The 23rd Peshawar Mountain Battery (Frontier Force) was an artillery battery of the British Indian Army

British Indian Army

The British Indian Army, officially simply the Indian Army, was the principal army of the British Raj in India before the partition of India in 1947...

. They were raised in Peshawar

Peshawar

Peshawar is the capital of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and the administrative center and central economic hub for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan....

 in 1853, and soon thereafter took part in numerous Frontier campaigns, the most important of which was the Umbeyla Campaign

Umbeyla Campaign

The Umbeyla Campaign was one of numerous expeditions led by British forces in the North-West Frontier Province; this campaign was against local Hindustani Pashtuns and Bunerwals of British India. The local Pashtuns were vehemently opposed to British colonial rule and frequently attacked British...

 of 1863. From December 1871 to February 1872, the Battery took part in the Looshai Campaign. During the Second Afghan War, the 23rd saw service in the Battle of Kandahar

Battle of Kandahar

The Battle of Kandahar, 1 September 1880, was the last major conflict of the Second Anglo-Afghan War. The battle in southern Afghanistan was fought between the British forces under command of General Roberts and the Afghan forces led by Ayub Khan, inflicting nearly 3,000 casualties in...

. In the World War I

World War I

World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...

, the 23rd was one of the two original mountain batteries to land in the Mesopotamia Campaign in late 1914, where the battery remained with the 6th (Poona) Division

6th (Poona) Division

For the World War II formation see 6th Infantry Division The 6th Division was a division of the British Indian Army. It was formed in 1903, following the Kitchener reforms of the Indian Army.-World War I:...

 until returning to India in 1917. They continued to see service in the Third Afghan War with the 16th Indian Division

16th Indian Division

The 16th Indian Division was an infantry division of the Indian Army during World War I. It was formed in December 1916, during World War I. It was the only war formed division of the British Indian Army that was not sent overseas, instead it was sent to guard the North West Frontier...

, the Waziristan campaign 1919–1920

Waziristan campaign 1919–1920

The Waziristan campaign 1919–1920 was a military campaign conducted in Waziristan by British and Indian forces against the fiercely independent tribesmen that inhabited this region...

 and the Waziristan campaign 1936–1939.