Reverend Alexander Garden Fraser, M.A.

Master of Arts (postgraduate)

A Master of Arts from the Latin Magister Artium, is a type of Master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The M.A. is usually contrasted with the M.S. or M.Sc. degrees...

, CBE

CBE

CBE and C.B.E. are abbreviations for "Commander of the Order of the British Empire", a grade in the Order of the British Empire.Other uses include:* Chemical and Biochemical Engineering...

, is one of the founders of Achimota School

Achimota School

Achimota School , is an elite and highly selective co-educational secondary school located at Achimota in Accra, Ghana. It was established and commenced operations in 1924 and formally opened in 1927 by Sir Frederick Gordon Guggisberg -- then governor of the Gold Coast...

 and the first Principal of the School (1924–1935). The other founders are Sir Frederick Gordon Guggisberg

Gordon Guggisberg

Brigadier-General Sir Frederick Gordon Guggisberg, KCMG, DSO, , soldier and administrator, was born in Galt, Ontario, Canada, a second-generation descendant of an immigrant from Uetendorf, Canton Bern, Switzerland, the eldest son of Frederick Guggisberg, retail-goods merchant, of Galt, by his wife,...

, former governor of the Gold Coast (1919–1927), and Dr. James Emman Kwegyir Aggrey, the first Assistant Vice Principal (1924–1927).

Trinity College, Kandy, Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon)

Rev. Fraser was born in Scotland

Scotland

Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...

 in 1873. He was ordained and eventually became a renowned educationist and missionary. Prior to joining Achimota School

Achimota School

Achimota School , is an elite and highly selective co-educational secondary school located at Achimota in Accra, Ghana. It was established and commenced operations in 1924 and formally opened in 1927 by Sir Frederick Gordon Guggisberg -- then governor of the Gold Coast...

, he was the Principal of the Trinity College

Trinity College, Kandy

Trinity College, Kandy founded in 1872 by Anglican missionaries, is an Independent elite private boys’ school providing primary and secondary education in Sri Lanka...

, Ceylon, for the 20-year period from 1904 to 1924. Rev. Fraser is described as the greatest principal of Trinity College. To quote,

“Rev. A.G. Fraser brought the school from a mere provincial school to a national college. In his day (1904-1924), Trinity College became a multi-faceted educational institution, equal to that of any leading school in the British Commonwealth. In the days of Fraser, 17 different nationalities made use of the all-round education Trinity provided. He was an inspiring personality and yet truly self-sacrificing. All his best years were given to Trinity and all his efforts bore fruit. He had the power of persuasion, which he used to inspire brilliant men from Oxford and Cambridge to serve as Anglican missionaries at Trinity College. The decisions of Mr. Fraser were daring but far sighted. It was he who introduced the mother tongue and broke away from conventional subjects mostly imported from England. He introduced a diversified system of education with a strong bias towards national needs. Agriculture was introduced when it was not the practice in any other local school.”

Rev. Fraser and the then vice principal of Trinity College are credited for the College Chapel’s open design. The design is similar to Achimota’s Aggrey Memorial Chapel that is also an open chapel.

The grand old principal of Trinity College, Rev. A.G. Fraser, took the school from a mere provincial school to a national college. It was in his day that Trinity became the multi-faceted educational institution it is today. Since then, students from over 17 different nations have made use of the all round education provided at Trinity. Fraser was an inspiring personality and yet truly self-sacrificing. All his best years were given to Trinity and all his efforts bore fruit. He had the power of persuasion, which he used to inspire brilliant men from Oxford

University of Oxford

The University of Oxford is a university located in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest surviving university in the world and the oldest in the English-speaking world. Although its exact date of foundation is unclear, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096...

 and Cambridge Universities

University of Cambridge

The University of Cambridge is a public research university located in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest university in both the United Kingdom and the English-speaking world , and the seventh-oldest globally...

 to serve as Anglican missionaries at Trinity College. Walter Senior

W. S. Senior

Reverend Walter Stanley Senior was an English scholar, poet and member of the Church Missionary Society. Popularly known the "Bard of Lanka", his works are still widely read in the island nation. He was also Vice Principal of Trinity College, Kandy, Sri Lanka.-Early life:Walter Stanley Senior was...

 was one such person who came to serve as Vice Principal under Fraser. He is best known as the Bard of Lanka. The decisions of Mr. Fraser were daring but far sighted. It was he who introduced the mother tongue and broke away from conventional subjects mostly imported from England

England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...

