Alexander Smith Taylor
Encyclopedia
Alexander Smith Taylor best known for his Indianology of California written in a column for The California Farmer and Journal of Useful Arts (1860–1861), was an avid collector, prodigious author and obscure, sometimes errant, historian with an obscure background, and considered the "first bibliographer of California".

Life

His father, A. S. Taylor, was a naval officer of some distinction in the War of 1812
War of 1812
The War of 1812 was a military conflict fought between the forces of the United States of America and those of the British Empire. The Americans declared war in 1812 for several reasons, including trade restrictions because of Britain's ongoing war with France, impressment of American merchant...

. His mother, Mary Chapman, was a native of Wapping Parish
Wapping
Wapping is a place in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets which forms part of the Docklands to the east of the City of London. It is situated between the north bank of the River Thames and the ancient thoroughfare simply called The Highway...

, London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

.

He arrived in Monterey, California
Monterey, California
The City of Monterey in Monterey County is located on Monterey Bay along the Pacific coast in Central California. Monterey lies at an elevation of 26 feet above sea level. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 27,810. Monterey is of historical importance because it was the capital of...

 on September 8, 1848 on the brig Pacific. In 1849 he opened an apothecary shop and resided in Monterey until 1860 when he moved to Santa Barbara
Santa Barbara, California
Santa Barbara is the county seat of Santa Barbara County, California, United States. Situated on an east-west trending section of coastline, the longest such section on the West Coast of the United States, the city lies between the steeply-rising Santa Ynez Mountains and the Pacific Ocean...

. It is unknown whether he visited the "gold diggings
California Gold Rush
The California Gold Rush began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The first to hear confirmed information of the gold rush were the people in Oregon, the Sandwich Islands , and Latin America, who were the first to start flocking to...

". While in Monterey he also worked as "clerk of the United States District Court
United States district court
The United States district courts are the general trial courts of the United States federal court system. Both civil and criminal cases are filed in the district court, which is a court of law, equity, and admiralty. There is a United States bankruptcy court associated with each United States...

". In 1860, he married Maria Josefa Ortega y Hill, a daughter of Daniel A. Hill and Rafaela Luisa Olivera y Ortega of Santa Barbara. Taylor was survived by his wife and three (3) children.

Noted as a collector, author and historian of California and other western topics. Historians are indebted to his rather large collection of documents. 6000 items related to California history from 1770–1846 include: 800 items dated before 1800, and 4500 items before 1840. The collection includes papers, letters, reports and proclamations from the government.

In addition to this he had other large collections. One collection includes 400 "specimens" from newspapers printed in California from 1846–1854, many short-lived and some unique. Much of his collection was lost in the San Francisco Earthquake and Fire of 1906
1906 San Francisco earthquake
The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 was a major earthquake that struck San Francisco, California, and the coast of Northern California at 5:12 a.m. on Wednesday, April 18, 1906. The most widely accepted estimate for the magnitude of the earthquake is a moment magnitude of 7.9; however, other...

. Even with this many items remain in major collections; this along with his writings.

His Works

Some prominent writings include:
  • Discovery of California and the Northwest America. The first voyage to the coasts of California; made in the years 1542 and 1543, by Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo and his pilot Bartolome Ferrelo., San Francisco Herald 1853.
  • The Great Condor of California, Hutchings' Illustrated California Magazine, June, July, and August 1859.
  • The Grasshoppers and Locusts of California, published in both the Farmer June, July, and August 1859, and Smithsonian Report, 1859.
  • Indianology of California 1860–1863, in about 140 issues in Farmer.
    • The original manuscript includes 1100 pages.
  • Historical Summary of Lower California, 1532–1867, Resources of the Pacific States 1869
  • Bibliography of Alaska, 1600-1867, Resources of the Pacific States 1869
  • "His proudest work", Bibliografa California: or notes and materials to aid in forming a more perfect bibliography of those countries anciently called 'California', and lying within the limits of the Gulf of Cortez to the Arctic Seas, and west of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean.[sic], Sacramento Daily Union June 25, 1863 (with supplement printed March 13, 1866)


Of his many unpublished works Robert Ernest Cowan writes:
Poor, unhappy and misguided bibliophile! Although for twenty-five years he had labored tirelessly and incessantly, but little of his work ever assumed permanent form. Some of it still-born, and more of it by his singular plans and methods suffered self-defeat. (...)

