WEOS
Encyclopedia
WEOS is a college radio station licensed to Geneva, New York
Geneva, New York
Geneva is a city in Ontario and Seneca counties in the U.S. state of New York. The population was 13,617 at the 2000 census. Some claim it is named after the city and canton of Geneva in Switzerland. Others believe the name came from confusion over the letters in the word "Seneca" written in cursive...

, broadcasting
Broadcasting
Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and video content to a dispersed audience via any audio visual medium. Receiving parties may include the general public or a relatively large subset of thereof...

 primarily on 89.7 FM across the Finger Lakes
Finger Lakes
The Finger Lakes are a pattern of lakes in the west-central section of Upstate New York in the United States. They are a popular tourist destination. The lakes are long and thin , each oriented roughly on a north-south axis. The two longest, Cayuga Lake and Seneca Lake, are among the deepest in...

 region of New York. It also broadcasts on a smaller relay transmitter on 90.3FM in Geneva (call sign W212BA). The station is owned by The Colleges of the Seneca, Inc., the legal name of Hobart and William Smith Colleges
Hobart and William Smith Colleges
Hobart and William Smith Colleges, located in Geneva, New York, are together a liberal arts college offering Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science and Master of Arts in Teaching degrees. In athletics, however, the two schools compete with separate teams, known as the Hobart Statesmen and the...

. The Board of Trustees of the Colleges are the owners, with the current President Mark Gearan
Mark Gearan
Mark Daniel Gearan is a politician, lawyer and communications expert. Gearan is the current president of Hobart and William Smith Colleges in Geneva, New York.-Early life and education:...

 as its Chair.

The programming is primarily NPR
NPR
NPR, formerly National Public Radio, is a privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization that serves as a national syndicator to a network of 900 public radio stations in the United States. NPR was created in 1970, following congressional passage of the Public Broadcasting...

/public radio
Public broadcasting
Public broadcasting includes radio, television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service. Public broadcasters receive funding from diverse sources including license fees, individual contributions, public financing and commercial financing.Public broadcasting may be...

, with a focus more on news/talk shows.

Programming

WEOS is an affiliate of National Public Radio, Public Radio International
Public Radio International
Public Radio International is a Minneapolis-based American public radio organization, with locations in Boston, New York, London and Beijing. PRI's tagline is "Hear a different voice." PRI is a major public media content creator and also distributes programs from many sources...

, American Public Media
American Public Media
American Public Media is the second largest producer of public radio programs in the United States of America after NPR. Its non-profit parent, American Public Media Group, also owns and operates radio stations in Minnesota, California, and Florida. Its station brands are Minnesota Public Radio,...

 and Pacifica Radio
Pacifica Radio
Pacifica Radio is the oldest public radio network in the United States. It is a group of five independently operated, non-commercial, listener-supported radio stations that is known for its progressive/liberal political orientation. It is also a program service supplying over 100 affiliated...

. In addition, it acquires "public radio"-style programming from the Public Radio Satellite System
Public Radio Satellite System
The Public Radio Satellite System is the interconnected satellite-distributed network managed by NPR , and used by NPR, Public Radio International , and American Public Media , as well as independent public radio program producers, to distribute programming via satellite to public radio stations...

, and from the internet, from various national and local sources.

WEOS also maintains an active "community calendar" listing of local events. There are also regular special broadcasts of lectures, panel discussions, symposiums and live concerts from local and regional colleges and arts centers.

In general, it maintains a public radio format. Most of the programming is of a news/talk/information style, although there are a few hours of music shows on weekdays, and several hours on weekends. Some programming is produced locally by volunteer community DJs, others by Hobart and William Smith students.

Broadcast range

WEOS reaches most of the central Finger Lakes region of New York State. There are two FM transmitters: a primary and a repeater or "translator" station. Both broadcast the exact same programming.
  • WEOS 89.7FM: (licensed to Geneva, NY) Located on a cellphone tower on Lake to Lake Road, near the village of Gorham, NY. Licensed for 4,000 watts effective radiated power
    Effective radiated power
    In radio telecommunications, effective radiated power or equivalent radiated power is a standardized theoretical measurement of radio frequency energy using the SI unit watts, and is determined by subtracting system losses and adding system gains...

