Banjarese architecture
Encyclopedia
This article is about the architecture features of Banjar people
of South Kalimantan
, Indonesia
.
There are several types of traditional houses of the Banjarese:
Traditional Architecture of Religious Structures:
Rumah Bubungan Tinggi or Rumah Banjar or Rumah Ba-anjung is the most iconic type of house in South Kalimantan. In the old kingdom time, this house is the core building in a complex of a palace. This particular house is where the King and his family would reside.
Since 1850, there are various building around it with their own respective functions.
The name "Bubungan Tinggi" refers to its sharp roof (45 degrees steep).
This type of house became so popular, that people out of the royalty also took interest in building it. Hence, there are houses with this type of architecture all over South Kalimantan, and even crossing the borders of Central Kalimantan and East Kalimantan. This type of house, of course, took more money than the usual house, so it was naturally the house of the rich.
Nowadays most Banjar people
have little interest in building Bubungan Tinggi. Beside the fact that it takes a lot of money to build, people nowadays prefer the "modern" type of house.
Its cultural values, however, are still appreciated. It is the main figure in both South Kalimantan
and Banjarmasin
's coat of arms. Many of the modern governmental buildings are built with its traits.
Rumah Gajah Manyusu is a type of traditional house of Banjar people
in South Kalimantan
, Indonesia
. In the old kingdom times, this type of house is the house of the nobles ("Pagustian", the ones who bore the title of "Gusti").
Balai Laki is a type of traditional house of the Banjar people
in their homeland South Kalimantan
, Indonesia
. In the time of the old kingdom, this house was a part of the palace complex. Rumah Balai Laki was the house for officials such as the ministers.
Balai Bini is a type of traditional house of the Banjar people
in their homeland South Kalimantan
, Indonesia
. In the past kingdom time, this house was a part of the palace complex. Balai Bini was the house of the ladies of the court, such as the princesses and nannies.
Rumah Palimasan is a type of traditional house of the Banjar people
in their homeland in South Kalimantan
, Indonesia
. The feature of this house is its "shield roof". In the old kingdom time, it is a part of the palace complex. Its function in the complex was to be used as a treasury.
You can still see old houses with this style in South Kalimantan, but they are usually not in a very good condition.
Rumah Anjung Surung is a type of traditional house of the Banjar people
in their homeland South Kalimantan
, Indonesia
. This is the type of house of commoners. The shape of this house if seen from above is the shape of a cross(+), that is why it is also known as Rumah Cacak Burung.
Rumah Lanting is a type of traditional house of Banjar people
in South Kalimantan
, Indonesia
. The foundation of this house is raft which floats on the rivers of South Kalimantan. This raft is made from big logs of wood.
Rumah Joglo Gudang or Rumah Bulat is a type of traditional house of the Banjar people
in their homeland South Kalimantan
, Indonesia
. This type of house has the roof that is similar to Javanese-style house, Joglo, hence the name. While the name “Gudang” (which means "storehouse) was given because the lower part of the house is usually used to store things. This feature makes this type of house is the preferred style of the Chinese-ethnicity who lives in South Kalimantan.
Banjar people
The Banjar are a coastal, native ethnic group that settled in Tanah Laut and Banjarmasin in the south and in Hulu Sungai in the north of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, the second largest city on the island of Borneo. Several centuries ago, some of them had travelled to many places in the Malay...
of South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan/South Borneo is one of the thirty-three Provinces of Indonesia and one of four Indonesian provinces in the Indonesian part of Borneo. The provincial capital is Banjarmasin...
, Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
.
There are several types of traditional houses of the Banjarese:
- Bubungan Tinggi
- Gajah Baliku
- Gajah Manyusu
- Balai Laki
- Balai Bini
- Palimbangan
- Palimasan (Rumah Gajah)
- Anjung Surung (Rumah Cacak Burung)
- Tadah Alas
- Rumah Lanting
- Joglo Gudang
- Bangun Gudang
Traditional Architecture of Religious Structures:
- Candi Laras
- Candi Agung
- Masjid Sultan Suriansyah
Bubungan Tinggi
Since 1850, there are various building around it with their own respective functions.
The name "Bubungan Tinggi" refers to its sharp roof (45 degrees steep).
This type of house became so popular, that people out of the royalty also took interest in building it. Hence, there are houses with this type of architecture all over South Kalimantan, and even crossing the borders of Central Kalimantan and East Kalimantan. This type of house, of course, took more money than the usual house, so it was naturally the house of the rich.
Nowadays most Banjar people
Banjar people
The Banjar are a coastal, native ethnic group that settled in Tanah Laut and Banjarmasin in the south and in Hulu Sungai in the north of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, the second largest city on the island of Borneo. Several centuries ago, some of them had travelled to many places in the Malay...
have little interest in building Bubungan Tinggi. Beside the fact that it takes a lot of money to build, people nowadays prefer the "modern" type of house.
Its cultural values, however, are still appreciated. It is the main figure in both South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan/South Borneo is one of the thirty-three Provinces of Indonesia and one of four Indonesian provinces in the Indonesian part of Borneo. The provincial capital is Banjarmasin...
and Banjarmasin
Banjarmasin
Banjarmasin is the capital of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. It is located on a delta island near the junction of the Barito and Martapura rivers. As a result, Banjarmasin is sometimes called the "River City"...