Honors

Alexander Smith Taylor received several honors while alive. In recognition of his historical researches he was elected a member of American Antiquarian Society
American Antiquarian Society
The American Antiquarian Society , located in Worcester, Massachusetts, is both a learned society and national research library of pre-twentieth century American History and culture. Its main building, known also as Antiquarian Hall, is a U.S. National Historic Landmark...

in April 1864.
And for his interest in scientific discovery, he was made an honorary member of the California Academy of Sciences
California Academy of Sciences
The California Academy of Sciences is among the largest museums of natural history in the world. The academy began in 1853 as a learned society and still carries out a large amount of original research, with exhibits and education becoming significant endeavors of the museum during the twentieth...

.

His finest tribute though comes from Hubert Howe Bancroft
Hubert Howe Bancroft
Hubert Howe Bancroft was an American historian and ethnologist who wrote and published works concerning the western United States, Texas, Mexico, Central America, British Columbia and Alaska.-Biography:...

's who renders this,
It were well to judge a man not alone by what he has accomplished, but also by what he has conscientiously tried to perform.

Taylor's Unpublished Map of 1864

An obscure 1941 article by Robert Fleming Heizer entitled Alexander S. Taylor's Map of California Indian Tribes, 1864 describes the map.

Text from opening paragraph:
Most California historians and anthropologists are acquainted with Alexander Smith Taylor's work, "The Indianology of California,"1 which still remains hidden away in its recondite newspaper source. This early work has been widely used by later authors, notably Powers², Bancroft³, and Kroeber4. (It is of) value, regardless of numerous errors of various sorts, lies in the recording of a large body of source data concerning native groups now extinct, particularly many of the coastal tribes who came under Spanish mission influence.[sic]


The last sentence originally read "Its value". What Heizer meant to write becomes clear on the next page where he writes:

Second paragraph:
Taylor's source of information constitutes the greatest single problem to be solved in order to interpret fully his major work, the "Indianology." The excellent biographical account of Taylor10 helps somewhat, but only after long and careful checking through the printed sources shall we some day be able to reconstruct his bibliography.[sic] ...

Spurious Coinage Devised

Taylor made up several words and phrases, giving historians cause for concern. Indianology, his most quoted work, was perhaps an invention for the popular audience of his time. The term Bibliografa, which caused him the most grief, not just from this fabricated word, but because the work has some "titles that never had any existence." However, Precis India California, considered a "reputable work", demonstrates well his knack for formulating his own rules with language.

External links

Alexander Smith Taylor (1817–1876), best known for his Indianology of California written in a column for The California Farmer and Journal of Useful Arts (1860–1861), was an avid collector, prodigious author and obscure, sometimes errant, historian with an obscure background, and considered the "first bibliographer of California".

Life

His father, A. S. Taylor, was a naval officer of some distinction in the War of 1812
War of 1812
The War of 1812 was a military conflict fought between the forces of the United States of America and those of the British Empire. The Americans declared war in 1812 for several reasons, including trade restrictions because of Britain's ongoing war with France, impressment of American merchant...

. His mother, Mary Chapman, was a native of Wapping Parish
Wapping
Wapping is a place in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets which forms part of the Docklands to the east of the City of London. It is situated between the north bank of the River Thames and the ancient thoroughfare simply called The Highway...

, London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

.

He arrived in Monterey, California
Monterey, California
The City of Monterey in Monterey County is located on Monterey Bay along the Pacific coast in Central California. Monterey lies at an elevation of 26 feet above sea level. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 27,810. Monterey is of historical importance because it was the capital of...

 on September 8, 1848 on the brig Pacific. In 1849 he opened an apothecary shop and resided in Monterey until 1860 when he moved to Santa Barbara
Santa Barbara, California
Santa Barbara is the county seat of Santa Barbara County, California, United States. Situated on an east-west trending section of coastline, the longest such section on the West Coast of the United States, the city lies between the steeply-rising Santa Ynez Mountains and the Pacific Ocean...