. He introduced a diversified system of education with a strong bias towards national needs. Trinity was the first school in Ceylon to introduce Sinhala language in to its curriculum. Agriculture was introduced when it was not the practice in any other local school. The story of Mr. Fraser is voluminous, for he was not merely a Principal but a stalwart among head masters. He had on his staff a brilliant man Gaster, who was responsible for planning the buildings of the time. Two buildings, one known as the "Gaster Block" and the other was The Chapel which continues to be admired today and bears testimony to the wisdom of Fraser and Gaster. The chapel is unique among churches in Sri Lanka. Architecturally one could see the best of Sinhala Architecture, with designs and carvings similar to those one could see in Polonnaruwa

Polonnaruwa

The second most ancient of Sri Lanka's kingdoms, was first declared the capital city by King Vijayabahu I, who defeated the Chola invaders in 1070 AD to reunite the country once more under a local leader.-History:While Vijayabahu's victory and shifting of Kingdoms to the more strategic Polonnaruwa...

, an ancient capital of Sri Lanka. It was the first open chapel in the world, when all the others were of gothic type. During his years as Principal, Mr. Fraser obtained a lease of a land from the Asgiriya Temple and leveled it to create a playing field, which was later to become the Asgiriya Stadium

Asgiriya Stadium

Asgiriya International Stadium, is a Cricket stadium situated in Kandy, Sri Lanka. Asgiriya Stadium is the private property of Trinity College, Kandy. It is around a 10 minute walk from the centre of the city. The venue would usually be used when an international team toured Sri Lanka for a Test...

. In his time the school games brought much honour and glory to the school from the innumerable victories in Cricket and Rugby. Rev. Fraser left in 1924 to head a school in Gold Coast

Gold Coast (British colony)

The Gold Coast was a British colony on the Gulf of Guinea in west Africa that became the independent nation of Ghana in 1957.-Overview:The first Europeans to arrive at the coast were the Portuguese in 1471. They encountered a variety of African kingdoms, some of which controlled substantial...

, namely Achimota School, the great college of that country.

Achimota College & School

In 1924, the Gold Coast colonial government approved the funding for the proposed Prince of Wales College and School, now known as “Achimota School”, as part of Governor Guggisberg

Gordon Guggisberg

Brigadier-General Sir Frederick Gordon Guggisberg, KCMG, DSO, , soldier and administrator, was born in Galt, Ontario, Canada, a second-generation descendant of an immigrant from Uetendorf, Canton Bern, Switzerland, the eldest son of Frederick Guggisberg, retail-goods merchant, of Galt, by his wife,...

’s education reform program for the Gold Coast.

Apparently, Rev. Fraser and Dr. Aggrey first met in January 1924 at the home of Dr. J. H. Oldham

J. H. Oldham

Joseph Houldsworth Oldham , known as J. H. or Joe, was a Scottish missionary in India, who became a significant figure in Christian ecumenism, though never ordained in the United Free Church as he had wished.-Life:...

at Chipstead in Surrey, United Kingdom.

"Oldham recalled his conversation with Aggrey on the proposed Achimota College: "We started discussing people, and I sounded Aggrey on the names of several people who had been mentioned as possible Headmasters. He shook his head in each case. Then I said to him, 'Would you go with Fraser?' He said 'Oh yes, I'd go with Fraser!' I said 'What in the world do you know about Fraser that makes you so confident about him when you have been so doubtful about all the other people?' He said 'Don't you remember that four years ago we lunched at a restaurant in Soho, Mr. and Mrs. Fraser and you and your wife, before going to a matinée?' And I said, 'Do you mean to tell me, Aggrey, that on the strength of a lunch four years ago, you are absolutely clear that you would go with Fraser?' 'Yes,' he said; 'absolutely clear.' 'All right!' I said; and I went into the other room where the telephone was. Alek was at Oxford, and I wired, 'Can you come for the week-end to meet Aggrey?' And he did. He came on the Saturday, and they went out for a walk on the Sunday afternoon; and they came back to say they would go.""

