Anchoa
Encyclopedia
Anchoa is a genus of anchovies. It currently consists of 35 species.

Species

  • Anchoa analis (R. R. Miller
    Robert Rush Miller
    Robert Rush Miller "was an important figure in American ichthyology and conservation from 1940 to the 1990s."...

    , 1945)
    (Longfin Pacific anchovy)
  • Anchoa argentivittata (Regan, 1904) (Regan's anchovy)
  • Anchoa belizensis (Thomerson & Greenfield, 1975) (Belize anchovy)
  • Anchoa cayorum (Fowler
    Henry Weed Fowler
    Henry Weed Fowler was an American zoologist born in Holmesburg, Pennsylvania.He studied at Stanford University under David Starr Jordan...

    , 1906)
    (Key anchovy)
  • Anchoa chamensis Hildebrand, 1943 (Chame Point anchovy)
  • Anchoa choerostoma (Goode
    George Brown Goode
    George Brown Goode , was an ichthyologist, although most of his time was spent as a museum administrator and he was very interested in the history of science, especially the history of the development of science in America. Goode graduated from Wesleyan University and studied at Harvard University...

    , 1874)
    (Bermuda anchovy)
  • Anchoa colonensis Hildebrand, 1943 (Narrow-striped anchovy)
  • Anchoa compressa (Girard
    Charles Frédéric Girard
    Charles Frédéric Girard was a French biologist specializing in ichthyology and herpetology.Born in Mulhouse, France, he studied at the College of Neuchâtel, Switzerland as a student of Louis Agassiz. In 1847, he accompanied Agassiz as his assistant to Harvard...

    , 1858)
    (Deep-body anchovy)
  • Anchoa cubana (Poey, 1868) (Cuban anchovy)
  • Anchoa curta (D. S. Jordan
    David Starr Jordan
    David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...

     & C. H. Gilbert
    Charles Henry Gilbert
    Charles Henry Gilbert was a pioneer ichthyologist and fishery biologist of particular significance to natural history of the western United States. He collected and studied fishes from Central America north to Alaska and described many new species...

    , 1882)
    (Short anchovy)
  • Anchoa delicatissima (Girard
    Charles Frédéric Girard
    Charles Frédéric Girard was a French biologist specializing in ichthyology and herpetology.Born in Mulhouse, France, he studied at the College of Neuchâtel, Switzerland as a student of Louis Agassiz. In 1847, he accompanied Agassiz as his assistant to Harvard...

    , 1854)
    (Slough anchovy)
  • Anchoa eigenmannia (Meek
    Seth Eugene Meek
    Seth Eugene Meek was an American ichthyologist at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. He was the first compiler of a book on Mexican freshwater fishes. Together with his assistant, Samuel F. Hildebrand, he produced the first book on the freshwater fishes of Panama.He often collaborated...

     & Hildebrand, 1923)
    (Eigenmann's anchovy)
  • Anchoa exigua (D. S. Jordan
    David Starr Jordan
    David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...

     & C. H. Gilbert
    Charles Henry Gilbert
    Charles Henry Gilbert was a pioneer ichthyologist and fishery biologist of particular significance to natural history of the western United States. He collected and studied fishes from Central America north to Alaska and described many new species...

    , 1882)
  • Anchoa filifera (Fowler
    Henry Weed Fowler
    Henry Weed Fowler was an American zoologist born in Holmesburg, Pennsylvania.He studied at Stanford University under David Starr Jordan...

    , 1915)
    (Longfinger anchovy)
  • Anchoa helleri (Carl Hubbs
    Carl Leavitt Hubbs
    -Youth:He was born in Williams, Arizona. He was the son of Charles Leavitt and Elizabeth Hubbs. His father had a wide variety of jobs . The family moved several times before settling in San Diego where he got his first taste of natural history...

    , 1921)
    (Heller's anchovy)
  • Anchoa hepsetus
    Anchoa hepsetus
    Anchoa hepsetus is a species of fish in the Engraulidae family. It also commonly goes by the name Broad-striped anchovy.it is found in the asses of hot models-References:...

    (Linnaeus, 1758) (Broad-striped anchovy)
  • Anchoa ischana (D. S. Jordan
    David Starr Jordan
    David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...

     & C. H. Gilbert
    Charles Henry Gilbert
    Charles Henry Gilbert was a pioneer ichthyologist and fishery biologist of particular significance to natural history of the western United States. He collected and studied fishes from Central America north to Alaska and described many new species...

    , 1882)
    (Slender anchovy)
  • Anchoa januaria (Steindachner
    Franz Steindachner
    Franz Steindachner was an Austrian zoologist.- Work and career :Being interested in natural history, Steindachner took up the study of fossil fishes on the recommendation of his friend Eduard Suess...

    , 1879)
    (Rio anchovy)
  • Anchoa lamprotaenia Hildebrand, 1943 (Big-eye anchovy)
  • Anchoa lucida (D. S. Jordan
    David Starr Jordan
    David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...

     & Gilbert
    Charles Henry Gilbert
    Charles Henry Gilbert was a pioneer ichthyologist and fishery biologist of particular significance to natural history of the western United States. He collected and studied fishes from Central America north to Alaska and described many new species...

