Roman Empire
What preceded the Roman Empire?
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swewing
What the Roman Empire before its creation?
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bulldog1
Replied to:  What the Roman Empire before its creation?
The Roman Empire before its creation was the Roman Republic for around half a century.
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jkwilliams
Replied to:  The Roman Empire before its creation was the Roman Republic for...
It was a more people centric form of government from which it shifted to more of a monarchy.
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Augustus1
Replied to:  What the Roman Empire before its creation?
After Constantine the apostate perverted the roman populace and made Christianity the State religion, but no less so in the preceding centuries the Church fabricated legends and relics the vast medieval forgery industry is a matter of historical record – a contributory cause of the Reformation. Before the canon of holy books was finalized in the 5th century hundreds of fanciful Jesus cross stories existed. Rancorous Church Councils decided which were 'sacred' 'pious romances.' Do the claims for Jesus include the suspension of the laws of physics? Absolutely. A mere carpenter but a worker of miracles. Setting aside the miasma of "Faith" we require rather more evidence for a miracle than a normal activity, not less. Yet every purported evidence for Jesus turns out to be spuriously dubious or non-existent. This includes no contemporary record of Jesus; no evidence for Nazareth in the 1st century; tampered works of non-Christian writers to insert 'evidence'; testimony of early Christians who didn't believe in a human Jesus anyway; gospels which flatly contradict each other; myriad instances of 'Jesus stories' copied from earlier legends and other cultures; and so on and so on. We have both a motive for Christian fabrication of a myth and the evidence of centuries of myth creation. In other words, what we find "in the beginning" is the same venality and wicked charlatanism that followed, century after century, in each becoming more vicious and ruthless. But what we do have is a vast knowledge of Caesar who was an eyewitness to many of the events he describes in his commentaries. He wrote not for posterity but to have an immediate impact on the power players in Rome. The elapsed time between the wars and Caesar's own writing was a matter of months or at most a few years. In contrast, the elapsed time between the gospel reports and the supposed events that they describe is at least 40 years for 'Mark' and 60-70 years for the other three Gospels. And just who was witness to that ludicrous nativity? The three blind mice of course 30-odd years before the Grand finale? At the most generous understanding, 'Luke' and 'Matthew' were recording hearsay testimony a century after evil angels, shepherds and wise men went calling. The unembellished truth is that the gospel accounts were written by eyewitnesses to nothing but their own skills of fabrication. For good reason, based on spatial and temporal proximity alone, historian’s, scholar’s and theologians give more credence to Caesar's commentaries than to the gospels, no matter how prolifically they were copied. "Do you know," says the Apologist, "there is only one manuscript copy of Caesar's Gallic Wars and that dates from the 10th century? In contrast there are 20,000 manuscripts of the gospels, in various languages, dating from the 6th to 12th centuries. Doesn't that PROVE the correctness of the New Testament"! The logic is appalling – as if a lie repeated a hundred times bested a single truth. The really significant point is how few Christian manuscripts – or even scraps of manuscripts – exist from before this spurious evil cultus became endorsed as the state religion of the Roman Empire and thereby stealing all nomena Latin titles from the righteous. Whole libraries of ancient wisdom and erudition were torched by the Christians. For centuries, by Church dictate they covered up the pax roman a means to remind the sane who is the true saviour of peace and son of god, the only remaining literature was the dreary diet of biblical fantasy. 'The Church forgery mill did not limit itself to mere writings but for centuries cranked out thousands of phony "relics" of its "Lord," "Apostles" and "Saints" There were at least 26 'authentic' burial shrouds scattered throughout the abbeys of Europe, of which the Shroud of Turin is just one … At one point, a number of churches claimed the one foreskin of Jesus, and there were enough splinters of the "True Cross" that Calvin said the amount of wood would make "a full load for a good ship." ‘(Acharya S, the Christ Conspiracy) you see they did not have the toga of the god Julius Caesar so they forged a Shroud of Turin
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Stilicho
Replied to:  What the Roman Empire before its creation?
Well, I'll try to describe the Europe before the institution of the roman empire.

