Antonio da Correggio

Antonio Da Correggio

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Antonio da Correggio

Antonio Allegri da Correggio (August 1489 – March 5, 1534) was the foremost painter of the Parma

Parma

Parma is a city in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna famous for its architecture and the fine countryside around it. It is the home of the University of Parma, one of the oldest universities in the world....
school of the Italian

Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
Renaissance

Renaissance

The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe....
, who was responsible for some of the most vigorous and sensuous works of the 16th century. In his use of dynamic composition, illusionistic perspective and dramatic foreshortening, Correggio prefigured the Rococo

Rococo

Rococo is a style of 18th century French art and interior design. Rococo rooms were designed as total works of art with elegant and ornate furniture, small sculptures, ornamental mirrors, and tapestry complementing architecture, reliefs, and wall paintings....
art of the 18th century.

Biography
Antonio Allegri was born in Correggio

Correggio, Italy

Correggio is a small town in the Province of Reggio Emilia, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy, in the Po River valley. As of 2007 Correggio had an estimated population of 23,108....
, a small town near Reggio Emilia

Reggio Emilia

Reggio Emilia is an affluent city of Northern Italy Italy, in the Emilia-Romagna region. It has about 167,013 inhabitants and is the main comune of the Province of Reggio Emilia....
.

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Biography

Antonio Allegri was born in Correggio

Correggio, Italy

Reggio Emilia

Reggio Emilia is an affluent city of Northern Italy Italy, in the Emilia-Romagna region. It has about 167,013 inhabitants and is the main comune of the Province of Reggio Emilia....
. His date of birth is uncertain (around 1489). His father was a merchant. Otherwise, little is known about Correggio's life or training. In the years 1503-1505 he apprenticed to Francesco Bianchi Ferrara of Modena

Modena

Modena is a city and a comune on the south side of the Padan Plain, in the Province of Modena in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy.An ancient town, it is the seat of an archbishop, but is now best known as "the capital of engines", since the factories of the famous Italian sports car makers Ferrari, De Tomaso, Lamborghini, Pagani and...
. Here he probably knew the classicism of artists like Lorenzo Costa

Lorenzo Costa

Lorenzo Costa was an Italy painter of the Renaissance. He was born at Ferrara, but moved to Bologna by the his early twenties, and would be more influential to the Bolognese School ....
and Francesco Francia, evidence of which can be found in his first works. After a trip to Mantua in 1506, he returned to Correggio, where he stayed until 1510. To this period is assigned the Adoration of the Child with St. Elizabeth and John, which shows clear influences from Costa and Mantegna. In 1514 he probably finished three tondo

Tondo

* Tondo, Manila a district of the Philippines* Tondo a circular painting or sculpture* Clovis L. Tondo is a co-author of The C Answer Book, the respective editions of which contain solutions for the problems listed in Kernighan and Ritchie's C Programming Language book editions....
s for the entrance of the church of Sant'Andrea in Mantua, and then returned to Correggio: here, as an independent and increasingly renowned artist, he signed a contract for the Madonna altarpiece in the local monastery of St. Francis (now in the Dresden Gemäldegalerie).

Works in Parma

By 1516, Correggio was in Parma, where he generally remained for the rest of his career. Here, he befriended Michelangelo Anselmi

Michelangelo Anselmi

Michelangelo Anselmi was an Italy Renaissance-Mannerism Painting active mostly in Parma.He was born, apparently in Tuscany, from a Parmesan family....
, a prominent Mannerist painter. In 1519 he married Girolama Francesca di Braghetis, also of Correggio, who died in 1529. One of his sons, Pomponio Allegri, became an undistinguished painter. From this period are the Madonna and Child with the Young Saint John, Christ Leaving His Mother and the lost Madonna of Albinea.

Correggio's first major commission (February-September of 1519) was the decoration ceiling of the private dining salon of the mother-superior (abbess Giovanna Piacenza) of the Convent of St Paul, called the Camera di San Paolo (Parma). Here he painted a delightful arbor pierced by oculi opening to glimpses of playful cherubs. Below the oculi are lunnetes with monochromic marble images. The fireplace is frescoed with an image of Diana. The iconography of the unit is complex, joining images of classical marbles to whimsical colorful bambini. While it recalls the secular frescoes of the pleasure palace of the Villa Farnesina

Villa Farnesina

Villa Farnesina is an artistically and architecturally influential Renaissance villa in Via della Lungara, in the central district of Trastevere in Rome....
in Rome, it is also a strikingly novel form of interior decoration.