Rev. Fraser left his position as Principal of the Trinity College, Ceylon, and accepted the position as Achimota School’s first Principal. He and Dr. Aggrey, the School’s first Vice Principal, supervised the construction and equipping of Achimota School. Rev. Fraser and the other founders made personal sacrifices to realize their dream of the first co-educational institution in the Gold Coast. They battled racism and harsh, and often unfounded, criticism. "To prepare Achimota School for its opening, Rev. Fraser and Dr. Aggrey hammered nails when they required hammering; they scrubbed floors and washed windows."

Classes commenced at Achimota School on 27 February 1926, then known as the “Prince of Wales College and School” and it was formally opened by the Governor, Sir Guggisberg, on 28 January 1927.

When Dr. Aggrey died in the USA on 30 July 1927, Rev. Fraser wrote:

'Williams could fill my place. No one can fill Aggrey's. It was he who persuaded me to go to Achimota in the first place, and I made it a condition of my going that he should come with me and help me to know the people and their outlook. He came at pecuniary loss, to begin with, and nobly he did his special work. He had marvellous power over people. It was not only his great oratorial gifts and sparkling kindly humour, but it was his transparent sincerity, his intense belief in them, his ardent love of Africa, and his flaming purity ... I have often been asked if Aggrey was worth it. If Achimota has caught the imagination of West Africa today, and I believe it has, it is due to Aggrey more than any other six men ... In Achimota we lose more than we can yet understand. But of the many good things I have been freely given in life, one of the best is the intimate friendship given me by Aggrey'.

Rev. Fraser's Legacy

At Achimota School, Rev. Fraser and his staff, including Dr. Aggrey, shared the belief that Africans should not be turned into pseudo-Europeans but taught to retain the highest values of their own culture. This is reflected in the “Ideals Upon Which Achimota Was Founded”. Rev. Fraser composed the School Hymn that also embodies Achimota ideals. Achimota stands for:

Ideals of Achimota

• The best use of the minds and bodies which God has given us.
• An equal opportunity for boys and girls.
• Respect for all that is true and of lasting value in the old African culture, beliefs and way of life.
• Willing, humble service of the educated for the uneducated.
• Mutual understanding and cooperation between Christians of all denominations, and the growth of that spirit in which the churches shall one day be united again.
• Friendship, respect, and cooperation among all races on equal terms.
• The belief, on which all else rests, in Jesus Christ as the revelation for all times and all peoples of the love of God, and as the guide and pattern of our lives.

Rev. Fraser’s legacy also lives on through the Old Achimotan Association (“OAA”) that he founded.

The Fraser Family and Memorials

“Fraser House”, a residence hall that is now part of Achimota Primary School was named in Rev. Fraser’s honor. In addition, “Fraser Building” at Trinity College, Kandy, Sri Lanka is named after him. His sons Alistair Garden Fraser (Sandy) and Andrew Fraser (his younger brother) both taught at Achimota for many years. Rev. Fraser is survived by his grandson, Prof. Ian Fraser, a retired Art Professor, and other grandchildren. Prof. Fraser and other family members now live in the USA.

Sources

• Aggrey, J.E.K. and Fraser, A.G.; Cambridge University Library: Royal Commonwealth Society Library, , Y30448S
• Brief History of Trinity College
• Brody, Donal; "Permission granted by Dr. Brody", Great Epics Newsletter, Great Epic Books. (Summarized from the websites listed below.)
• Ghana Educational History
• Great Epic Books June 1998
• Great Epic Books July 1998
• Janus
• Lucy
• OAA 1973
• Ward, William Ernest Frank (1965), Fraser of Trinity and Achimota, Accra: Ghana Universities Press.