Great Britain was populated by a galaxy of celtic tribes.
France was populated by many prosperous gallic nations.
Spain was hold by a confederation of celtiberian people.
Maroc was ruled by the king of Maurii.
Algeria was ruled by Numidians.
Tunisia and Lybia belonged to Chartago.
Sicily was disputed by Carthaginians in the West and greek cities in the East.
The northen part of Italy was populated by gallic tribes.
Italic people lived in the rest of Italy, apart from the southern coasts, where rich greek colonies prospered.
Semi-nomadic people lived in the ex-jugoslavia.
Dacii had a strong kingdom in the current Romania.
Greek-Macedonians ruled over the entire Greece.
As you probably know, Egypt was under the control of the pharaon of the progeny of Tolomeus.
Syria and Turkey were divided into many independent hellenistic kingdoms, such as the one of Mitridates (Pontus), Anthiocus (Syria), Nicomedes (Bitinia).
In Iraq and Iran the powerful empire of Parthii controlled all the Middle East area.
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mariawings
Replied to:  After Constantine the apostate perverted the roman populace and made Christianity...
Who wrote this historian information about cristianity?
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Augustus1
Replied to:  Who wrote this historian information about cristianity?
For 1000 years wise and logical scholars have questioned the story of Jesus. they have seriously doubted the veracity of the gospel saga, have peeled away the layers of Sinister distortions,fraud, plagiarism, hypocrisy, deceit and eventually have challenged the very existence of the insanity godman.
Hermann Samuel Reimarus (1694-1768).1778, On the Intention of Jesus and His Teaching. Enlightenment thinker and professor of Oriental languages at the Hamburg Gymnasium, his extensive writings – published after his death – rejected 'revealed religion' and argued for a naturalistic deism. Reimarus charged the gospel writers with conscious fraud and innumerable contradictions.
Francois Marie Arouet (Voltaire) (1694-1778) The most influential figure of the Enlightenment was educated at a Jesuit college yet concluded, "Christianity is the most ridiculous, the most absurd, and bloody religion that has ever infected the world ... The true God cannot have been born of a girl, nor died on a gibbet, nor be eaten in a piece of dough." Imprisoned, exiled, his works banned and burned, Voltaire's great popularity in revolutionary France assured him a final resting place in the Pantheon in Paris. Religious extremists stole his remains and dumped them in a garbage heap.
Edward Evanson, 1792, The Dissonance of the Four Generally Received Evangelists and the Evidence of their Respective Authenticity. English rationalist challenged apostolic authorship of the 4th Gospel and denounced several Pauline epistles as spurious.
Charles François Dupuis, 1794, Origine de tous les Cultes ou La Religion universelle. Astral-mythical interpretation of Christianity (and all religion). “A great error is more easily propagated, than a great truth, because it is easier to believe, than to reason, and because people prefer the marvels of romances to the simplicity of history.” Dupuis destroyed most of his own work because of the violent reaction it provoked.
Thomas Paine, 1795, The Age of Reason. Pamphleteer who made the first call for American independence (Common Sense, 1776; Rights of Man, 1791) Paine poured savage ridicule on the contradictions and atrocities of the Bible. Like many American revolutionaries Paine was a deist:
Robert Taylor, 1828, Syntagma Of The Evidences Of The Christian Religion; 1829, Diegesis. Taylor was imprisoned for declaring mythical origins for Christianity. "The earliest Christians meant the words to be nothing more than a personification of the principle of reason, of goodness, or that principle, be it what it may, which may most benefit mankind in the passage through life.”
Bruno Bauer, 1841, Criticism of the Gospel History of the Synoptics. 1877, Christus und die Caesaren. Der Hervorgang des Christentums aus dem romischen Griechentum. The original iconoclast. Bauer contested the authenticity of all the Pauline epistles (in which he saw the influence of Stoic thinkers like Seneca) and identified Philo's role in emergent Christianity. Bauer rejected the historicity of Jesus himself. "Everything that is known of Jesus belongs to the world of imagination." As a result in 1842 Bauer was ridiculed and removed from his professorship of New Testament theology at Tübingen.
Kersey Graves, 1875, The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviours. Pennsylvanian Quaker who saw through to the heart of Christian fabrications, though rarely cited sources for his far-reaching conclusions.
Bronson C. Keeler, 1881, A Short History of the Bible. A classic exposé of Christian fraud.
Abraham Dirk Loman, 1882, "Quaestiones Paulinae," in Theologisch Tijdschrift. Professor of theology at Amsterdam who said all the epistles date from the 2nd century. Loman explained Christianity as a fusion of Jewish and Roman-Hellenic thinking. When he went blind Loman said his blindness gave him insight into the dark history of the church!
Thomas William Doane, 1882, Bible Myths and their Parallels in Other Religions. Outdated but a classic revelation of pagan antecedents of biblical myths and miracles. Voodoo doll is a mystical wicked
Practice committed by Cross worshipers, The Voodoo doll & the unholy Cross is used to represent the spirit of a specific person. You can address the doll or as if you are talking to that person, requesting a change in attitude, influencing the person to act in accordance with your evil wishes, evil desires
once in possession of a Voodoo doll OR CROSS, you can request the doll to call upon evil forces. This ceremony is carried out to persuade the evil spirits to exert their influence in this world. It's a system of beliefs originating in Africa. It is estimated that Voodoo has over fifty million followers worldwide most are Christian infidels. Voodoo flourishes in Rome, Brazil, Trinidad, Jamaica, Cuba, Haiti, and New Orleans and in private homes in every country in the world in the form of a CROSS!