He next painted the illusionistic Vision of St. John on Patmos
Vision of St. John on Patmos

The Vision of St. John the Evangelist at Patmos is a series of fresco by the Italian late Renaissance artist Antonio Allegri da Correggio. It occupies the interior of the dome, and the relative pendentives, of the Benedictine church of Parma#Main sights of Parma, Italy....
(1520-21) for the dome of the church of San Giovanni Evangelista

Parma

Cathedral of Parma

Parma Cathedral is a cathedral church in Parma, Emilia-Romagna . It is an important Italian Romanesque architecture cathedral, and the artist Correggio fresco is one of the masterpieces of Renaissance fresco work....
with a startling Assumption of the Virgin
Assumption of the Virgin (Correggio)

The Assumption of the Virgin depicts the Assumption of Mary. This highly influential fresco by the Italian Late Renaissance artist Antonio da Correggio decorates the dome of the Cathedral of Parma, Italy....
, crowded with layers of receding figures in Melozzo's perspective (from down to up). These two works would represent a highly novel treatment of dome decoration, using an illusionistic sotto in su perspective, and would exert a profound influence upon future fresco artists, from Carlo Cignani

Carlo Cignani

Carlo Cignani was an Italy painter of the Bolognese School school, active in the Baroque period.He was born to a noble family in Bologna, where he studied first under Battista Cairo and later under Francesco Albani, to whom he remained closely allied, and was his most famous disciple....
in his fresco Assumption of the Virgin, in the cathedral church of Forlì

Forlì

Forl? is a comune and city in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, famed as the birthplace of the great painter Melozzo da Forl?, of the Renaissance humanism historian Flavio Biondo, of the famous physicians Geronimo Mercuriali and Giovanni Battista Morgagni....
, to Gaudenzio Ferrari

Gaudenzio Ferrari

Gaudenzio Ferrari was a Northern Italy Painting and sculpture of the Renaissance....
in his frescoes for the cupola of Santa Maria dei Miracoli in Saronno

Saronno

Saronno is a comune of Lombardy, Italy, in the province of Varese.The place is well known for its apricot kernel biscuits and is also a manufacturing town....
, to Pordenone

Pordenone

Pordenone is a comune of Province of Pordenone of northeast Italy in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region.The name comes from the Latin "Portus Naonis" meaning the port on the river Noncello ...
in his now-lost fresco from Treviso

Treviso

Treviso is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy. It is the capital of Treviso province and the municipality has 81,627 inhabitants : some 3.000 live within the Venetian walls or in the historical and monumental center, some 80,000 live in the urban center proper, while the city hinterland has a population of approximately 170,000....
, and to the baroque elaborations of Lanfranco

Giovanni Lanfranco

Giovanni Lanfranco was an Italy painter of the Baroque period....
and Baciccio in Roman churches. The massing of spectators in a vortex, creating both narrative and decoration, the illusionistic obliteration of the architectural roof-plane, and thrusting perspective towards divine infinity, was a device without precedent, and which depended on the extrapolation of the mechanics of perspective. The recession and movement implied by the figures all presage the dynamism that would characterize baroque

Baroque

In the the arts, the Baroque was a Western cultural Epoch , starting roughly at the beginning of the 17th century in Rome, Italy. It was exemplified by drama and grandeur in Baroque sculpture, Baroque painting, literature, Baroque dance, and Baroque music....
painting.

Other masterpieces include The Lamentation and The Martyrdom of Four Saints , both at the Galleria Nazionale of Parma. The Lamentation is haunted by a lambence rarely seen in Italian painting prior to this time. The Martyrdom is also remarkable for resembling later Baroque

Baroque

In the the arts, the Baroque was a Western cultural Epoch , starting roughly at the beginning of the 17th century in Rome, Italy. It was exemplified by drama and grandeur in Baroque sculpture, Baroque painting, literature, Baroque dance, and Baroque music....
compositions such as Bernini's (Truth
Truth

semantic fields for the word truth extend from honesty, good faith, and sincerity in general, to agreement with fact or reality in particular....
) and Ercole Ferrata

Ercole Ferrata

Ercole Ferrata was an Italy sculpture of the Roman Baroque....
's (Death of Saint Agnes), showing a gleeful saint entering martyrdom.

