Aragonese language literature
Encyclopedia
This article refers to the Aragonese language
literature of Spain. It includes Aragonese poetry, prose and novels. For Aragonese literature in Spanish, see Spanish literature
.
Aragonese language hasn't got the prestige that other Iberian Romance languages have had throughout its history.
(11th century) are the first written testimony in Basque
and Aragonese languages. This is known from their found but it is said that they are written in Spanish. This text has a lot of Aragonese language features like the article o, a; the diphtongation of duenno, nuestro, sieculo, get (ye) and vocabulary like honore, aiutorio...
From the 11th century all Aragonese documents were written in Latin with Romance features, but we have to wait until the second part of the 13th century to see the generalization of the use of Aragonese language in all documents, later date than in Castile or Occitania. From this century there are a lot of works written in Aragonese mixtured with Spanish like Razón feita d'amor, Lo Libre dels Tres Reys d'Orient or Bida de Santa María Egipciaca. We still have some Aragonese epics texts like Cantar d'a Campana de Uesca. Prose works show better Medieval Aragonese: os Diez Mandamientos, Romance versions of Fueros d'Aragón; the first examples of History texts in Aragonese like Liber Regnum.
In the 14th century, it's important Johan Ferrández d'Heredia, Knights Hospitaller
's Gran Master
, who translates some works into Aragonese in Avignon and he made this language a language of culture. Other people like Johan de Balbastro or Johan de Tudela also made translations into Aragonese, for example, they trasnlated Zeremonial de Consagrazión y Coronazión d'os reis d'Aragón, a Cronica de San Chuan d'a Peña, o Libro del Trasoro, o Libro de Marabiellas d'o Mundo and more works. This second half of the 14th century was the Golden Age of Medieval Aragonese.
Since Fernando I of Trastamara Spanish replaced Aragonese as cultural language in Aragon as a castilianization process that ends in the 15th century. From that century we don't have any texts left: only an Eximén Aznariz's poem, a book of refrains called Romancea Porverbiorum and a few poems in some Aragonese protocols.
From the 15th century it was developed a special singularity in this languae literature: Aljamiado
in which Aragonese features could stand Spanish influence until their disappearance in 1610.
Aragonese language, converted in a rural language, and cornered in the Pyrenees
, will adopted a popular character. 16th century was a dark century: we only have aljamiado. In the 17th century will appear some writers that will use this language to characterize popular characters: for example, Ana Abarca de Bolea (Casbas' Abbess) will use Semontano Aragonese in some poems. In a literary competition held at Huesca
in 1650, Matías Pradas, Isabel de Rosas and "Fileno, montañés" will participated with works written in Aragonese. From the 17th and 18th century we have "pastoradas" were the repatán will talk in Aragonese.
The 19th and 20th centuries will see the reborn os Aragonese literature, but its condition of minority language
and without a standard reference will do the writers to write about their own topics, mainly parochial
, in their own Aragonese dialectal variety. Thus, in 1844 appears in Almudébar Aragonese the novel Vida de Pedro Saputo, written by Braulio Foz. In the 20th century features: in Cheso Aragonese, Domingo Miral's comedies of manners and Veremundo Méndez poetry; in Ribagorçan
Graus
dialect
, the popular writings of Tonón de Baldomera and the verses of Cleto Torrodellas; in Semontano Aragonese, Pedro Arnal Cavero's comedies of manners and the popular Juana Coscujuela novel, A Lueca, istoria d'una mozeta d'o Semontano.
After Franco's dictatorship, Aragonese literature was revitalized and now follows the standard model. In 1977, Francho Nagore Laín wrote the first grammar of the Aragonese Language. In 1972 Ánchel Conte published the poetry collection called "No deixez morir a mía boz". Eduardo Vicente de Vera published "Garba y augua" (1976) and "Do s'amorta l'alba", 1977. Years later the number of authors in Aragonese standard language grew (Francho Rodés, Chusé Inazio Nabarro, Miguel Santolaria, Fernando Romanos, Chusé Raul Usón
, Josep Carles Laínez, Carlos Diest, Óscar Latas, Roberto Cortés Alonso, Ana Giménez, Carmina Paraíso Santolaria,...) as well as other authors in various local Aragonese dialects (Nieus Luzía Dueso or Quino Villa in Chistau dialect
; Rosario Ustáriz, Mariví Nicolás or Pepe Lera in Cheso Aragonese,
Ricardo Mur, Chusé María Satué and Maximo Palacio Alto Galligo Aragonese, Chuana Coscujuela in Semontano Aragonese or Chusé María Ferrer, Ana Tena, Toni Collada, Pablo Recio, Elena Chazal u Carmen Castán's works in Ribagorçan
Graus
dialect
. In addition, competitions that promote literary creativity in the Aragonese language have come to fruition including events such as the Premio Literario Billa de Sietemo and Premio de Relatos "Luis del Val".
