Waste treatment technologies
Encyclopedia
There a number of different waste treatment technologies for the disposal, recycling
, storage, or energy recovery
from different waste types
. Each type has its own associated methods of waste management
.
Municipal solid waste consists mainly of household and commercial waste which is disposed of by or on behalf of a local authority. Landfills waste are categorized by either being hazardous, non-hazardous or inert waste. In order for a landfill design to be considered it must abide by the following requirements: final landforms profile, site capacity, settlement , waste density, materials requirements and drainage.
The advantages of incineration are reduction of volume and mass by burning, reduction to a percentage of sterile ash, source of energy, increase of income by selling bottom ash, and is also environmentally acceptable.
The disadvantages of incineration are the following :
Emissions from Incinerators consists of particulates , heavy metals, pollutant gases, odor dust and litter. Do to incomplete combustion products such as dioxins and furans are formed.
Recycling
Recycling is processing used materials into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution and water pollution by reducing the need for "conventional" waste disposal, and lower greenhouse...
, storage, or energy recovery
Energy recovery
Energy recovery includes any technique or method of minimizing the input of energy to an overall system by the exchange of energy from one sub-system of the overall system with another...
from different waste types
Waste types
Waste comes in many different forms:*Solid Wastes*Gaseous Wastes*Animal by-products*Biodegradable waste*Biomedical waste*Bulky waste*Business waste*Chemical waste*Clinical waste*Coffee wastewater*Commercial waste...
. Each type has its own associated methods of waste management
Waste management
Waste management is the collection, transport, processing or disposal,managing and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics...
.
Landfill
Municipal solid waste consists mainly of household and commercial waste which is disposed of by or on behalf of a local authority. Landfills waste are categorized by either being hazardous, non-hazardous or inert waste. In order for a landfill design to be considered it must abide by the following requirements: final landforms profile, site capacity, settlement , waste density, materials requirements and drainage.
Incineration
The advantages of incineration are reduction of volume and mass by burning, reduction to a percentage of sterile ash, source of energy, increase of income by selling bottom ash, and is also environmentally acceptable.
The disadvantages of incineration are the following :
- higher cost and longer pay back period due to high capital investment
- since incineration is design on the basis of a certain calorific value removing paper and plastics for recycling lowers the overall calorific value that may affect the incinerator performance
- the process still produces a solid waste residue at the end which still requires treatment and management
Emissions from Incinerators consists of particulates , heavy metals, pollutant gases, odor dust and litter. Do to incomplete combustion products such as dioxins and furans are formed.
See also
- List of solid waste treatment technologies
- List of waste water treatment technologies
- List of nuclear waste treatment technologies
- Waste-to-energyWaste-to-energyWaste-to-energy or energy-from-waste is the process of creating energy in the form of electricity or heat from the incineration of waste source. WtE is a form of energy recovery...