Mythological series based on Ovid's Metamorphoses

Aside from his religious output, Correggio conceived a now-famous set of paintings depicting the Loves of Jupiter as described in Ovid

Ovid

Publius Ovidius Naso was a Roman Empire poet known as Ovid to the English language-speaking world, who wrote about love, seduction, and Roman mythology transformation....
's Metamorphoses
Metamorphoses (poem)

The Metamorphoses by the Ancient Rome poet Ovid is a Narrative poetry in fifteen books that describes the Creation myth and history of the world....
. The voluptuous series was commissioned by Federico II Gonzaga of Mantua, probably to decorate his private Ovid Room in the Palazzo Te. However, they were given to the visiting Holy Roman Emperor Charles V

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I of Spain, of the Spanish realms from 1516 until his abdication in 1556....
and thus left Italy within years of their completion.

Leda and the Swan, now in Staatliche Museen of Berlin

Berlin

Berlin is the Capital of Germany city and one of sixteen States of Germany of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million within its city limits, Berlin is the country's largest city....
, is a tumult of incidents: in the centre Leda straddles a swan, and on the right, a shy but satisfied maiden. Danaë, now in Rome's Borghese Gallery, depicts the maiden as she is impregnated by a curtain of gilded divine rain. Her lower torso semi-obscured by sheets, Danae appears more demure and gleeful than Titian

Titian

File:Tizian 090.jpg Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio, born 1473/1490 , died 27 August 1576, better known as Titian , was the leading painter of the 16th-century Venice school of the Italian Renaissance....
's 1545 version of the same topic, where the rain is more accurately numismatic. The picture once called Antiope and the Satyr is now correctly identified as Venus and Cupid with a Satyr
Venus and Cupid with a Satyr

Venus and Cupid with a Satyr is a painting by the Italian late Renaissance artist Antonio Allegri da Correggio. It is housed in the Mus?e du Louvre of Paris, France....
.

Ganymede Abducted by the Eagle depicts the young man aloft in literal amorous flight. Some have interpreted the conjunction of man and eagle as a metaphor for the evangelist John; however, given the erotic context of this and other paintings, this seems unlikely. This painting and its partner, the masterpiece of Jupiter and Io
Jupiter and Io

Jupiter and Io is a painting by the Italian late Renaissance artist Antonio Allegri da Correggio. It is housed in the Kunsthistorisches Museum of Vienna, Austria....
(reproduced above), are in Kunsthistorisches Museum

Kunsthistorisches Museum

The Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, housed in its festive palatial building on Ringstra?e, crowned with an octagonal dome, is one of the premier museums of fine arts and decorative arts in the world....
of Vienna

Vienna

Vienna is the Capital of Republic of Austria and also one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million...
.

Evaluation

Correggio was remembered by his contemporaries as a shadowy, melancholic and introverted character, traits possibly conditioned by his birth into a large and poor family.

Correggio is an enigmatic and eclectic artist, and it is not always possible to identify a stylistic link between his paintings. He appears to have emerged out of no major apprenticeship, and to have had little immediate influence in terms of apprenticed successors, but his works are now considered to have been revolutionary and influential on subsequent artists. A century after his death Correggio's work was well known to Vasari, who felt that he had not had enough "Roman" exposure to make him a better painter. In the 18th and 19th centuries, his works were often remembered in the diaries of foreign visitors to Italy, which led to a reevaluation of his art during the period of Romanticism

Romanticism

Romanticism is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Industrial Revolution....
. The flight of the Madonna in the vault of the cupola of the Cathedral of Parma inspired numerous scenographical decorations in lay and religious palaces during the 20th centuries.

Corregio's illusionistic experiments, in which imaginary spaces replace the natural reality, seem to prefigure many elements of Mannerist and Baroque

Baroque

In the the arts, the Baroque was a Western cultural Epoch , starting roughly at the beginning of the 17th century in Rome, Italy. It was exemplified by drama and grandeur in Baroque sculpture, Baroque painting, literature, Baroque dance, and Baroque music....
stylistic approaches. In other words, he appears to have fostered artistic grandchildren, despite having no direct disciples outside of Parma, where he was influential on the work of Giovanni Maria Francesco Rondani

Giovanni Maria Francesco Rondani

Giovanni Maria Francesco Rondani was an Italy Painting of the Parmesan school of painting. He was a near contemporary of Michelangelo Anselmi, and is known to have worked on designs of Antonio da Correggio for the frescoes in the Cappella del Bono of San Giovanni Evangelista in Parma....
, Parmigianino

Parmigianino

Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola , also known as Francesco Mazzola or more commonly as Parmigianino or sometimes "Parmigiano", was a prominent Italy Mannerism Painting and printmaker active in Florence, Rome, Bologna, and his native city of Parma....
, Bernardo Gatti, and Giorgio Gandini del Grano

Giorgio Gandini del Grano

Giorgio Gandini del Grano was a short-lived Italy Painting of the Parmesan school of Painting. He was selected in 1535 to complete decoration of the apse of the Duomo of Parma....
. His son, Pomponio Allegri became a painter.

