Volvo D5 engine
Encyclopedia
The Volvo
D5 is a type of turbocharged diesel engine
developed by Volvo Car Corporation for use in its passenger cars.
It is an all aluminium
five-cylinder
engine with 20 valves and double overhead camshaft
s. In all but one late version it has a VGT
turbocharger of the type VNT (Variable Nozzle Turbine), common rail
direct injection and cooled exhaust gas recirculation.
There are three generations of D5 engines. The first generation was introduced in 2001; the second generation was introduced in 2005 and the third was introduced in 2009.
The second generation got a slight reduction in stroke and has a reduced compression ratio
, a water-cooled VNT turbocharger with a bigger compressor and an electric servo motor
to adjust the vanes, an improved EGR
system, a throttle valve, revised intake and exhaust ports and a newer generation of common-rail direct injection with improved injectors.
The third generation got a further reduction in compression ratio
, a two stage turbo system (D5244T10), an improved EGR
system, revised intake and exhaust ports and a newer generation of common-rail direct injection with higher pressure and piezoelectric injectors.
Volvo has a special version of the D5 for use in the C30, S40, V50 and C70 models that produces 180 hp
and 400 Nm
of torque (reduced to 350 Nm with automatic transmission). The engine compartments of these cars are smaller so among other things the engine has a different air intake system, different exhaust system, smaller charge air cooler and a smaller radiator.
The D5244T is also offered as a marine engine by Volvo Penta
under the name D3. The marinised engine is in large parts identical to D52244T. This includes crankshaft, pistons, camshafts, valves, cylinder block, cylinder head, turbo, injectors and the high pressure pump. The D3 ECU has a modified software, which e.g. gives a modified torque suited for marine applications and has a simplified starting sequence. The hardware differences between D5244T and D3 are: a water-cooled inter-cooler, a water-cooled exhaust manifold, a heavier monolithic crankwheel, a seawater-pump and a heat exchanger
.
The output is 110 hp at 3,000 rpm, 130 hp, 160 hp, 190 hp, 220 hp at 4,000 rpm and it is coupled to a duoprop I/O system.
Note: 'D5' is branding. All these engines share the five-cylinder block, although not all consistently used the 'D5' badge over time. This is due to changes in hardware and the specific model the engine was deployed in. E.g. On the S60 -05 range, the D5244T was labelled 'D5', and subsequently the D5244T5 was labelled '2.4D' as a (software) detuned version of the D5244T4 'D5' on the 05-09 range.
Volvo Cars
Volvo Car Corporation, or Volvo Personvagnar AB, is a Swedish automobile manufacturer founded in 1927, in Gothenburg, Sweden. It is owned by Zhejiang Geely Holding Group. Volvo was originally formed as a subsidiary company to the ball bearing maker SKF. When Volvo AB was introduced on the Swedish...
D5 is a type of turbocharged diesel engine
Diesel engine
A diesel engine is an internal combustion engine that uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition to burn the fuel, which is injected into the combustion chamber...
developed by Volvo Car Corporation for use in its passenger cars.
It is an all aluminium
Aluminium
Aluminium or aluminum is a silvery white member of the boron group of chemical elements. It has the symbol Al, and its atomic number is 13. It is not soluble in water under normal circumstances....
five-cylinder
Cylinder (engine)
A cylinder is the central working part of a reciprocating engine or pump, the space in which a piston travels. Multiple cylinders are commonly arranged side by side in a bank, or engine block, which is typically cast from aluminum or cast iron before receiving precision machine work...
engine with 20 valves and double overhead camshaft
Camshaft
A camshaft is a shaft to which a cam is fastened or of which a cam forms an integral part.-History:An early cam was built into Hellenistic water-driven automata from the 3rd century BC. The camshaft was later described in Iraq by Al-Jazari in 1206. He employed it as part of his automata,...
s. In all but one late version it has a VGT
Variable geometry turbocharger
Variable-geometry turbochargers are a family of turbochargers, usually designed to allow the effective aspect ratio of the turbo to be altered as conditions change. This is done because optimum aspect ratio at low engine speeds is very different from that at high engine speeds...
turbocharger of the type VNT (Variable Nozzle Turbine), common rail
Common rail
Common rail direct fuel injection is a modern variant of direct fuel injection system for petrol and diesel engines.On diesel engines, it features a high-pressure fuel rail feeding individual solenoid valves, as opposed to low-pressure fuel pump feeding unit injectors...
direct injection and cooled exhaust gas recirculation.