. It is unknown whether he visited the "gold diggings
California Gold Rush
The California Gold Rush began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The first to hear confirmed information of the gold rush were the people in Oregon, the Sandwich Islands , and Latin America, who were the first to start flocking to...

". While in Monterey he also worked as "clerk of the United States District Court
United States district court
The United States district courts are the general trial courts of the United States federal court system. Both civil and criminal cases are filed in the district court, which is a court of law, equity, and admiralty. There is a United States bankruptcy court associated with each United States...

". In 1860, he married Maria Josefa Ortega y Hill, a daughter of Daniel A. Hill and Rafaela Luisa Olivera y Ortega of Santa Barbara. Taylor was survived by his wife and three (3) children.

Noted as a collector, author and historian of California and other western topics. Historians are indebted to his rather large collection of documents. 6000 items related to California history from 1770–1846 include: 800 items dated before 1800, and 4500 items before 1840. The collection includes papers, letters, reports and proclamations from the government.

In addition to this he had other large collections. One collection includes 400 "specimens" from newspapers printed in California from 1846–1854, many short-lived and some unique. Much of his collection was lost in the San Francisco Earthquake and Fire of 1906
1906 San Francisco earthquake
The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 was a major earthquake that struck San Francisco, California, and the coast of Northern California at 5:12 a.m. on Wednesday, April 18, 1906. The most widely accepted estimate for the magnitude of the earthquake is a moment magnitude of 7.9; however, other...

. Even with this many items remain in major collections; this along with his writings.

His Works

Some prominent writings include:
  • Discovery of California and the Northwest America. The first voyage to the coasts of California; made in the years 1542 and 1543, by Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo and his pilot Bartolome Ferrelo., San Francisco Herald 1853.
  • The Great Condor of California, Hutchings' Illustrated California Magazine, June, July, and August 1859.
  • The Grasshoppers and Locusts of California, published in both the Farmer June, July, and August 1859, and Smithsonian Report, 1859.
  • Indianology of California 1860–1863, in about 140 issues in Farmer.
    • The original manuscript includes 1100 pages.
  • Historical Summary of Lower California, 1532–1867, Resources of the Pacific States 1869
  • Bibliography of Alaska, 1600-1867, Resources of the Pacific States 1869
  • "His proudest work", Bibliografa California: or notes and materials to aid in forming a more perfect bibliography of those countries anciently called 'California', and lying within the limits of the Gulf of Cortez to the Arctic Seas, and west of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean.[sic], Sacramento Daily Union June 25, 1863 (with supplement printed March 13, 1866)


Of his many unpublished works Robert Ernest Cowan writes:
Poor, unhappy and misguided bibliophile! Although for twenty-five years he had labored tirelessly and incessantly, but little of his work ever assumed permanent form. Some of it still-born, and more of it by his singular plans and methods suffered self-defeat. (...)

Honors

Alexander Smith Taylor received several honors while alive. In recognition of his historical researches he was elected a member of American Antiquarian Society
American Antiquarian Society
The American Antiquarian Society , located in Worcester, Massachusetts, is both a learned society and national research library of pre-twentieth century American History and culture. Its main building, known also as Antiquarian Hall, is a U.S. National Historic Landmark...

in April 1864.
And for his interest in scientific discovery, he was made an honorary member of the California Academy of Sciences
California Academy of Sciences
The California Academy of Sciences is among the largest museums of natural history in the world. The academy began in 1853 as a learned society and still carries out a large amount of original research, with exhibits and education becoming significant endeavors of the museum during the twentieth...

.

His finest tribute though comes from Hubert Howe Bancroft
Hubert Howe Bancroft
Hubert Howe Bancroft was an American historian and ethnologist who wrote and published works concerning the western United States, Texas, Mexico, Central America, British Columbia and Alaska.-Biography:...

's who renders this,
It were well to judge a man not alone by what he has accomplished, but also by what he has conscientiously tried to perform.