     (ERP) (directional) via a 3-bay/full-wavelength Shively 6810 antenna array. Uses a Harris Z8HDC transmitter to create a HD Radio
    HD Radio
    HD Radio, which originally stood for "Hybrid Digital", is the trademark for iBiquity's in-band on-channel digital radio technology used by AM and FM radio stations to transmit audio and data via a digital signal in conjunction with their analog signals...

     digital signal. Serves the Finger Lakes region. Actual reception of WEOS can vary significantly with local terrain and the quality of receiver/antenna.
  • W212BA 90.3FM: (licensed to Geneva, NY) Located on a tower on top of the Winn-Seeley Gym
    Gym
    The word γυμνάσιον was used in Ancient Greece, that mean a locality for both physical and intellectual education of young men...

    nasium on the Hobart and William Smith Colleges
    Hobart and William Smith Colleges
    Hobart and William Smith Colleges, located in Geneva, New York, are together a liberal arts college offering Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science and Master of Arts in Teaching degrees. In athletics, however, the two schools compete with separate teams, known as the Hobart Statesmen and the...

     campus. Licensed for 88 watts ERP (omni-directional) via a 4-bay/full-wavelength ERI antenna array. Currently operating under Special Temporary Authority from the Federal Communications Commission
    Federal Communications Commission
    The Federal Communications Commission is an independent agency of the United States government, created, Congressional statute , and with the majority of its commissioners appointed by the current President. The FCC works towards six goals in the areas of broadband, competition, the spectrum, the...

     (FCC) to transmit 44 watts ERP. Uses a Larcan DRT01 & LA25 heterodyning transmitter to copy WEOS's 89.7FM signal and retransmit it on 90.3FM, also in HD Radio. Serves downtown Geneva and the HWS campus; if you are in those areas and having trouble receiving 89.7FM cleanly, try tuning in 90.3FM instead.




Time Warner Cable, Ithaca: Residents of Ithaca who have Time Warner Cable
Time Warner Cable
Time Warner Cable is an American cable television company that operates in 28 states and has 31 operating divisions...

 service and a radio that has FM antenna jacks, preferably a coaxial
Coaxial
In geometry, coaxial means that two or more forms share a common axis; it is the three-dimensional linear analogue of concentric.Coaxial cable, as a common example, has a wire conductor in the centre a circumferential outer conductor and an insulating medium called the dielectric separating...

 jack, may also connect their radio directly to the cable TV jack and hear WEOS on 95.1FM.

WITH 90.1FM: Related to WEOS is WITH
WITH (FM)
WITH is a radio station serving Ithaca, New York and the surrounding area. It is owned in a partnership between Rochester's WXXI Radio and Hobart and William Smith Colleges and went on the air on May 24, 2010. WITH broadcasts in HD, with a AAA music format, and has a full time classical service on...

 90.1FM (licensed to Ithaca, NY) broadcasting from the WSQG (WSKG) 90.9FM tower in North Lansing, with 1,000 watts ERP (omni-directional). WITH broadcasts a separate programming schedule from WEOS, focusing mostly on Triple-A
Adult album alternative
Adult album alternative is a radio format. A spinoff from the album-oriented rock format, its roots trace to the 1960s and 1970s from the earlier freeform and progressive formats....

 music. WITH is a partnership endeavor between WEOS and Rochester's WXXI Public Broadcasting Council.

WVWA 90.3FM: (licensed to Auburn, NY) This is an as-yet unbuilt FCC Construction Permit
Construction permit
A construction permit or building permit is a permit required in most jurisdictions for new construction, or adding on to pre-existing structures, and in some cases for major renovations. Generally, the new construction must be inspected during construction and after completion to ensure compliance...

 to build a station. Currently licensed to be built on a tower near the Cayuga County 911 center, with 4,300 watts ERP (directional, aimed west)

History: before NPR

WEOS started in 1947 or 1948 as a carrier current radio station at Hobart and William Smith Colleges, primarily as a means of rebroadcasting recorded lectures from Western Civilization or other classes for students to either re-hear, or in some cases, hear for the first time if they missed class. However, there are records and citations that mention broadcast experiments and other related efforts in earlier years, one involving the broadcast of a Hobart and Union College
Union College
Union College is a private, non-denominational liberal arts college located in Schenectady, New York, United States. Founded in 1795, it was the first institution of higher learning chartered by the New York State Board of Regents. In the 19th century, it became the "Mother of Fraternities", as...

 football game in 1920.