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mariawings
Replied to:  For 1000 years wise and logical scholars have questioned the story...
You have done research about Jesus and cristianity and I think that is very wise about you. I do the same when I'm interested in a topic. But, there is something you have not done, and is ask Jesus "were you, and are you still real?" Ask Jesus for a sign. Something that will convince you that he is real. I was like you but he convinced me that he was and is real. Every human being will eventually die imagine if Jesus was and is real and when we die there is a resurrection like he preached and Jesus is right in front of us, what excuse do we have for not believing in him? We have the holy scriptures there is no excuse. Is just like a student who is sure that he knows enough about a test and he does not study. When he takes the test he flunks. Now whose fault it is? The teacher, the mother, the father? only he is responsible.
If I was you I would not take a chance. What do you have to loose. You are not giving out your house, money, children, spouse and your life.
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Augustus1
Replied to:  You have done research about Jesus and cristianity and I think...
The following crimes or sin's entailed this penalty of crucifixion under Roman Law : piracy, highway robbery,
assassination, forgery, false testimony, terrorism, mutiny, high treason, rebellion Soldiers that deserted to the enemy and slaves who
denounced their masters ("delatio domini") were also punished by death on
the cross. I,E SCUM,
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stephenmann35
Replied to:  What the Roman Empire before its creation?
Before the Republic, Rome was a kingdom. It was at first a collection of Italic tribes. Then sometime around 750 BC, it was united by "Latins" from Lydia (in Turkey) as a colony(my opinion). The originals then became the patricians of Rome. Then Rome was conquered by the Etruscans until it rebelled (before 500 BC).

Afterwards, it became a Republic ruled by patricians (over the plebians). Finally, after several wars with neighboring tribes and invading Celts, the plebians gained representation (due to the Grachis- the Kennedys of Rome). Only after the Punic Wars and its conquest of Gaul, did Rome again become a monarchy (before the AD period). The main reason for its eventual downfall, in my opinion, was Constantine's decision to withdraw freedom of religion and to convert all his subjects to Catholic Christinaity.

The ironic effect of this was to cause the Empire to sectionalize into "heresies" as its subjects became obsessed with religious differences (after 350 AD).

Steve
Stephenmann35@yahoo.com
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Explorer72
Replied to:  Before the Republic, Rome was a kingdom. It was at first...
Well said, Steve.

The Roman Republic existed for about 500 years before Caesar, the Triumverate, and the civil wars that led to the Julio- Claudians becoming the Empire's first ruling dynasty.
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