Taylor's Unpublished Map of 1864

An obscure 1941 article by Robert Fleming Heizer entitled Alexander S. Taylor's Map of California Indian Tribes, 1864 describes the map.

Text from opening paragraph:
Most California historians and anthropologists are acquainted with Alexander Smith Taylor's work, "The Indianology of California,"1 which still remains hidden away in its recondite newspaper source. This early work has been widely used by later authors, notably Powers², Bancroft³, and Kroeber4. (It is of) value, regardless of numerous errors of various sorts, lies in the recording of a large body of source data concerning native groups now extinct, particularly many of the coastal tribes who came under Spanish mission influence.[sic]


The last sentence originally read "Its value". What Heizer meant to write becomes clear on the next page where he writes:

Second paragraph:
Taylor's source of information constitutes the greatest single problem to be solved in order to interpret fully his major work, the "Indianology." The excellent biographical account of Taylor10 helps somewhat, but only after long and careful checking through the printed sources shall we some day be able to reconstruct his bibliography.[sic] ...

Spurious Coinage Devised

Taylor made up several words and phrases, giving historians cause for concern. Indianology, his most quoted work, was perhaps an invention for the popular audience of his time. The term Bibliografa, which caused him the most grief, not just from this fabricated word, but because the work has some "titles that never had any existence." However, Precis India California, considered a "reputable work", demonstrates well his knack for formulating his own rules with language.

External links

Alexander Smith Taylor (1817–1876), best known for his Indianology of California written in a column for The California Farmer and Journal of Useful Arts (1860–1861), was an avid collector, prodigious author and obscure, sometimes errant, historian with an obscure background, and considered the "first bibliographer of California".

Life

His father, A. S. Taylor, was a naval officer of some distinction in the War of 1812
War of 1812
The War of 1812 was a military conflict fought between the forces of the United States of America and those of the British Empire. The Americans declared war in 1812 for several reasons, including trade restrictions because of Britain's ongoing war with France, impressment of American merchant...

. His mother, Mary Chapman, was a native of Wapping Parish
Wapping
Wapping is a place in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets which forms part of the Docklands to the east of the City of London. It is situated between the north bank of the River Thames and the ancient thoroughfare simply called The Highway...

, London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

.

He arrived in Monterey, California
Monterey, California
The City of Monterey in Monterey County is located on Monterey Bay along the Pacific coast in Central California. Monterey lies at an elevation of 26 feet above sea level. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 27,810. Monterey is of historical importance because it was the capital of...

 on September 8, 1848 on the brig Pacific. In 1849 he opened an apothecary shop and resided in Monterey until 1860 when he moved to Santa Barbara
Santa Barbara, California
Santa Barbara is the county seat of Santa Barbara County, California, United States. Situated on an east-west trending section of coastline, the longest such section on the West Coast of the United States, the city lies between the steeply-rising Santa Ynez Mountains and the Pacific Ocean...

. It is unknown whether he visited the "gold diggings
California Gold Rush
The California Gold Rush began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The first to hear confirmed information of the gold rush were the people in Oregon, the Sandwich Islands , and Latin America, who were the first to start flocking to...

". While in Monterey he also worked as "clerk of the United States District Court
United States district court
The United States district courts are the general trial courts of the United States federal court system. Both civil and criminal cases are filed in the district court, which is a court of law, equity, and admiralty. There is a United States bankruptcy court associated with each United States...

". In 1860, he married Maria Josefa Ortega y Hill, a daughter of Daniel A. Hill and Rafaela Luisa Olivera y Ortega of Santa Barbara. Taylor was survived by his wife and three (3) children.

Noted as a collector, author and historian of California and other western topics. Historians are indebted to his rather large collection of documents. 6000 items related to California history from 1770–1846 include: 800 items dated before 1800, and 4500 items before 1840. The collection includes papers, letters, reports and proclamations from the government.

In addition to this he had other large collections. One collection includes 400 "specimens" from newspapers printed in California from 1846–1854, many short-lived and some unique. Much of his collection was lost in the San Francisco Earthquake and Fire of 1906
1906 San Francisco earthquake
The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 was a major earthquake that struck San Francisco, California, and the coast of Northern California at 5:12 a.m. on Wednesday, April 18, 1906. The most widely accepted estimate for the magnitude of the earthquake is a moment magnitude of 7.9; however, other...