The station was operated by students, many of which were part of the Delta Chi fraternity. The station's studios were in Smith Hall, before moving to the basement of Sherrill Hall, where real broadcast studios were built in the 1960s. The studios remained there until 1998.

The Station was granted a construction permit in 1970, for 91.3 MHz, at 10 watts ERP. However, this frequency would have precluded Syracuse from getting a public radio station (WCNY-FM
WCNY-FM
WCNY-FM is a public radio station in Syracuse, New York that plays classical music and is a National Public Radio member station...

). Through negotiation, the station applied for and changed its frequency to its current 89.7FM. The station went on the air in 1971, broadcasting a variety of programs both recorded and live, all forms of music, news, and sports, including those of NPR. The transmitter site was on the roof of Eaton Hall.

Through a series of power increases and improvements, the station increased its power and coverage in steps, first to 250 watts, then 460 watts, and finally 1500 watts. The latter moved the transmitter site and tower to the roof of Winn-Seeley Gymnasium in the mid 1970s. The station had an old RCA transmitter and a Phelps-Dodge 4 bay antenna.

In July 1988, lightning struck the antenna, and a fire destroyed the transmitter and related equipment. The transmitter was to be replaced and back on the air by the start of the school year, but the new transmitter was destroyed in-transit in a truck accident. The replacement transmitter did not arrive until mid December 1988. The Harris FM1-K was installed in a new location in Winn-Seeley gym, including its Optimod 8100A. The STL link was a buried multi-conductor shielded audio cable running from building to building from Sherrill Hall in the old Alpha System fire alarm conduit. The station used to run audio and voltages on these cables, in a home built remote control. The advent of the new transmitter, and a new remote control, allowed for the stereo send/return audio from Remote Pick up transmitters (MARTI) and the data to use this cable, which when equalized, was flat from 15 Hz to 22 kHz!

In 1989, the antenna failed, and was replaced by an ERI 4 bay antenna which is still used today for a translator, W212BA 90.3FM.

In 1994, The station applied for and was granted a construction permit to move the transmitter site off campus. For years, there was an effort to get the station's transmitter up on "Bean's Hill" to lessen multipath and help improve coverage. This came to pass with a move to Stanley, NY, on a tower site owned by Ontario County
Ontario County, New York
As of the census of 2000, there were 100,224 people, 38,370 households, and 26,360 families residing in the county. The population density was 156 people per square mile . There were 42,647 housing units at an average density of 66 per square mile...

 public safety. The station went on the air from that site briefly, before moving to a permanent new tower site directly behind the Ontario County Site on Lake to Lake Road. The ERP was raised to 4KW, with a directional antenna, to protect co-channel WITR
Witr
Witr is an Islamic prayer that is performed at night after isha'a and before fajr . There are a few distinguishing factors of the witr prayer that sets it apart from the fard and sunnah prayers. Witr has an odd number of rakat prayed in pairs, with the final raka'ah prayed separately...

 89.7FM and adjacent channel WRVO
WRVO
WRVO 89.9 FM is a member-supported public radio station in Oswego, New York. Owned by the State University of New York at Oswego, it operates from studios in the Penfield Library on the SUNY Oswego campus.- Programming :...

 89.9FM. This greatly improved the WEOS coverage area, and added better coverage towards Ithaca.

About this time, The Colleges added W212BA, at 90.3FM at 88 watts to fill in the signal on the campus. This translator broadcasts from the old WEOS transmitter site on Winn Seeley Gym. In November 2007, W212BA was upgraded to broadcast in digital HD Radio
HD Radio
HD Radio, which originally stood for "Hybrid Digital", is the trademark for iBiquity's in-band on-channel digital radio technology used by AM and FM radio stations to transmit audio and data via a digital signal in conjunction with their analog signals...

.

WEOS was also on the air in Ithaca, at 88.1 FM, 245 watts ERP (directional) on W201CD, owned by Ithaca Community Radio, until May 2010.

