aero engines with a thrust range from 37,000 to 43,000 lbf . Built by Pratt & Whitney, they were designed for the Boeing 757. As a 757 powerplant, these engines compete with the RB211-535.-Designe and development:The first PW2000 series...
turbofan engines
rated at 36,600 lbfThe pound-force or simply pound is a unit of force.- Definitions :The pound-force is approximately equal to the gravitational force exerted on a mass of one avoirdupois pound on the surface of Earth...
(163 kN) to 43,500 lbf (193 kN) thrustThrust is a reaction force described quantitatively by Newton's second and third laws. When a system expels or accelerates mass in one direction the accelerated mass will cause a proportional but opposite force on that system.-Examples:...
each |
Source:
http://www.boeing.com/commercial/757family/pf/pf_200tech.html,
http://www.boeing.com/commercial/757family/pf/pf_200f_tech.html,
http://www.boeing.com/commercial/757family/pf/pf_300tech.html, and
http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/757.htm
Operators
Civilian
Military and government
- Head of State Air Transport Unit - Presidential Transport Tango 01
Agrupación Aérea Presidencial is the Head of State Air Transport Unit of Argentina.- Background :The Presidential Air Group is a small fleet of Argentine Air Force aircraft and helicopters for official use by the President, immediate family and senior government officials...
- Mexican Air Force
The Mexican Air Force is the aviation branch of the Mexican Army and depends on the National Defense Secretariat . According to the International Institute for Strategic Studies, it has 11,770 men, 107 combat aircraft and 71 armed helicopters, nevertheless, the global fleet is composed of more...
- Royal New Zealand Air Force
The Royal New Zealand Air Force is the air arm of the New Zealand Defence Force. It was formed from New Zealand components of the British Royal Air Force, becoming an independent force in 1923, although many RNZAF aircrew continued to serve in the Royal Air Force until the end of the 1940s...
- No. 40 Squadron RNZAF
No. 40 Squadron RNZAF is a transport squadron in the Royal New Zealand Air Force. It remains on active duty.- Origins :The squadron was formed in the south pacific in 1943 with Dakotas. It also used Lockheed Hudsons and Lockheed Lodestars during World War II...
- Saudi Ministry of Defence and Aviation
The Saudi Ministry of Defence and Aviation is responsible for the direction of the military of Saudi Arabia. The Ministry also has responsibility for the construction of civilian airports as well as military bases, and for Meteorology departments....
- United States Air Force
The United States Air Force is the aerial warfare branch of the U.S. armed forces and one of the American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947 - 80 P.L....
C-32The Boeing C-32 is a military passenger transportation version of the Boeing 757 for the United States Air Force. The C-32 provides transportation for United States leaders to locations around the world. The primary customers are the Vice President of the United States, using the distinctive call...
Orders and deliveries
| 2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
1997 |
1996 |
1995 |
1994 |
1993 |
1992 |
1991 |
| 7 |
0 |
37 |
43 |
18 |
50 |
44 |
59 |
13 |
12 |
33 |
35 |
50 |
| 1990 |
1989 |
1988 |
1987 |
1986 |
1985 |
1984 |
1983 |
1982 |
1981 |
1980 |
1979 |
1978 |
| 95 |
166 |
148 |
46 |
13 |
45 |
2 |
26 |
2 |
3 |
64 |
0 |
38 |
| 2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
1997 |
1996 |
1995 |
1994 |
| 2 |
11 |
14 |
29 |
45 |
45 |
67 |
54 |
46 |
42 |
43 |
69 |
| 1993 |
1992 |
1991 |
1990 |
1989 |
1988 |
1987 |
1986 |
1985 |
1984 |
1983 |
1982 |
| 71 |
99 |
80 |
77 |
51 |
48 |
40 |
35 |
36 |
18 |
25 |
2 |
See also
External links