. Even with this many items remain in major collections; this along with his writings.

His Works

Some prominent writings include:
  • Discovery of California and the Northwest America. The first voyage to the coasts of California; made in the years 1542 and 1543, by Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo and his pilot Bartolome Ferrelo., San Francisco Herald 1853.
  • The Great Condor of California, Hutchings' Illustrated California Magazine, June, July, and August 1859.
  • The Grasshoppers and Locusts of California, published in both the Farmer June, July, and August 1859, and Smithsonian Report, 1859.
  • Indianology of California 1860–1863, in about 140 issues in Farmer.
    • The original manuscript includes 1100 pages.
  • Historical Summary of Lower California, 1532–1867, Resources of the Pacific States 1869
  • Bibliography of Alaska, 1600-1867, Resources of the Pacific States 1869
  • "His proudest work", Bibliografa California: or notes and materials to aid in forming a more perfect bibliography of those countries anciently called 'California', and lying within the limits of the Gulf of Cortez to the Arctic Seas, and west of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean.[sic], Sacramento Daily Union June 25, 1863 (with supplement printed March 13, 1866)


Of his many unpublished works Robert Ernest Cowan writes:
Poor, unhappy and misguided bibliophile! Although for twenty-five years he had labored tirelessly and incessantly, but little of his work ever assumed permanent form. Some of it still-born, and more of it by his singular plans and methods suffered self-defeat. (...)

Honors

Alexander Smith Taylor received several honors while alive. In recognition of his historical researches he was elected a member of American Antiquarian Society
American Antiquarian Society
The American Antiquarian Society , located in Worcester, Massachusetts, is both a learned society and national research library of pre-twentieth century American History and culture. Its main building, known also as Antiquarian Hall, is a U.S. National Historic Landmark...

in April 1864.
And for his interest in scientific discovery, he was made an honorary member of the California Academy of Sciences
California Academy of Sciences
The California Academy of Sciences is among the largest museums of natural history in the world. The academy began in 1853 as a learned society and still carries out a large amount of original research, with exhibits and education becoming significant endeavors of the museum during the twentieth...

.

His finest tribute though comes from Hubert Howe Bancroft
Hubert Howe Bancroft
Hubert Howe Bancroft was an American historian and ethnologist who wrote and published works concerning the western United States, Texas, Mexico, Central America, British Columbia and Alaska.-Biography:...

's who renders this,
It were well to judge a man not alone by what he has accomplished, but also by what he has conscientiously tried to perform.

Taylor's Unpublished Map of 1864

An obscure 1941 article by Robert Fleming Heizer entitled Alexander S. Taylor's Map of California Indian Tribes, 1864 describes the map.

Text from opening paragraph:
Most California historians and anthropologists are acquainted with Alexander Smith Taylor's work, "The Indianology of California,"1 which still remains hidden away in its recondite newspaper source. This early work has been widely used by later authors, notably Powers², Bancroft³, and Kroeber4. (It is of) value, regardless of numerous errors of various sorts, lies in the recording of a large body of source data concerning native groups now extinct, particularly many of the coastal tribes who came under Spanish mission influence.[sic]


The last sentence originally read "Its value". What Heizer meant to write becomes clear on the next page where he writes:

Second paragraph:
Taylor's source of information constitutes the greatest single problem to be solved in order to interpret fully his major work, the "Indianology." The excellent biographical account of Taylor10 helps somewhat, but only after long and careful checking through the printed sources shall we some day be able to reconstruct his bibliography.[sic] ...

Spurious Coinage Devised

Taylor made up several words and phrases, giving historians cause for concern. Indianology, his most quoted work, was perhaps an invention for the popular audience of his time. The term Bibliografa, which caused him the most grief, not just from this fabricated word, but because the work has some "titles that never had any existence." However, Precis India California, considered a "reputable work", demonstrates well his knack for formulating his own rules with language.
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