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"Benzoin" is also used to describe benzoin resin
Benzoin resin

Benzoin resin or styrax resin is a balsamic resin obtained from the bark of several species of trees in the genus Styrax. It is used in perfumes, some kinds of incense, and medicine ....
, which does not contain the benzoin described on this page.


Benzoin or 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetophenone or 2-Hydroxy-1,2-Diphenylethanone or desyl alcohol or bitter almond oil camphor is an organic compound
Organic compound

An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of compounds such as carbonates, simple oxides of carbon and cyanides, as well as the allotropes of carbon, are considered Inorganic compound....
 consisting of an ethylene bridge flanked by phenyl groups and with a hydroxyl
Hydroxyl

Hydroxyl in chemistry stands for a molecule consisting of an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom connected by a covalent bond. The neutral form is a hydroxyl Radical and the hydroxyl anion is called a hydroxide....
 and a ketone
Ketone

In organic chemistry, a ketone is a type of organic compound which contains a carbonyl group bonded to two other carbon atoms in the form:Neither of the substituents R1 and R2 may be equal to hydrogen ....
 functional group
Functional group

In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules....
. It comes as off-white crystals, with a light camphor
Camphor

Camphor is a waxy, white or transparent solid with a strong, aromatic odor. It is a terpenoid with the chemical formula carbon10hydrogen16oxygen....
 odor.






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"Benzoin" is also used to describe benzoin resin
Benzoin resin

Benzoin resin or styrax resin is a balsamic resin obtained from the bark of several species of trees in the genus Styrax. It is used in perfumes, some kinds of incense, and medicine ....
, which does not contain the benzoin described on this page.


Benzoin or 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetophenone or 2-Hydroxy-1,2-Diphenylethanone or desyl alcohol or bitter almond oil camphor is an organic compound
Organic compound

An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of compounds such as carbonates, simple oxides of carbon and cyanides, as well as the allotropes of carbon, are considered Inorganic compound....
 consisting of an ethylene bridge flanked by phenyl groups and with a hydroxyl
Hydroxyl

Hydroxyl in chemistry stands for a molecule consisting of an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom connected by a covalent bond. The neutral form is a hydroxyl Radical and the hydroxyl anion is called a hydroxide....
 and a ketone
Ketone

In organic chemistry, a ketone is a type of organic compound which contains a carbonyl group bonded to two other carbon atoms in the form:Neither of the substituents R1 and R2 may be equal to hydrogen ....
 functional group
Functional group

In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules....
. It comes as off-white crystals, with a light camphor
Camphor

Camphor is a waxy, white or transparent solid with a strong, aromatic odor. It is a terpenoid with the chemical formula carbon10hydrogen16oxygen....
 odor. Benzoin is synthesized from benzaldehyde
Benzaldehyde

Benzaldehyde is a chemical compound consisting of a benzene ring with an aldehyde substituent. It is the simplest representative of the aromatic aldehydes and one of the most industrially used members of this family of compounds....
 in the benzoin condensation
Benzoin condensation

The benzoin condensation is a condensation reaction between two aromatic aldehydes, particularly benzaldehyde. The reaction is catalysis by a nucleophile such as the cyanide anion or an persistent carbene....
.

Its main uses are:
  • photocatalyst in photopolymerization and a photoinitiator
  • raw material for benzil
    Benzil

    Benzil is the organic compound with the formula 2, generally abbreviated 2. This diketone is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis....
     by organic oxidation with nitric acid
    Nitric acid

    Nitric acid , also known as aqua fortis and spirit of nitre, is a highly corrosion and toxic strong acid that can cause severe burns....
     or oxone. In one study, this reaction is carried out with atmospheric oxygen and basic alumina in dichloromethane
    Dichloromethane

    Dichloromethane or methylene chloride is the chemical compound with the chemical formula CarbonHydrogen2Chlorine2....
    .


Benzoin is not a constituent of benzoin resin
Benzoin resin

Benzoin resin or styrax resin is a balsamic resin obtained from the bark of several species of trees in the genus Styrax. It is used in perfumes, some kinds of incense, and medicine ....
 obtained from the benzoin tree
Styrax

Styrax is a genus of about 130 species of large shrubs or small trees in the family Styracaceae, mostly native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with the majority in eastern and southeastern Asia, but also crossing the equator in South America....
 (Styrax) or tincture of benzoin
Tincture of benzoin

Tincture of benzoin is a pungent solution of benzoin resin in alcohol. A similar preparation called Friar's Balsam or Compound Benzoin Tincture contains, in addition, aloe and storax ....
. The main component in these natural products is benzoic acid
Benzoic acid

Benzoic acid, C7H6O2 , is a colorless crystalline solid and the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. The name derived from gum benzoin, which was for a long time the only source for benzoic acid....
.

History

Benzoin was first synthesized in 1832 by Justus von Liebig
Justus von Liebig

Justus von Liebig was a German chemist who made major contributions to agriculture and biology chemistry, and worked on the organization of organic chemistry....
 and Friedrich Woehler during their research on oil of bitter almond, which is benzaldehyde
Benzaldehyde

Benzaldehyde is a chemical compound consisting of a benzene ring with an aldehyde substituent. It is the simplest representative of the aromatic aldehydes and one of the most industrially used members of this family of compounds....
 with traces of hydrocyanic acid. The catalytic synthesis by the benzoin condensation
Benzoin condensation

The benzoin condensation is a condensation reaction between two aromatic aldehydes, particularly benzaldehyde. The reaction is catalysis by a nucleophile such as the cyanide anion or an persistent carbene....
 was improved by the research of Nikolay Zinin
Nikolay Zinin

Nikolay Nikolaevich Zinin was a Russian Organic chemistry....
 during his time with Liebig.