Yahya Karawi
Encyclopedia
Yahya Karawi was the leader of the Sarbadars
of Sabzewar from around 1351 until his death.
in around 1351. He had been informed beforehand about the assassination plot, and afterwards protected Shams al-Din 'Ali's murderer, Haidar Qassib
. Unlike his predecessor, Yahya was a religious moderate and did not maintain many of Shams al-Din Ali's social programs.
Early in his reign, Yahya undertook negotiations with the Ilkhanid claimant Togha Temur
, who ruled in Astarabad. The Sarbadars had achieved independence from Togha Temur, but the two sides had subsequently come to a military stalemate. As a result of these negotiations, Yahya agreed to recognize Togha Temur as his suzerain and to pay him tribute. Furthermore, he agreed to present himself before the khan on an annual basis to renew his pledge of loyalty, something no Sarbadar leader had ever been compelled to do before. The Sarbadars therefore became vassals to the khan.
In fact, this was all part of a plan by Yahya to eliminate Togha Temur for good. The appearance of the khan's name on Sarbadar coinage as well as the shipment of the promised tribute allayed Togha Temur's doubts about the sincerity of Yahya's intentions. Therefore, when Yahya and a group of 300 Sarbadars showed up at Togha Temur's camp in December of 1353, he let Yahya and two others enter his tent armed. As the two leaders were speaking, one of the Sarbadars drew an axe and struck Togha Temur. Yahya then decapitated the khan. After Togha Temur was killed, the Sarbadars spread out through the camp and attacked the khan's troops. Most of them were quickly slaughtered. The Sarbadars even killed all of the animals in the camp in an effort to cripple the nomads' way of life. His victory complete, Yahya then annexed the khan's domains, including Astarabad.
Unfortunately for Yahya, he did not long outlast the khan. In 1355 or 1356 he was assassinated. His nephew, Zahir al-Din Karawi
, was then installed by Haidar Qassib as head of the Sarbadars.
Sarbadars
The Sarbadars were a mixture of religious dervishes and secular rulers that came to rule over part of western Khurasan in the midst of the disintegration of the Mongol Ilkhanate in the mid-14th century...
of Sabzewar from around 1351 until his death.
Reign
Yahya, an aristocrat, came to power after the assassination of Khwaja Shams al-Din 'AliKhwaja Shams al-Din 'Ali
Khwaja Shams al-Din 'Ali was the leader of the Sarbadars of Sabzewar from 1348 until his death.-Biography:Shams al-Din 'Ali was a member of the Sabzewar aristocracy and a leader of one of one of the city guilds. During Shaikh Hasan Juri's lifetime, he had been an adviser to him, and was a...
in around 1351. He had been informed beforehand about the assassination plot, and afterwards protected Shams al-Din 'Ali's murderer, Haidar Qassib
Haidar Qassib
Haidar Qassāb was the head of the Sarbadars of Sabzewar from 1355/56 until his death.-Biography:A possible member of the artisan guild, Haidar Qassāb served in the government of Khwaja Shams al-Din 'Ali as a collector of urban craft and trade taxes...
. Unlike his predecessor, Yahya was a religious moderate and did not maintain many of Shams al-Din Ali's social programs.
Early in his reign, Yahya undertook negotiations with the Ilkhanid claimant Togha Temur
Togha Temür
Togha Temür , also known as Taghaytimur, was a claimant to the throne of the Ilkhanate in the mid-14th century. Of the many individuals who attempted to become Ilkhan after the death of Abu Sa'id, Togha Temür was the only one who hailed from eastern Iran, and was the last major candidate who was of...
, who ruled in Astarabad. The Sarbadars had achieved independence from Togha Temur, but the two sides had subsequently come to a military stalemate. As a result of these negotiations, Yahya agreed to recognize Togha Temur as his suzerain and to pay him tribute. Furthermore, he agreed to present himself before the khan on an annual basis to renew his pledge of loyalty, something no Sarbadar leader had ever been compelled to do before. The Sarbadars therefore became vassals to the khan.
In fact, this was all part of a plan by Yahya to eliminate Togha Temur for good. The appearance of the khan's name on Sarbadar coinage as well as the shipment of the promised tribute allayed Togha Temur's doubts about the sincerity of Yahya's intentions. Therefore, when Yahya and a group of 300 Sarbadars showed up at Togha Temur's camp in December of 1353, he let Yahya and two others enter his tent armed. As the two leaders were speaking, one of the Sarbadars drew an axe and struck Togha Temur. Yahya then decapitated the khan. After Togha Temur was killed, the Sarbadars spread out through the camp and attacked the khan's troops. Most of them were quickly slaughtered. The Sarbadars even killed all of the animals in the camp in an effort to cripple the nomads' way of life. His victory complete, Yahya then annexed the khan's domains, including Astarabad.
Unfortunately for Yahya, he did not long outlast the khan. In 1355 or 1356 he was assassinated. His nephew, Zahir al-Din Karawi
Zahir al-Din Karawi
Zahir al-Din Karawi was the leader of the Sarbadars of Sabzewar for a part of 1355/56.-Reign:Zahir al-Din was the nephew of Yahya Karawi. After his uncle's murder in 1355 or 1356, the partisans of Wajih ad-Din Mas'ud attempted to take control of the government and install Mas'ud's son Lutf Allah as...
, was then installed by Haidar Qassib as head of the Sarbadars.