Aragonese language
Aragonese is a Romance language now spoken in a number of local varieties by between 10,000 and 30,000 people over the valleys of the Aragón River, Sobrarbe and Ribagorza in Aragon, Spain...
literature of Spain. It includes Aragonese poetry, prose and novels. For Aragonese literature in Spanish, see Spanish literature
Spanish literature
Spanish literature generally refers to literature written in the Spanish language within the territory that presently constitutes the state of Spain...
.
Aragonese language hasn't got the prestige that other Iberian Romance languages have had throughout its history.
Medieval Ages Aragonese literature
The Glosas EmilianensesGlosas Emilianenses
The Glosas Emilianenses are glosses written in a Latin codex. These marginalia are important as early examples of writing in Basque and a form of Spanish...
(11th century) are the first written testimony in Basque
Basque language
Basque is the ancestral language of the Basque people, who inhabit the Basque Country, a region spanning an area in northeastern Spain and southwestern France. It is spoken by 25.7% of Basques in all territories...
and Aragonese languages. This is known from their found but it is said that they are written in Spanish. This text has a lot of Aragonese language features like the article o, a; the diphtongation of duenno, nuestro, sieculo, get (ye) and vocabulary like honore, aiutorio...
From the 11th century all Aragonese documents were written in Latin with Romance features, but we have to wait until the second part of the 13th century to see the generalization of the use of Aragonese language in all documents, later date than in Castile or Occitania. From this century there are a lot of works written in Aragonese mixtured with Spanish like Razón feita d'amor, Lo Libre dels Tres Reys d'Orient or Bida de Santa María Egipciaca. We still have some Aragonese epics texts like Cantar d'a Campana de Uesca. Prose works show better Medieval Aragonese: os Diez Mandamientos, Romance versions of Fueros d'Aragón; the first examples of History texts in Aragonese like Liber Regnum.
In the 14th century, it's important Johan Ferrández d'Heredia, Knights Hospitaller
Knights Hospitaller
The Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta , also known as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta , Order of Malta or Knights of Malta, is a Roman Catholic lay religious order, traditionally of military, chivalrous, noble nature. It is the world's...
's Gran Master
Grand Master (order)
Grand Master is the typical title of the supreme head of various orders of knighthood, including various military orders, religious orders and civil orders such as the Ancient Order of Hibernians and the Orange Order...
, who translates some works into Aragonese in Avignon and he made this language a language of culture. Other people like Johan de Balbastro or Johan de Tudela also made translations into Aragonese, for example, they trasnlated Zeremonial de Consagrazión y Coronazión d'os reis d'Aragón, a Cronica de San Chuan d'a Peña, o Libro del Trasoro, o Libro de Marabiellas d'o Mundo and more works. This second half of the 14th century was the Golden Age of Medieval Aragonese.
Since Fernando I of Trastamara Spanish replaced Aragonese as cultural language in Aragon as a castilianization process that ends in the 15th century. From that century we don't have any texts left: only an Eximén Aznariz's poem, a book of refrains called Romancea Porverbiorum and a few poems in some Aragonese protocols.
From the 15th century it was developed a special singularity in this languae literature: Aljamiado
Aljamiado
Aljamiado or Aljamía texts are manuscripts which use the Arabic script for transcribing Romance languages such as Mozarabic, Berber Spanish or Ladino.According to Anwar G...
in which Aragonese features could stand Spanish influence until their disappearance in 1610.
Aragonese literature in the Modern Ages
Since 1500, Spanish has been the language of culture in Aragon: many Aragonese have highlights writing in that language, and in 17th century Argensola brothers said they were going to Castile in order to teach them Castilian.Aragonese language, converted in a rural language, and cornered in the Pyrenees
Pyrenees
The Pyrenees is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural border between France and Spain...