In addition to the influence of Costa, there are echoes of Mantegna's style in his work, and a response to Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci was an Italy polymath, being a scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, Painting, sculptor, architect, botanist, musician and writer....
, as well.

Selected works

Judith and the Servant (around 1510) Oil on canvas - Musée des Beaux-Arts
Musée des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg

The Mus?e des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg is the old masters paintings collection of the city of Strasbourg, located in the Alsace region of France....
, Strasbourg
Strasbourg

Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace Regions of France in northeastern France. With 702,412 inhabitants in 2007, its metropolitan area is the Aire urbaine....
The Mystic Marriage of St. Catherine (1510-15) - National Gallery of Art
National Gallery of Art

The National Gallery of Art is a national art museum, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. The museum was established in 1938 by the United States Congress, with funds for construction and a substantial art collection donated by Andrew W....
, Washington
Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C. , formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D.C., is the Capital of the United States, founded on July 16, 1790....
Madonna (1512-14) - Oil canvas, Castello Sforzesco
Castello Sforzesco

Castello Sforzesco is a castle in Milan, Italy that now houses several of the city's museum and art gallery collections.The original construction on the site began in the 14th century....
, Milan
Milan

Milan is the second largest city of Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. It is the capital in the Province of Milan, as well as the Regions of Italy capital of Lombardy....
Madonna with St. Francis (1514) - Oil on wood, 299 x 245 cm, Gemäldegalerie
Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister

The Gem?ldegalerie Alte Meister in Dresden features numerous major works of art history. Therefore it belongs to the world?s mostrenowned collection ....
, Dresden
Dresden

Dresden is the capital city of the Germany Federal Free state of Saxony. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon triangle metropolitan area....
Madonna of Albinea (1514, lost)
Madonna and Child with the Young Saint John (1516) - Oil canvas, 48 x 37 cm, Museo del Prado
Museo del Prado

The Museo del Prado is a museum and art gallery located in Madrid, the capital of Spain. It features one of the world's finest collections of European art, from the 12th century to the early 19th century, based on the former Spanish Royal Collection....
, Madrid
Madrid

Madrid is the Capital and largest city of Spain. It is the Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits in the European Union after Greater London and Berlin, and its Madrid metropolitan area is the Largest urban areas of the European Union in the European Union after Paris aire urbaine, Greater London Urban Area, a...
The Adoration of the Magi (1516-18)- Oil canvas, 84 x 108 cm, Brera, Milan
Virgin and Child with an Angel (Madonna del Latte) (date unknown) - Oil on wood, 68 x 56 cm, Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest
Budapest

Budapest is the Capitals of Hungary of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it serves as the country's principal political, cultural, commerce, Industry, and transportation center and is considered an important hub in Central Europe....
The Rest on the Flight to Egypt with Saint Francis (1517) - Oil on canvas, 123,5 x 106,5 cm, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
Florence

Florence is the Capital city of the Italy Regions of Italy of Tuscany and of the provinces of Italy Province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany and has a population of 364,779 ....
Portrait of a Gentlewoman (1517-19) - Oil on canvas, 103 x 87,5 cm, Hermitage
Hermitage Museum

The State Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia is one of the largest museums in the world, with 3 million works of art , and one of the oldest art gallery and museums of human history and culture in the world....
, St. Petersburg
Adoration of the Child (1518-20) - Oil on canvas, 81 x 67 cm, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
Camera di San Paolo (1519) - Frescoes, Nunnery of St Paul, Parma
Parma

Parma is a city in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna famous for its architecture and the fine countryside around it. It is the home of the University of Parma, one of the oldest universities in the world....
Passing Away of St. John (1520-24) - Fresco, S. Giovanni Evangelista, Parma
Madonna della Scala (c. 1523) - Fresco, 196 x 141,8 cm, Galleria Nazionale, Parma
Deposition from the Cross (1525)- Oil canvas, 158,5 x 184,3 cm, Galleria Nazionale, Parma
Noli me Tangere (c. 1525) - Oil canvas, 130 x 103 cm, Museo del Prado
Museo del Prado

