311 series
Encyclopedia
The is a DC
suburban electric multiple unit
operated by Central Japan Railway Company
(JR Central) in Japan.
The design was developed from the earlier 211 series
, with the first five trains introduced from July 1989 to replace older 113
and 115 series
EMUs. Eight more sets were introduced from the start of the new timetable in March 1990, and a further two sets were introduced in March 1991.
Between June 2006 and July 2008, all sets had their original lozenge pantographs replaced with single-arm pantographs.
Direct current
Direct current is the unidirectional flow of electric charge. Direct current is produced by such sources as batteries, thermocouples, solar cells, and commutator-type electric machines of the dynamo type. Direct current may flow in a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through...
suburban electric multiple unit
Electric multiple unit
An electric multiple unit or EMU is a multiple unit train consisting of self-propelled carriages, using electricity as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate locomotive, as electric traction motors are incorporated within one or a number of the carriages...
operated by Central Japan Railway Company
Central Japan Railway Company
The is the main railway company operating in the Chūbu region of central Japan. It is officially abbreviated in English as JR Central and in Japanese as . Its headquarters are located in the JR Central Towers in Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture.The company's operational hub is Nagoya Station...
(JR Central) in Japan.
The design was developed from the earlier 211 series
211 series
The is a suburban electric multiple unit train type introduced in 1985 by Japanese National Railways , and currently operated by East Japan Railway Company and Central Japan Railway Company and formerly also operated by West Japan Railway Company in Japan.-Design:The 211 series was developed by...
, with the first five trains introduced from July 1989 to replace older 113
113 series
The is a Japanese suburban electric multiple unit train type introduced in 1963 by Japanese National Railways , currently operated by Central Japan Railway Company , West Japan Railway Company , and Shikoku Railway Company , and formerly also operated by East Japan Railway Company .The design was...
and 115 series
115 series
The is a DC electric multiple unit train type developed by Japanese National Railways and now operated by East Japan Railway Company , West Japan Railway Company , and the Shinano Railway.-JR East:...
EMUs. Eight more sets were introduced from the start of the new timetable in March 1990, and a further two sets were introduced in March 1991.
Formation
- Kumoha311 ＋ Moha311 ＋ Saha311 ＋ Kuha310
Between June 2006 and July 2008, all sets had their original lozenge pantographs replaced with single-arm pantographs.