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Crude birth rate is the natality or childbirth
Childbirth

Childbirth is the culmination of a human pregnancy or gestation period with the delivery of one or more newborn infants from a woman's uterus. The process of normal human childbirth is categorized in three stages of labour: the shortening and dilation of the cervix, descent and delivery of the infant, and delivery of the placenta.....
s per 1,000 people per year.

It can be represented by number of childbirths in that year, and p is the current population
Population

File:Population density.pngIn biology, a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular species; in sociology, a collection of human beings....
. This figure is combined with the crude death rate to produce the rate of natural population growth
Population growth

Population growth is the change in population over time, and can be quantified as the change in the number of individuals in a population using "per unit time" for measurement....
 (natural in that it does not take into account net migration).

, the average birth rate for the whole world is 20.3 per year per 1000 total population, which for a world population
World population

The world population is the total number of living humans on Earth at a given time. As of March 2009, the world's population is estimated to be about 6.76 1,000,000,000 ....
 of 6.5 billion comes to 134 million babies per year.

Another indicator of fertility is frequently used: the total fertility rate
Total Fertility Rate

The total fertility rate of a population is the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if she were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates through her lifetime, and she were to survive from birth through the end of her reproductive life....
 — average number of children born to each woman over the course of her life.






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Crude birth rate is the natality or childbirth
Childbirth

Childbirth is the culmination of a human pregnancy or gestation period with the delivery of one or more newborn infants from a woman's uterus. The process of normal human childbirth is categorized in three stages of labour: the shortening and dilation of the cervix, descent and delivery of the infant, and delivery of the placenta.....
s per 1,000 people per year.

It can be represented by number of childbirths in that year, and p is the current population
Population

File:Population density.pngIn biology, a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular species; in sociology, a collection of human beings....
. This figure is combined with the crude death rate to produce the rate of natural population growth
Population growth

Population growth is the change in population over time, and can be quantified as the change in the number of individuals in a population using "per unit time" for measurement....
 (natural in that it does not take into account net migration).

, the average birth rate for the whole world is 20.3 per year per 1000 total population, which for a world population
World population

The world population is the total number of living humans on Earth at a given time. As of March 2009, the world's population is estimated to be about 6.76 1,000,000,000 ....
 of 6.5 billion comes to 134 million babies per year.

Another indicator of fertility is frequently used: the total fertility rate
Total Fertility Rate

The total fertility rate of a population is the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if she were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates through her lifetime, and she were to survive from birth through the end of her reproductive life....
 — average number of children born to each woman over the course of her life. In general, the total fertility rate is a better indicator of (current) fertility rates because unlike the crude birth rate it is not affected by the age distribution of the population.

Fertility rates tend to be higher in less economically developed countries and lower in more economically developed countries.

The birth rate is an item of concern and policy for a number of national governments. Some, including those of Italy and Malaysia, seek to increase the national birth rate using measures such as financial incentives or provision of support services to new mothers. Conversely, others aim to reduce the birth rate. For example, China's One child policy; measures such as improved information about and availability of birth control have achieved similar results in countries such as Iran
Family planning in Iran

The Islamic Republic of Iran has a comprehensive and effective program of family planning. While Iran's population grew at a rate of more than 3%/year between 1956 and 1986, the growth rate began to decline in the late 1980s and early 1990s after the government initiated a major population control program....
.

Other methods of measuring birth rate


Birthratechart
* General fertility rate (GFR) – This measures the number of births per 1,000 women aged 15 to 44 or 15 to 49.

  • Standardised birth rate (SBR) – This compares the age-sex structure to a hypothetical standard population.


  • Total fertility rate
    Total Fertility Rate

    The total fertility rate of a population is the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if she were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates through her lifetime, and she were to survive from birth through the end of her reproductive life....
     (TFR) – The mean number of children a woman is expected to bear during her child-bearing years. It is also independent of the age-sex structure of the population.


  • Child to woman ratio – This measures the number of children below five to the number of women of child-bearing years (age 15 to 44). In the past, when there is no universal registration of births, this ratio is a relatively good indicator of fertility since it can be measure using data from the Census. However, high infant mortality rate would cause huge difference between child to woman ratio and general fertility rate (GFR).