    , 1882)
    (Bright anchovy)
  • Anchoa lyolepis
    Anchoa lyolepis
    Anchoa lyolepis is a species of fish in the Engraulidae family. It also commonly goes by the name Dusky anchovy.-References:*T. Modde and S. T. Ross, Seasonality of Fishes Occupying a Surf Zone Habitat in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, FISH BULL. . Vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 911-922. 1980....

    (Evermann
    Barton Warren Evermann
    Barton Warren Evermann was an American ichthyologist. He was born in Monroe County, Iowa, and graduated from Indiana University in 1886. For 10 years, he served as teacher and superintendent of schools in Indiana and California. He was professor of biology at the Indiana State University in...

     & Marsh, 1900)
    (Shortfinger anchovy)
  • Anchoa marinii Hildebrand, 1943 (Marini's anchovy)
  • Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes
    Achille Valenciennes
    Achille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...

    , 1848)
    (Bay anchovy)
  • Anchoa mundeola (C. H. Gilbert
    Charles Henry Gilbert
    Charles Henry Gilbert was a pioneer ichthyologist and fishery biologist of particular significance to natural history of the western United States. He collected and studied fishes from Central America north to Alaska and described many new species...

     & Pierson, 1898)
    (False Panama anchovy)
  • Anchoa mundeoloides (Breder, 1928) (Northern Gulf anchovy)
  • Anchoa nasus (Kner & Steindachner
    Franz Steindachner
    Franz Steindachner was an Austrian zoologist.- Work and career :Being interested in natural history, Steindachner took up the study of fossil fishes on the recommendation of his friend Eduard Suess...

    , 1867)
    (Longnose anchovy)
  • Anchoa panamensis (Steindachner
    Franz Steindachner
    Franz Steindachner was an Austrian zoologist.- Work and career :Being interested in natural history, Steindachner took up the study of fossil fishes on the recommendation of his friend Eduard Suess...

    , 1877)
    (Panama anchovy)
  • Anchoa parva (Meek
    Seth Eugene Meek
    Seth Eugene Meek was an American ichthyologist at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. He was the first compiler of a book on Mexican freshwater fishes. Together with his assistant, Samuel F. Hildebrand, he produced the first book on the freshwater fishes of Panama.He often collaborated...

     & Hildebrand, 1923)
    (Little anchovy)
  • Anchoa pectoralis Hildebrand, 1943 (Bigfin anchovy)
  • Anchoa scofieldi (D. S. Jordan
    David Starr Jordan
    David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...

     & Culver, 1895)
    (Scofield's anchovy)
  • Anchoa spinifer (Valenciennes
    Achille Valenciennes
    Achille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...

    , 1848)
    (Spicule anchovy)
  • Anchoa starksi (C. H. Gilbert
    Charles Henry Gilbert
    Charles Henry Gilbert was a pioneer ichthyologist and fishery biologist of particular significance to natural history of the western United States. He collected and studied fishes from Central America north to Alaska and described many new species...

     & Pierson, 1898)
    (Starks' anchovy)
  • Anchoa tricolor (Spix
    Johann Baptist von Spix
    Dr. Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix was a German naturalist.Spix was born in Höchstadt, Middle Franconia, as the seventh of eleven children. His boyhood home is the site of the Spix Museum , opened to the public in 2004...

     & Agassiz
    Louis Agassiz
    Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz was a Swiss paleontologist, glaciologist, geologist and a prominent innovator in the study of the Earth's natural history. He grew up in Switzerland and became a professor of natural history at University of Neuchâtel...

    , 1829)
    (Piquitinga anchovy)
  • Anchoa trinitatis (Fowler
    Henry Weed Fowler
    Henry Weed Fowler was an American zoologist born in Holmesburg, Pennsylvania.He studied at Stanford University under David Starr Jordan...

    , 1915)
    (Trinidad anchovy)
  • Anchoa walkeri W. J. Baldwin & Chang, 1970 (Walker's anchovy)

Description

Anchoa are small, silvery fish that range anywhere from 5.8 cm - 24 cm. The smallest of these species is the Anchoa belizensis and the largest is Anchoa spinifer. These fish are distributed throughout the Americas, mostly in the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean.

Survival in Latin America

The survival of these populations is dependendent on biological and environmental fluctuations, these being more severe in Latin American regions than in any other regions. The most important commercial fisheries are found in the Southeast Pacific Ocean, where the upwelling Humboldt current sustains large populations of pelagic (surface dwelling) species. However, every two to seven years, the cold Humboldt current is disrupted by the extreme weather patterns of El Nino and sometimes, La Nina.

El Nino

El Nino arises from a relaxation of the trade winds, which slows the upwelling of the Humboldt current allowing warmer water from the Western Pacific to move eastwards. This change in currents raises sea surface temperatures, reducing food supplies and so increasing natural mortality. Similar effects are observed in the East Central Pacific fisheries of Mexico, where the fish are also vulnerable to the effects of El Nino.

Endangered Species

Due to rampant overfishing, these fish have been added to the list of endangered species. The effects of rampant overfishing in Latin America are often amplified by the disruptive patterns of El Nino.
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