Abnormal cannabidiol
Encyclopedia
Abnormal cannabidiol is a synthetic regioisomer of cannabidiol
, which unlike most other cannabinoids produces vasodilator effects, lowers blood pressure
, and induces cell migration
, cell proliferation and mitogen-activated protein kinase
activation in microglia
, but without producing any psychoactive effects. It has been shown that the actions of abnormal cannabidiol are mediated through a site separate from the CB1 and CB2 receptors, which responds to abnormal cannabidiol, O-1602, and the endogenous ligands: anandamide
(AEA), N-arachidonoyl glycine (NAGly) and N-arachidonoyl L-serine. Multiple lines of evidence support the proposed identification of this novel target in microglia
as the previously "orphan" receptor GPR18
. Another, more controversial, target of abnormal cannabidiol is GPR55
which has received much attention as a putative cannabinoid receptor, although a growing body of evidence points to lyso
phosphatidylinositol
(LPI) as the endogenous ligand for GPR55. Further research suggests there are yet more additional cannabinoid receptors.
Cannabidiol
Cannabidiol is a cannabinoid found in Cannabis. It is a major constituent of the plant, representing up to 40% in its extracts.It has displayed sedative effects in animal tests...
, which unlike most other cannabinoids produces vasodilator effects, lowers blood pressure
Blood pressure
Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels, and is one of the principal vital signs. When used without further specification, "blood pressure" usually refers to the arterial pressure of the systemic circulation. During each heartbeat, BP varies...
, and induces cell migration
Cell migration
Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Tissue formation during embryonic development, wound healing and immune responses all require the orchestrated movement of cells in particular directions to specific locations...
, cell proliferation and mitogen-activated protein kinase
Mitogen-activated protein kinase
Mitogen-activated protein kinases are serine/threonine-specific protein kinases that respond to extracellular stimuli and regulate various cellular activities, such as gene expression, mitosis, differentiation, proliferation, and cell survival/apoptosis.-Activation:MAP kinases are activated...
activation in microglia
Microglia
Microglia are a type of glial cell that are the resident macrophages of the brain and spinal cord, and thus act as the first and main form of active immune defense in the central nervous system . Microglia constitute 20% of the total glial cell population within the brain...
, but without producing any psychoactive effects. It has been shown that the actions of abnormal cannabidiol are mediated through a site separate from the CB1 and CB2 receptors, which responds to abnormal cannabidiol, O-1602, and the endogenous ligands: anandamide
Anandamide
Anandamide, also known as N-arachidonoylethanolamide or AEA, is an endogenous cannabinoid neurotransmitter. The name is taken from the Sanskrit word ananda, which means "bliss, delight", and amide. It is synthesized from N-arachidonoyl phosphatidylethanolamine by multiple pathways...
(AEA), N-arachidonoyl glycine (NAGly) and N-arachidonoyl L-serine. Multiple lines of evidence support the proposed identification of this novel target in microglia
Microglia
Microglia are a type of glial cell that are the resident macrophages of the brain and spinal cord, and thus act as the first and main form of active immune defense in the central nervous system . Microglia constitute 20% of the total glial cell population within the brain...
as the previously "orphan" receptor GPR18
GPR18
N-arachidonyl glycine receptor also known as G-protein coupled receptor 18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR18 gene...
. Another, more controversial, target of abnormal cannabidiol is GPR55
GPR55
G protein-coupled receptor 55 also known as GPR55 is a G protein-coupled receptor that in humans is encoded by the GPR55 gene.GPR55, along with GPR119 and GPR18, have been implicated as novel cannabinoid receptors.- History :...
which has received much attention as a putative cannabinoid receptor, although a growing body of evidence points to lyso
Lyso
The term lyso is applied as a prefix to the various phospholipids to indicate the removal of one of the two fatty acids. For example, lysophosphatidylcholines are phosphatidylcholines with a single acyl group in either the 1- or 2-position....
phosphatidylinositol
Phosphatidylinositol
Phosphatidylinositol is a negatively charged phospholipid and a minor component in the cytosolic side of eukaryotic cell membranes....
(LPI) as the endogenous ligand for GPR55. Further research suggests there are yet more additional cannabinoid receptors.