There are three generations of D5 engines. The first generation was introduced in 2001; the second generation was introduced in 2005 and the third was introduced in 2009.
The second generation got a slight reduction in stroke and has a reduced compression ratio
Compression ratio
The 'compression ratio' of an internal-combustion engine or external combustion engine is a value that represents the ratio of the volume of its combustion chamber from its largest capacity to its smallest capacity...
, a water-cooled VNT turbocharger with a bigger compressor and an electric servo motor
Servo motor
thumb|right|200px|Industrial servomotorThe grey/green cylinder is the [[Brush |brush-type]] [[DC motor]]. The black section at the bottom contains the [[Epicyclic gearing|planetary]] [[Reduction drive|reduction gear]], and the black object on top of the motor is the optical [[rotary encoder]] for...
to adjust the vanes, an improved EGR
Exhaust gas recirculation
In internal combustion engines, exhaust gas recirculation is a nitrogen oxide emissions reduction technique used in petrol/gasoline and diesel engines. EGR works by recirculating a portion of an engine's exhaust gas back to the engine cylinders. In a gasoline engine, this inert exhaust...
system, a throttle valve, revised intake and exhaust ports and a newer generation of common-rail direct injection with improved injectors.
The third generation got a further reduction in compression ratio
Compression ratio
The 'compression ratio' of an internal-combustion engine or external combustion engine is a value that represents the ratio of the volume of its combustion chamber from its largest capacity to its smallest capacity...
, a two stage turbo system (D5244T10), an improved EGR
Exhaust gas recirculation
In internal combustion engines, exhaust gas recirculation is a nitrogen oxide emissions reduction technique used in petrol/gasoline and diesel engines. EGR works by recirculating a portion of an engine's exhaust gas back to the engine cylinders. In a gasoline engine, this inert exhaust...
system, revised intake and exhaust ports and a newer generation of common-rail direct injection with higher pressure and piezoelectric injectors.
Volvo has a special version of the D5 for use in the C30, S40, V50 and C70 models that produces 180 hp
Horsepower
Horsepower is the name of several units of measurement of power. The most common definitions equal between 735.5 and 750 watts.Horsepower was originally defined to compare the output of steam engines with the power of draft horses in continuous operation. The unit was widely adopted to measure the...
and 400 Nm
Newton metre
A newton metre is a unit of torque in the SI system. The symbolic form is N m or N·m, and sometimes hyphenated newton-metre...
of torque (reduced to 350 Nm with automatic transmission). The engine compartments of these cars are smaller so among other things the engine has a different air intake system, different exhaust system, smaller charge air cooler and a smaller radiator.
The D5244T is also offered as a marine engine by Volvo Penta
Volvo Penta
Volvo Penta was founded in 1907 in conjunction with the production of the first marine engine, B1. The Penta company soon became an established internal combustion engine manufacturer, which in 1927 delivered the engine to Volvo's first passenger car....
under the name D3. The marinised engine is in large parts identical to D52244T. This includes crankshaft, pistons, camshafts, valves, cylinder block, cylinder head, turbo, injectors and the high pressure pump. The D3 ECU has a modified software, which e.g. gives a modified torque suited for marine applications and has a simplified starting sequence. The hardware differences between D5244T and D3 are: a water-cooled inter-cooler, a water-cooled exhaust manifold, a heavier monolithic crankwheel, a seawater-pump and a heat exchanger
Heat exchanger
A heat exchanger is a piece of equipment built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another. The media may be separated by a solid wall, so that they never mix, or they may be in direct contact...