Factors affecting birth rate

  • Pro-natalist
    Natalism

    Natalism or pro-birth is a belief that promotes human reproduction. The term is taken from the Latin adjective form for "birth," natalis....
     policies and Antinatalist
    Antinatalism

    Antinatalism is the philosophy position that asserts a negative value judgment towards birth. It has been advanced by figures such as Arthur Schopenhauer, Brother Theodore and David Benatar....
     policies from government
  • Existing age-sex structure
    Population pyramid

    A population pyramid, also called age-sex pyramid and age structure diagram, is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population , which normally forms the shape of a pyramid....
  • Availability of family planning
    Family planning

    Family planning is people Planning when to have children, and the use of birth control and other techniques to implement such plans. Other techniques commonly used include sex education, prevention and management of sexually transmitted disease, pre-conception counseling and pregnancy#management , and infertility....
     services
  • Social and religious beliefs - especially in relation to contraception and abortion
    Abortion

    An abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by the removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus from the uterus, resulting in or caused by its death....
  • Female literacy
    Literacy

    The traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to read and write, or the ability to use language to Reading , Writing, Listening, and Speech communication....
     levels
  • Economic prosperity
    Measures of national income and output

    A variety of measures of national income and output are used in economics to estimate total economic activity in a country or region, including Gross Domestic Product , Gross National Product , and Net National Income ....
     (although in theory when the economy is doing well families can afford to have more children in practice the higher the economic prosperity the lower the birth rate).
  • Poverty
    Poverty

    Poverty is the shortage of common things such as food, clothing, shelter and safe drinking water, all of which determine our quality of life. It may also include the lack of access to opportunities such as education and employment which aid the escape from poverty and/or allow one to enjoy the respect of fellow citizens....
     levels – Children can be seen as an economic resource in developing countries as they can earn money.
  • Infant Mortality
    Infant mortality

    Infant mortality is defined as the number of deaths of infants per 1000 live births. The most common cause of infant mortality worldwide has traditionally been dehydration from diarrhea....
     Rate – A family may have more children if a country's IMR is high as it is likely some of those children will die.
  • Urbanization
    Urbanization

    Urbanization is the physical growth of rural or natural land into urban areas as a result of population im-migration to an existing urban area....
  • Typical age of marriage
  • Pension
    Pension

    In general, a pension is an arrangement to provide people with an income when they are no longer earning a regular income from employment.The terms retirement plan or superannuation refer to a pension granted upon retirement ....
     availability
  • Conflict
    Conflict

    Conflict is a part of discord caused by the actual or perceived opposition of needs, Value s and interests. A conflict can be internal or external ....


See also

  • Death rate
  • List of countries by birth rate
    List of countries by birth rate

    This article includes two versions of the list of countries by crude birth rate. Crude birth rate refers to the number of births over a given period divided by the person-years lived by the population over that period....
  • List of countries by fertility rate
    List of countries and territories by fertility rate

    This page consists of two tables. Table 1 is sourced from the . It is a list of list of countries by fertility rate: the expected number of children born per woman in her child-bearing years, based on 2008 age-specific fertility rate data....
  • Optimum Population Trust
    Optimum Population Trust

    The Optimum Population Trust is a registered United Kingdom charity, think tank and campaign group concerned with the impact of population growth on the natural environment....
  • Population ageing
    Population ageing

    Population ageing or population aging occurs when the median age of a country or region rises. With the exception of 18 countries termed by the United Nations 'demographic outliers' this process is taking place in every country and region across the globe....
  • Total fertility rate
    Total Fertility Rate

    The total fertility rate of a population is the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if she were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates through her lifetime, and she were to survive from birth through the end of her reproductive life....
  • Aging of Europe
    Aging of Europe

    The ageing of Europe, also known as the greying of Europe, is a social phenomenon in Europe characterized by a decrease in Fertility rate, an increase in mortality rate, and a higher life expectancy....
  • Aging of Japan
    Aging of Japan

    The aging of Japan outweighs all other nations with the highest proportion of elderly citizens, 21% over the age of 65.This demographic group increased from 26.5 million in 2006 to 27.4 million in 2007, a 0.7% increase....


External links

  • [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2054.html CIA World Factbook Birth Rate List by Rank]