The Colleges also own WITH 90.1FM licensed to Ithaca,NY, at 1000 watts (non-directional/omni) from the WSQG 90.9FM tower in Lansing, north of Ithaca. WITH is operated in cooperation with WXXI
WXXI
WXXI Public Broadcasting Council is a community non-profit organization of some 36,000 subscribing members in the Rochester, New York metropolitan area, and owns that city's major public television and Community radio stations, and other broadcasting services....

as per an agreement announced on April 6, 2010. WITH broadcasts primarily a AAA music format.

History: after NPR

Up until 1990, the station was at the will and whim of the students and community volunteers, as to when the station would sign on the air. In 1988, the Colleges' President, Carroll Brewster charged WEOS to become more consistent in its programming, and to pursue adding public radio programming. This was in part due to the adjacent channel issue caused with the main NPR news outlet at that time, WRVO. This was, in part, a mistake that the FCC made: allowing WRVO a power increase that actually interferes with WEOS. This interference still exists to this day, and the FCC did not remedy the error.

Due to the "gray area" of no "city-grade" (70 dBu) coverage of public radio in the Finger Lakes, WEOS was allowed to broadcast public radio programming from NPR and PRI as an auxiliary member station beginning in December 1990. WEOS also became a Pacifica Radio affiliate at that time.

At first, there was resistance from students, who equated "public radio" with classical music
Classical music
Classical music is the art music produced in, or rooted in, the traditions of Western liturgical and secular music, encompassing a broad period from roughly the 11th century to present times...

. However, resistance quickly went away when Gulf War I occurred, and WEOS became a primary source in the area for up-to-the-minute news and information. Around 1990 WEOS also started broadcasting 24-hours a day. WEOS's schedule was adjusted so that a bulk of its news and information programming is in the day time, leaving the evening hours for music programming, by staff, students, and community volunteers. WEOS continues to produce the broadcast of visiting speakers, sporting events, live concerts, and other programming, including speakers at Cornell University.

The station's 24/7 non-commercial
Non-commercial
Non-commercial refers to an activity or entity that does not in some sense involve commerce, at least relative to similar activities that do have a commercial objective or emphasis...

 news and electric music format serves a potential audience of nearly 300,000 people, with a large percentage of the listenership in the Ithaca and southern Finger Lakes area. NPR News, Pacifica, and PRI programming are a mainstay, with local music and other programming, including broadcasts of Hobart Statesmen and William Smith Heron athletic contests.

In 1998 the station's studios moved from Sherill Hall to their current location in a converted house at 113 Hamilton Street.

In 2004, WEOS was the first station in western New York State to broadcast in HD Radio digital audio broadcasting. In 2008, WEOS would expand its HD offering by converting the on-campus "repeater" station, 90.3FM W212BA, to HD Radio broadcasting as well.

WEOS also originated broadcasts for the NCAA in the early 1990s of the Men's NCAA Lacrosse Championships. This continued in the 1990s, and the broadcasts were carried by radio stations both in the United States and worldwide, including Japan and Australia. WEOS uplinked the broadcasts to both the Public Radio Satellite and commercial satellite carriers. This effort started in 1992 in Philadelphia. WEOS has also distributed web only broadcasts of various tournaments, including the NCAA Women's Field Hockey Championships, NCAA Women's Lacrosse Championships, and the ECAC Men's Division I Hockey Championships. WEOS has also fed the Liberty League Basketball Championships to the web, as web only events.

WEOS was an early adopter of webcasting, using Webradio and Broadcast America for streaming. WEOS uses Public Interactive for its streaming, and also for web-based audio archives/podcasts.

Community and corporate contributions (often obtained during year round quiet fund drives) have helped the station grow in its ability to produce more local coverage and support the addition of full time staff members.

Original programing

WEOS produces or originates many programs of its own or from area producers. These include:
  • The Fisher Center Lectures Series
  • President's Forum
  • The President's Radio Show
  • Hobart Statesmen & William Smith Herons Athletics sportscasts
  • Cornell Lecture Series
  • The Izzy Awards from the Park Center for Independent Media at Ithaca College
    Ithaca College
    Ithaca College is a private college located on the South Hill of Ithaca, New York. The school was founded by William Egbert in 1892 as a conservatory of music. The college has a strong liberal arts core, but also offers several pre-professional programs and some graduate programs. The college is...