's coat of arms. Many of the modern governmental buildings are built with its traits.
Gajah Baliku
Rumah Gajah Baliku is the traditional type of house of the Banjar people. In the old kingdom time, Gajah Baliku was a part of the palace complex. This particular style of house was intended for the closest relatives of the ruler.Gajah Manyusu
Banjar people
The Banjar are a coastal, native ethnic group that settled in Tanah Laut and Banjarmasin in the south and in Hulu Sungai in the north of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, the second largest city on the island of Borneo. Several centuries ago, some of them had travelled to many places in the Malay...
in South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan/South Borneo is one of the thirty-three Provinces of Indonesia and one of four Indonesian provinces in the Indonesian part of Borneo. The provincial capital is Banjarmasin...
, Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. In the old kingdom times, this type of house is the house of the nobles ("Pagustian", the ones who bore the title of "Gusti").
Balai Laki
Banjar people
The Banjar are a coastal, native ethnic group that settled in Tanah Laut and Banjarmasin in the south and in Hulu Sungai in the north of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, the second largest city on the island of Borneo. Several centuries ago, some of them had travelled to many places in the Malay...
in their homeland South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan/South Borneo is one of the thirty-three Provinces of Indonesia and one of four Indonesian provinces in the Indonesian part of Borneo. The provincial capital is Banjarmasin...
, Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. In the time of the old kingdom, this house was a part of the palace complex. Rumah Balai Laki was the house for officials such as the ministers.
Balai Bini
Banjar people
The Banjar are a coastal, native ethnic group that settled in Tanah Laut and Banjarmasin in the south and in Hulu Sungai in the north of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, the second largest city on the island of Borneo. Several centuries ago, some of them had travelled to many places in the Malay...
in their homeland South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan/South Borneo is one of the thirty-three Provinces of Indonesia and one of four Indonesian provinces in the Indonesian part of Borneo. The provincial capital is Banjarmasin...
, Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. In the past kingdom time, this house was a part of the palace complex. Balai Bini was the house of the ladies of the court, such as the princesses and nannies.
Palimbangan
Rumah Palimbangan is a type of traditional house of the Banjar people in their homeland South Kalimantan, Indonesia. In the time of the old kingdom, this house was a part of the palace complex. Palimbangan was the house for high clerics and big merchants.Palimasan (Rumah Gajah)
Banjar people
The Banjar are a coastal, native ethnic group that settled in Tanah Laut and Banjarmasin in the south and in Hulu Sungai in the north of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, the second largest city on the island of Borneo. Several centuries ago, some of them had travelled to many places in the Malay...
in their homeland in South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan/South Borneo is one of the thirty-three Provinces of Indonesia and one of four Indonesian provinces in the Indonesian part of Borneo. The provincial capital is Banjarmasin...
, Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. The feature of this house is its "shield roof". In the old kingdom time, it is a part of the palace complex. Its function in the complex was to be used as a treasury.
You can still see old houses with this style in South Kalimantan, but they are usually not in a very good condition.
Anjung Surung (Rumah Cacak Burung)
Banjar people
The Banjar are a coastal, native ethnic group that settled in Tanah Laut and Banjarmasin in the south and in Hulu Sungai in the north of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, the second largest city on the island of Borneo. Several centuries ago, some of them had travelled to many places in the Malay...
in their homeland South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan/South Borneo is one of the thirty-three Provinces of Indonesia and one of four Indonesian provinces in the Indonesian part of Borneo. The provincial capital is Banjarmasin...
, Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. This is the type of house of commoners. The shape of this house if seen from above is the shape of a cross(+), that is why it is also known as Rumah Cacak Burung.
Rumah Lanting
Banjar people
The Banjar are a coastal, native ethnic group that settled in Tanah Laut and Banjarmasin in the south and in Hulu Sungai in the north of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, the second largest city on the island of Borneo. Several centuries ago, some of them had travelled to many places in the Malay...
in South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan/South Borneo is one of the thirty-three Provinces of Indonesia and one of four Indonesian provinces in the Indonesian part of Borneo. The provincial capital is Banjarmasin...
, Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. The foundation of this house is raft which floats on the rivers of South Kalimantan. This raft is made from big logs of wood.
Joglo Gudang
Banjar people
The Banjar are a coastal, native ethnic group that settled in Tanah Laut and Banjarmasin in the south and in Hulu Sungai in the north of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, the second largest city on the island of Borneo. Several centuries ago, some of them had travelled to many places in the Malay...
in their homeland South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan/South Borneo is one of the thirty-three Provinces of Indonesia and one of four Indonesian provinces in the Indonesian part of Borneo. The provincial capital is Banjarmasin...
, Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. This type of house has the roof that is similar to Javanese-style house, Joglo, hence the name. While the name “Gudang” (which means "storehouse) was given because the lower part of the house is usually used to store things. This feature makes this type of house is the preferred style of the Chinese-ethnicity who lives in South Kalimantan.