The Museo del Prado is a museum and art gallery located in Madrid, the capital of Spain. It features one of the world's finest collections of European art, from the 12th century to the early 19th century, based on the former Spanish Royal Collection....
, Madrid
Madrid

Madrid is the Capital and largest city of Spain. It is the Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits in the European Union after Greater London and Berlin, and its Madrid metropolitan area is the Largest urban areas of the European Union in the European Union after Paris aire urbaine, Greater London Urban Area, a...
Ecce Homo (1525-30) - Oil canvas, National Gallery
National Gallery, London

The National Gallery in London, founded in 1824, houses a rich collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900 in its home on Trafalgar Square....
, London
London

London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the most populous municipality in the European Union. An important settlement for two millennia, History of London goes back to its founding by the Roman Empire....
Madonna della Scodella (1525-30) - Oil canvas, 216 x 137 cm, Galleria Nazionale, Parma
Mystic Marriage of St. Catherine (1526-27) - Wood, 105 x 102 cm, Musée du Louvre, Paris
Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
Assumption of the Virgin
Assumption of the Virgin (Correggio)

The Assumption of the Virgin depicts the Assumption of Mary. This highly influential fresco by the Italian Late Renaissance artist Antonio da Correggio decorates the dome of the Cathedral of Parma, Italy....
(1526–1530) — Fresco, 1093 x 1195 cm, Cathedral of Parma
Cathedral of Parma

Parma Cathedral is a cathedral church in Parma, Emilia-Romagna . It is an important Italian Romanesque architecture cathedral, and the artist Correggio fresco is one of the masterpieces of Renaissance fresco work....
Madonna of St. Jerome (1527-28) - Oil on canvas, 205,7 x 141 cm, Galleria Nazionale, Parma
The Education of Cupid (c. 1528) - Oil canvas, 155 x 91 cm, National Gallery, London
Venus and Cupid with a Satyr
Venus and Cupid with a Satyr

Venus and Cupid with a Satyr is a painting by the Italian late Renaissance artist Antonio Allegri da Correggio. It is housed in the Mus?e du Louvre of Paris, France....
(c. 1528) - Oil on canvas, 188 x 125 cm, Musée du Louvre, Paris
Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
Nativity (Adoration of the Shepherds, or Holy Night
Nativity (Correggio)

The Nativity is a painting finished around 1529-1530 by the Italian painter Antonio da Correggio. It is housed in the Gem?ldegalerie Alte Meister, Dresden....
(1528-30) - Oil on canvas, 256,5 x 188 cm, Gemäldegalerie, Dresden
Madonna with St. George (1530-32) - Oil on canvas, 285 x 190 cm, Gemäldegalerie, Dresden
Danaë (c. 1531) - Tempera panel, 161 x 193 cm, Galleria Borghese
Galleria Borghese

The Borghese Gallery in Rome is an art gallery housed in the former Villa Borghese Pinciana, a building that was from the first integral with its gardens, nowadays considered quite separately by tourists as the Villa Borghese gardens....
, Rome
Rome

Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....
Ganymede abducted by the Eagle (1531-32) - Oil on canvas, 163,5 x 70,5 cm, Kunsthistorisches Museum
Kunsthistorisches Museum

The Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, housed in its festive palatial building on Ringstra?e, crowned with an octagonal dome, is one of the premier museums of fine arts and decorative arts in the world....
, Vienna
Vienna

Vienna is the Capital of Republic of Austria and also one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million...
Jupiter and Io
Jupiter and Io

Jupiter and Io is a painting by the Italian late Renaissance artist Antonio Allegri da Correggio. It is housed in the Kunsthistorisches Museum of Vienna, Austria....
(1531-32) - Oil canvas, 164 x 71 cm, Kunsthistorisches Museum
Leda with the Swan (1531-32) - Oil canvas, 152 x 191 cm, Staatliche Museen, Berlin
Berlin

Berlin is the Capital of Germany city and one of sixteen States of Germany of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million within its city limits, Berlin is the country's largest city....
Allegory of Virtue (c. 1532-1534) - Oil canvas, 149 x 88 cm, Musée du Louvre, Paris

External links

It does not cite the mythological theme pictures.
, by Estelle M. Hurll, 1901, from Project Gutenberg
Project Gutenberg

Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to digitize, archive and distribute cultural works, as founder Michael Hart said "To encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks."....