  • Gospel Outreach with Patti Blue
  • Jazz and More with Jake Longwell
  • The Metallic Onslaught with Joe Wyatt
  • Live From Geneva - live concert broadcasts from the Smith Opera House

Original programming distributed nationally

WEOS also produces programs that are, or have been, distributed to other stations across the country. These include:

Former programs

Since many of WEOS's locally produced shows are done by unpaid volunteers, or by HWS students, they don't always last. Here is a partial list of their shows that, for whatever reason, aren't produced anymore. Or aren't produced at WEOS anymore.
  • The Grapevine
  • Sound Salvation
  • The Nobody Show (grew into the Homelessness Marathon)
  • Marathon (still produced, but independent of WEOS)
  • In the Zone
  • To The Point
  • JG & The Chill Hour
  • The Uncle Ziggy Show
  • Justifying The Means
  • Plato's Cave
  • Outward Bound
  • Unwelcome Guests
  • WEOS Radio Theatre

Hosting national broadcasts

WEOS has something of a reputation for hosting local broadcasts of national hosts or programs. These include:
  • Nov.2008 - Amy Goodman
    Amy Goodman
    Amy Goodman is an American progressive broadcast journalist, syndicated columnist, investigative reporter and author. Goodman is the host of Democracy Now!, an independent global news program broadcast daily on radio, television and the internet.-Early life:Goodman was born in Bay Shore, New York...

     host of Democracy Now, at the Smith Opera House in Geneva.
  • Oct.2009 - NPR's Talk of the Nation Science Friday, with Ira Flatow
    Ira Flatow
    Ira Flatow is a radio and television journalist and author who hosts National Public Radio's popular Science Friday. He is probably best known on TV for hosting Newton's Apple, a television science program for children and their families.-Biography:...

    , at Cornell University
    Cornell University
    Cornell University is an Ivy League university located in Ithaca, New York, United States. It is a private land-grant university, receiving annual funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions...

     in Bailey Hall, Ithaca.
  • Nov.2009 - NPR's World Cafe
    World Cafe
    World Cafe is a two-hour long, nationally syndicated music radio program that originates from WXPN, a non-commercial station licensed to the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The program began in 1991 and was originally distributed by Public Radio...

    with David Dye, at the State Theater
    State Theater (Ithaca, New York)
    State Theater is a historic movie theater located at Ithaca in Tompkins County, New York. It is the result of a conversion project carried out in 1928 on a garage and automobile showroom to convert it to a movie palace and roadhouse...

     in Ithaca. Featuring musical guest Lyle Lovett
    Lyle Lovett
    Lyle Pearce Lovett is an American singer-songwriter and actor. Active since 1980, he has recorded thirteen albums and released 21 singles to date, including his highest entry, the number 10 chart hit on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, "Cowboy Man"...

     and his Large Band.
  • Apr.2010 - David Sedaris
    David Sedaris
    David Sedaris is a Grammy Award-nominated American humorist, writer, comedian, bestselling author, and radio contributor....

    , author and frequent contributor to PRI's This American Life
    This American Life
    This American Life is a weekly hour-long radio program produced by WBEZ and hosted by Ira Glass. It is distributed by Public Radio International on PRI affiliate stations and is also available as a free weekly podcast. Primarily a journalistic non-fiction program, it has also featured essays,...

    , at the State Theater
    State Theater (Ithaca, New York)
    State Theater is a historic movie theater located at Ithaca in Tompkins County, New York. It is the result of a conversion project carried out in 1928 on a garage and automobile showroom to convert it to a movie palace and roadhouse...

     in Ithaca.
  • Jun.2010 - Says You with host Richard Sher, at the Smith Opera House in Geneva.
  • Jun.2010 - PRI's Whad'ya Know with Michael Feldman
    Michael Feldman
    Michael Feldman is an American radio personality. He is the host of Michael Feldman's Whad'Ya Know?, a radio program distributed by Public Radio International...

    , at the State Theater in Ithaca.

Podcasts

WEOS also podcasts their original programs. They offer a version of pubcatcher to manage their podcasts called the WEOS Jukebox.

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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