.
The output is 110 hp at 3,000 rpm, 130 hp, 160 hp, 190 hp, 220 hp at 4,000 rpm and it is coupled to a duoprop I/O system.
| D5244T | D5244T2 | D5244T4 | D5244T5 | D5244T7 | D5244T8 | D5244T13 | D5244T18 | D5244T10 | D5244T11 | D5244T14 | D5244T15 | D5244T16 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Max power | 163 PS /4,000 rpm |
130 PS /4,000 rpm |
185 PS /4,000 rpm |
163 PS /4,000 rpm |
126 PS /4,000 rpm |
180 PS /4,000 rpm |
180 PS /4,000 rpm |
200 PS /3,900 rpm |
205 PS /4,000 rpm |
215 PS /4,000 rpm |
175 PS /3,000-4,000 rpm |
215 PS /4,000 rpm |
163 PS /4,000 rpm |
| Max torque | 340 newton metre /1,750-2,750 rpm |
280 newton metre /1,750-3,000 rpm |
400 newton metre /2,000-2,750 rpm |
340 newton metre /1,750-2,250 rpm |
300 newton metre /1,750-2,750 rpm |
350 newton metre /1,750-3,250 rpm |
400 newton metre /2,000-2,750 rpm |
420 newton metre /1,900-2,800 rpm |
420 newton metre /1,500-3,250 rpm |
420 newton metre /1,500-3,250 rpm |
420 newton metre /1,500-2,750 rpm |
440 newton metre /1,500-3,000 rpm |
420 newton metre /1,500-2,500 rpm |
| Max engine speed | 4,600 rpm | 4,600 rpm | 5,000 rpm | 5,000 rpm | 5,000 rpm | 5,000 rpm | 5,000 rpm | 5,000 rpm | 5,200 rpm | 5,200 rpm | 5,000 rpm | 5,200 rpm | 5,000 rpm |
| Bore | 81 mm (3.19 inches) | ||||||||||||
| Stroke | 93.2 mm (3.67 inches) | 93.15 mm (3.667 inches) | |||||||||||
| Cylinder capacity | 2401 cc | 2400 cc | |||||||||||
| Compression ratio | 18:1 | 17.3:1 | 16.5:1 | ||||||||||
| Charging system | VNT | Two stage turbo | VNT | Two stage turbo | |||||||||
| Common rail Common rail Common rail direct fuel injection is a modern variant of direct fuel injection system for petrol and diesel engines.On diesel engines, it features a high-pressure fuel rail feeding individual solenoid valves, as opposed to low-pressure fuel pump feeding unit injectors... |
Second generation (1600 bar) | Third generation (1800 bar) | |||||||||||
| D5204T2 | D5204T5 | D5204T | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Max power | 163 PS /2,900 rpm |
150 PS /3,500 rpm |
177 PS /3,500 rpm |
| Max torque | 400 newton metre /1,400-2,850 rpm |
350 newton metre /1,500-2,750 rpm |
400 newton metre /1,750-2,750 rpm |
| Max engine speed | 4,400 rpm | 5,000 rpm | 5,000 rpm |
| Bore | 81 mm (3.19 inches) | ||
| Stroke | 77 mm (3.03 inches) | ||
| Cylinder capacity | 1984 cc | ||
| Compression ratio | 16.5:1 | ||
| Charging system | VNT | ||
| Common rail Common rail Common rail direct fuel injection is a modern variant of direct fuel injection system for petrol and diesel engines.On diesel engines, it features a high-pressure fuel rail feeding individual solenoid valves, as opposed to low-pressure fuel pump feeding unit injectors... |
Third generation (1800 bar) | ||
Note: 'D5' is branding. All these engines share the five-cylinder block, although not all consistently used the 'D5' badge over time. This is due to changes in hardware and the specific model the engine was deployed in. E.g. On the S60 -05 range, the D5244T was labelled 'D5', and subsequently the D5244T5 was labelled '2.4D' as a (software) detuned version of the D5244T4 'D5' on the 05-09 range.