Aerophone

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Aerophone

An aerophone (from. gr
Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
??? "air" and f??? "voice") is any musical instrument
Musical instrument

A musical instrument is an object constructed or used for the purpose of making music. In principle, anything that produces sound can serve as a musical instrument....
which produces sound
Sound

Sound is vibration transmitted through a solid, liquid, or gas, composed of frequencies within the range of hearing and of a threshold of hearing to be heard, or the sensation stimulated in organs of hearing by such vibrations....
primarily by causing a body of air to vibrate, without the use of strings or membranes, and without the vibration of the instrument itself adding considerably to the sound. It is one of the four main classes of instruments in the original Hornbostel-Sachs
Hornbostel-Sachs

Hornbostel-Sachs is a system of musical instrument classification devised by Erich Moritz von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs, and first published in the Zeitschrift f?r Ethnologie in 1914....
scheme of musical instrument classification
Musical instrument classification

At various times, and in various different cultures, various schemes of musical instrument classification have been used.The most commonly used system in use in the west today divides instruments into string instruments, wind instruments and percussion instruments....
.

Hornbostel-Sachs divides aerophones by whether vibrating air is contained in the instrument itself or not.

The first class (41) includes instruments where the vibrating air is not contained by the instrument itself, such as the bullroarer
Bullroarer (music)

The bullroarer, rhombus, or turndun, is an ancient ritual musical instrument and means of communicating over extended distances....
. Such instruments are called free aerophones.

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Encyclopedia

An aerophone (from. gr
Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
??? "air" and f??? "voice") is any musical instrument
Musical instrument

A musical instrument is an object constructed or used for the purpose of making music. In principle, anything that produces sound can serve as a musical instrument....
which produces sound
Sound

Sound is vibration transmitted through a solid, liquid, or gas, composed of frequencies within the range of hearing and of a threshold of hearing to be heard, or the sensation stimulated in organs of hearing by such vibrations....
primarily by causing a body of air to vibrate, without the use of strings or membranes, and without the vibration of the instrument itself adding considerably to the sound. It is one of the four main classes of instruments in the original Hornbostel-Sachs
Hornbostel-Sachs

Hornbostel-Sachs is a system of musical instrument classification devised by Erich Moritz von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs, and first published in the Zeitschrift f?r Ethnologie in 1914....
scheme of musical instrument classification
Musical instrument classification

At various times, and in various different cultures, various schemes of musical instrument classification have been used.The most commonly used system in use in the west today divides instruments into string instruments, wind instruments and percussion instruments....
.

Hornbostel-Sachs divides aerophones by whether vibrating air is contained in the instrument itself or not.

The first class (41) includes instruments where the vibrating air is not contained by the instrument itself, such as the bullroarer
Bullroarer (music)

The bullroarer, rhombus, or turndun, is an ancient ritual musical instrument and means of communicating over extended distances....
. Such instruments are called free aerophones. This class includes free reed instruments, such as the harmonica
Harmonica

The harmonica is a free reed aerophone wind instrument which is played by blowing air into it or drawing air out by placing lips over individual holes or multiple holes....
, but also many instruments unlikely to be called wind instruments at all by most people, such as siren
Siren (noisemaker)

A siren is a loud noise maker. The original version would yield sounds under water, suggesting a link with the sirens of Greek mythology. Most modern ones are civil defense siren or "air raid" sirens, tornado sirens, or the sirens on emergency service vehicles such as ambulances, police cars and Fire apparatus....
s and whips
Whip (instrument)

In music, a whip is a type of musical instrument played by a percussionist that is used in modern orchestras, bands, and percussion ensembles....
.

The second class (42) includes instruments where the vibrating air is contained by the instrument. This class includes almost all the instruments generally called wind instrument
Wind instrument

A wind instrument is a musical instrument that contains some type of resonator , in which a column of air is set into vibration by the player blowing into a mouthpiece set at the end of the resonator....
s and brass instruments in the west, such as the flute
Flute

The flute is a musical instrument of the woodwind family. Unlike other woodwind instruments, a flute is a reedless wind instrument that produces its sound from the flow of air against an edge....
, sheng
Sheng (instrument)

The China sheng is a mouth-blown free reed instrument consisting essentially of vertical pipes, in the Music of China.Some believe that Johann Wilde and Jean Joseph Marie Amiot traveled to China and brought the first shengs back to Europe in 1740 and 1777 respectively, although musical instruments similar to shengs were known in Europe c...
, the oboe
Oboe

The oboe is a double reed musical instrument of the woodwind family. In English prior to 1770, the instrument was called "hautbois", "hoboy", or "French hoboy"....
and the trombone
Trombone

The trombone is a musical instrument in the brass instrument family. Like all brass instruments, it is a lip-reed aerophone: sound is produced when the player?s vibrating lips cause the air column inside the instrument to vibrate....
.

Additionally, very loud sounds can be made by explosions directed into, or being detonated inside of resonant cavities. Instruments such as the calliope
Calliope (music)

A calliope is a musical instrument that produces sound by sending steam through steam whistle, originally locomotive whistles. The calliope is also known as a "steam Pipe organ" or "steam piano"....
(and steam whistle), as well as the pyrophone
Pyrophone

A pyrophone, also known as a "fire/explosion organ" or "fire/explosion calliope" is a musical instrument in which notes are sounded by explosions, or similar forms of rapid combustion, rapid heating, or the like....
might thus be considered as class 42 instruments, despite the fact that the "wind" or "air" may be steam or an air-fuel mixture.

Hornbostel-Sachs
Hornbostel-Sachs

Hornbostel-Sachs is a system of musical instrument classification devised by Erich Moritz von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs, and first published in the Zeitschrift f?r Ethnologie in 1914....
system of musical instrument classification
Musical instrument classification

At various times, and in various different cultures, various schemes of musical instrument classification have been used.The most commonly used system in use in the west today divides instruments into string instruments, wind instruments and percussion instruments....

Idiophone
Idiophone

An idiophone is any musical instrument which creates sound primarily by way of the instrument vibrating itself, without the use of strings or membranes....
| Membranophone
Membranophone

A Membranophone is any musical instrument which produces sound primarily by way of a vibrating stretched membrane. It is one of the four main divisions of instruments in the original Hornbostel-Sachs scheme of musical instrument classification....
| Chordophone
Chordophone

A Chordophone is any musical instrument which makes sound by way of a vibrating string or strings stretched between two points. It is one of the four main divisions of instruments in the original Hornbostel-Sachs scheme of musical instrument classification....
| Aerophone | Electrophone
Electrophone

The fifth top-level group, electrophone category was added to the Hornbostel Sachs musical instrument classfication system by Sachs in 1940, to describe instruments involving electricity....

List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number
List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number

The following lists contain musical instruments, musical instrument classification according to the Hornbostel-Sachs system by how they make sound.*List of idiophones by Hornbostel-Sachs number...