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Ugric or Ugrian languages are a branch of the Finno-Ugric
Finno-Ugric languages

Finno-Ugric is a group of languages in the Uralic languages family, comprising Finnish language, Estonian language, Hungarian language and related languages....
 language family
Language family

A language family is a group of languages related Genetic from a common ancestor, called the proto-language of that family.As with Alpha taxonomy, the evidence of relationship is observable shared characteristics....
. The term derives from Yugra
Yugra

Yugra was the name of the lands between the Pechora River and Urals in the Russian annals of the 12th–17th centuries, as well as the name of the Khanty and partly Mansi tribes inhabiting these territories....
.

They include three languages: Hungarian
Hungarian language

Hungarian is a Uralic languages unrelated to most other languages in Europe. It is mainly spoken in Hungary and by the Hungarian minorities in the seven neighbouring countries....
 (Magyar), and the Ob-Ugric languages, Khanty
Khanty language

Khanty or Xanty language, also known as the Ostyak language, is a language of the Khant peoples. It is spoken in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug okrugs, as well as in Aleksandrovsky District, Tomsk Oblast and Kargosoksky District, Tomsk Oblast districts of Tomsk Oblast in Russia....
 (Ostyak) and Mansi language
Mansi language

The Mansi language is a language of the Mansi. It is spoken in territories of Russia along the Ob River and its tributary, including the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and the Sverdlovsk Oblast....
 (Vogul). Their common Proto-Ugric language was probably spoken from the end of the 3rd millennium BC until the first half of the 1st millennium BC, in Western Siberia
Siberia

Siberia , is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of North Asia and for the most part currently serving as the massive central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, having served in the same capacity previously for the Soviet Union from its beginning, and the Russian Empire beginning in the 16th century....
, east from the southern Ural mountains
Ural Mountains

The Ural Mountains are a mountain range that runs roughly north and south through western Russia. They are usually considered as the natural boundary between Europe and Asia....
.








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Ugric or Ugrian languages are a branch of the Finno-Ugric
Finno-Ugric languages

Finno-Ugric is a group of languages in the Uralic languages family, comprising Finnish language, Estonian language, Hungarian language and related languages....
 language family
Language family

A language family is a group of languages related Genetic from a common ancestor, called the proto-language of that family.As with Alpha taxonomy, the evidence of relationship is observable shared characteristics....
. The term derives from Yugra
Yugra

Yugra was the name of the lands between the Pechora River and Urals in the Russian annals of the 12th–17th centuries, as well as the name of the Khanty and partly Mansi tribes inhabiting these territories....
.

They include three languages: Hungarian
Hungarian language

Hungarian is a Uralic languages unrelated to most other languages in Europe. It is mainly spoken in Hungary and by the Hungarian minorities in the seven neighbouring countries....
 (Magyar), and the Ob-Ugric languages, Khanty
Khanty language

Khanty or Xanty language, also known as the Ostyak language, is a language of the Khant peoples. It is spoken in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug okrugs, as well as in Aleksandrovsky District, Tomsk Oblast and Kargosoksky District, Tomsk Oblast districts of Tomsk Oblast in Russia....
 (Ostyak) and Mansi language
Mansi language

The Mansi language is a language of the Mansi. It is spoken in territories of Russia along the Ob River and its tributary, including the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and the Sverdlovsk Oblast....
 (Vogul). Their common Proto-Ugric language was probably spoken from the end of the 3rd millennium BC until the first half of the 1st millennium BC, in Western Siberia
Siberia

Siberia , is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of North Asia and for the most part currently serving as the massive central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, having served in the same capacity previously for the Soviet Union from its beginning, and the Russian Empire beginning in the 16th century....
, east from the southern Ural mountains
Ural Mountains

The Ural Mountains are a mountain range that runs roughly north and south through western Russia. They are usually considered as the natural boundary between Europe and Asia....
.

Structural features


  • Distinct verb conjugations according to the transitivity
    Transitivity (grammatical category)

    In linguistics, transitivity is a property of verbs that relates to whether a verb can take direct objects. It is closely related to valency ....
     of the verb. It is sometimes termed as “definite” versus “indefinite” conjugation, because also the definiteness
    Definiteness

    In grammar, definiteness is a feature of noun phrases, distinguishing between entities which are specific and identifiable in a given context and entities which are not ....
     of the object
    Object (grammar)

    An object in grammar is a sentence element and part of the sentence Predicate . It denotes somebody or something involved in the subject's "performance" of the verb....
     can play a role when selecting between the two
  • Verbal Prefixes - modify the meaning of the verb in both concrete and abstract ways


Examples from Mansi

el(a) - 'forwards, onwards, away'


jom- 'to go, to stride'el-jom- 'to go away/on'
tinal- 'to sell'el-tinal- 'to sell off'


?ot - 'direction away from something and other nuances of action intensity'


min- 'to go'?ot-min- 'to go away, to stop'
ro?t- 'to be frightened'?ot-ro?t- 'to take fright suddenly'


Examples from Hungarian

el - 'away, off'


ugrik 'to jump'elugrik 'to jump away'
mosolyog 'to smile'elmosolyodik 'to start to smile'


ki - 'out (of)'


ugrik 'to jump'kiugrik 'to jump out'
olvas 'to read'kiolvas 'to read out'


(In Hungarian, the citation form
Citation form

In linguistics the citation form of a word can mean:* its canonical form or lemma : the form of an inflection word given in dictionaries or glossaries, thus also called the dictionary form....
 of verbs is the 3rd person singular form, which is given here, which doesn't have any suffixes.)

See also


  • Finno-Ugric languages
    Finno-Ugric languages

    Finno-Ugric is a group of languages in the Uralic languages family, comprising Finnish language, Estonian language, Hungarian language and related languages....
  • Uralic languages
    Uralic languages

    The Uralic languages constitute a language families of 39 languages spoken by approximately 25 million people. The healthiest Uralic languages in terms of the number of native speakers are Hungarian language, Finnish language, Estonian language, Mari language and Udmurt language....