, will adopted a popular character. 16th century was a dark century: we only have aljamiado. In the 17th century will appear some writers that will use this language to characterize popular characters: for example, Ana Abarca de Bolea (Casbas' Abbess) will use Semontano Aragonese in some poems. In a literary competition held at Huesca
Huesca
Huesca is a city in north-eastern Spain, within the autonomous community of Aragon. It is also the capital of the Spanish province of the same name and the comarca of Hoya de Huesca....
in 1650, Matías Pradas, Isabel de Rosas and "Fileno, montañés" will participated with works written in Aragonese. From the 17th and 18th century we have "pastoradas" were the repatán will talk in Aragonese.
The 19th and 20th centuries will see the reborn os Aragonese literature, but its condition of minority language
Minority language
A minority language is a language spoken by a minority of the population of a territory. Such people are termed linguistic minorities or language minorities.-International politics:...
and without a standard reference will do the writers to write about their own topics, mainly parochial
Parochialism
Parochialism means being provincial, being narrow in scope, or considering only small sections of an issue. It may, particularly when used pejoratively, be contrasted to universalism....
, in their own Aragonese dialectal variety. Thus, in 1844 appears in Almudébar Aragonese the novel Vida de Pedro Saputo, written by Braulio Foz. In the 20th century features: in Cheso Aragonese, Domingo Miral's comedies of manners and Veremundo Méndez poetry; in Ribagorçan
Ribagorçan
Ribagorçan is the name given to a number of Romance dialects spoken in the modern territories of the medieval County of Ribagorza, in northern Spain...
Graus
Graus
Graus is a village in the Spanish province of Huesca, located in the Pyrenees at the confluence of rivers Esera and Isabena. It is the administrative capital of the region. It is one of the areas of Aragon in which is still preserved the Aragonese language....
dialect
Dialect
The term dialect is used in two distinct ways, even by linguists. One usage refers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors,...
, the popular writings of Tonón de Baldomera and the verses of Cleto Torrodellas; in Semontano Aragonese, Pedro Arnal Cavero's comedies of manners and the popular Juana Coscujuela novel, A Lueca, istoria d'una mozeta d'o Semontano.
After Franco's dictatorship, Aragonese literature was revitalized and now follows the standard model. In 1977, Francho Nagore Laín wrote the first grammar of the Aragonese Language. In 1972 Ánchel Conte published the poetry collection called "No deixez morir a mía boz". Eduardo Vicente de Vera published "Garba y augua" (1976) and "Do s'amorta l'alba", 1977. Years later the number of authors in Aragonese standard language grew (Francho Rodés, Chusé Inazio Nabarro, Miguel Santolaria, Fernando Romanos, Chusé Raul Usón
Chusé Raúl Usón
Chusé Raúl Usón Serrano , born in 1966 in Zaragoza, is a publisher and a Spanish writer in the Aragonese language.- References :* profile at Xordica* , profile at Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa...
, Josep Carles Laínez, Carlos Diest, Óscar Latas, Roberto Cortés Alonso, Ana Giménez, Carmina Paraíso Santolaria,...) as well as other authors in various local Aragonese dialects (Nieus Luzía Dueso or Quino Villa in Chistau dialect
Dialect
The term dialect is used in two distinct ways, even by linguists. One usage refers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors,...
; Rosario Ustáriz, Mariví Nicolás or Pepe Lera in Cheso Aragonese,
Ricardo Mur, Chusé María Satué and Maximo Palacio Alto Galligo Aragonese, Chuana Coscujuela in Semontano Aragonese or Chusé María Ferrer, Ana Tena, Toni Collada, Pablo Recio, Elena Chazal u Carmen Castán's works in Ribagorçan
Ribagorçan
Ribagorçan is the name given to a number of Romance dialects spoken in the modern territories of the medieval County of Ribagorza, in northern Spain...
Graus
Graus
Graus is a village in the Spanish province of Huesca, located in the Pyrenees at the confluence of rivers Esera and Isabena. It is the administrative capital of the region. It is one of the areas of Aragon in which is still preserved the Aragonese language....
dialect
Dialect
The term dialect is used in two distinct ways, even by linguists. One usage refers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors,...
. In addition, competitions that promote literary creativity in the Aragonese language have come to fruition including events such as the Premio Literario Billa de Sietemo and Premio de Relatos "Luis del Val".