Tickseed
Encyclopedia
Coreopsis is a genus
of herbs in the family Asteraceae
. This group of plants is related to sunflower
. The plants may be from one and a half feet to four feet (46 to 120 centimeters) high. The flat fruits are small and dry and look like bugs. Many of its 35 to 114 species are cultivated. Twenty-eight species are native to North America and the others come from Central and South America. The flowers are usually yellow with a toothed tip. They have showy flower heads with involucral bract
s in two distinct series of eight each, the outer being commonly connate at the base. The name Coreopsis is derived from the Greek words κορις (koris), meaning "bedbug
," and ὄψις (opsis), meaning "view," referring to the shape of the achene
.
Coreopsis species are used as food plants by the caterpillars of some Lepidoptera
species including Coleophora acamtopappi
.
Coreopsis is closely related to Bidens
. In fact, neither Coreopsis nor Bidens, as defined in the 20th century, is monophyletic
. One group which does seem to be monophyletic consists of temperate species from North America, including five sections of Coreopsis, Bidens coronata and Bidens tripartita
, and the genus Thelesperma
(five species).
All Coreopsis species were designated the state wildflower of Florida in the United States in 1991.
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of herbs in the family Asteraceae
Asteraceae
The Asteraceae or Compositae , is an exceedingly large and widespread family of vascular plants. The group has more than 22,750 currently accepted species, spread across 1620 genera and 12 subfamilies...
. This group of plants is related to sunflower
Sunflower
Sunflower is an annual plant native to the Americas. It possesses a large inflorescence . The sunflower got its name from its huge, fiery blooms, whose shape and image is often used to depict the sun. The sunflower has a rough, hairy stem, broad, coarsely toothed, rough leaves and circular heads...
. The plants may be from one and a half feet to four feet (46 to 120 centimeters) high. The flat fruits are small and dry and look like bugs. Many of its 35 to 114 species are cultivated. Twenty-eight species are native to North America and the others come from Central and South America. The flowers are usually yellow with a toothed tip. They have showy flower heads with involucral bract
Bract
In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis, or cone scale. Bracts are often different from foliage leaves. They may be smaller, larger, or of a different color, shape, or texture...
s in two distinct series of eight each, the outer being commonly connate at the base. The name Coreopsis is derived from the Greek words κορις (koris), meaning "bedbug
Bedbug
Cimicidae are small parasitic insects. The most common type is Cimex lectularius. The term usually refers to species that prefer to feed on human blood...
," and ὄψις (opsis), meaning "view," referring to the shape of the achene
Achene
An achene is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are monocarpellate and indehiscent...
.
Coreopsis species are used as food plants by the caterpillars of some Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera is a large order of insects that includes moths and butterflies . It is one of the most widespread and widely recognizable insect orders in the world, encompassing moths and the three superfamilies of butterflies, skipper butterflies, and moth-butterflies...
species including Coleophora acamtopappi
Coleophora
Coleophora is a very large genus of moths of the family Coleophoridae. It contains some 1,350 described species. The genus is represented on all continents, but the majority are found in the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions...
.
Coreopsis is closely related to Bidens
Bidens
Bidens is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It contains about 200 species. The common names beggarticks, black jack, bur-marigolds, stickseeds, tickseeds and tickseed sunflowers refer to the achene burrs on the seeds of this genus, most of which are barbed...
. In fact, neither Coreopsis nor Bidens, as defined in the 20th century, is monophyletic
Monophyly
In common cladistic usage, a monophyletic group is a taxon which forms a clade, meaning that it contains all the descendants of the possibly hypothetical closest common ancestor of the members of the group. The term is synonymous with the uncommon term holophyly...
. One group which does seem to be monophyletic consists of temperate species from North America, including five sections of Coreopsis, Bidens coronata and Bidens tripartita
Bidens tripartita
Bidens tripartita, commonly known as Three-lobe Beggarticks, Three-part Beggarticks, Leafy-bracted Beggarticks or Trifid Bur-marigold, is a flowering plant in the genus Bidens. It is native to large parts of the Northern hemisphere, including Europe, the Indian subcontinent, North America,...
, and the genus Thelesperma
Thelesperma
Thelesperma is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae. Members of the genus are used by a number of the southwestern Native American tribes as a tea, as such it is sometimes called "Navajo Tea," "Hopi Tea," etc. T. megapotamicum contains luteolin...
(five species).
All Coreopsis species were designated the state wildflower of Florida in the United States in 1991.
Classification
One classification of the genus into sections is:- Coreopsis sect. Calliopsis
- Coreopsis sect. Coreopsis
- Coreopsis sect. Eublepharis
- Coreopsis sect. Gyrophyllum
- Coreopsis sect. Leptosyne
- Coreopsis sect. Pugiopappus
- Coreopsis sect. Silphidium
- Coreopsis sect. Tuckermannia
Selected species
- Coreopsis auriculataCoreopsis auriculataCoreopsis auriculata is a plant species of the genus coreopsis in Asteraceae. Coreopsis species are commonly called Tickseeds. This species is perennial growing from 10–30 cm tall and sometimes to 60+ cm . Pants with rounded yellow colored flowers bloom in spring and early summer...
L. – Lobed Tickseed - Coreopsis basalisCoreopsis basalisCoreopsis basalis is a plant species of the genus Coreopsis in Asteraceae. Coreopsis species are commonly called tick seeds. These annuals grow 10–50+ cm tall with yellow flower heads marked in red-brown to purple near the base of the ray laminae, blooming in spring and early summer...
(A.Dietr.) S.F.Blake – Goldenmane Tickseed - Coreopsis bigeloviiCoreopsis bigeloviiCoreopsis bigelovii is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Bigelow's tickseed. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the coastal and inland mountains and the deserts of the southern half of the state. It is widespread in a number of habitat types...
(A.GrayAsa Gray-References:*Asa Gray. Dictionary of American Biography. American Council of Learned Societies, 1928–1936.*Asa Gray. Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed. 17 Vols. Gale Research, 1998.*Asa Gray. Plant Sciences. 4 vols. Macmillan Reference USA, 2001....
) Voss – Bigelow's Tickseed - Coreopsis californicaCoreopsis californicaCoreopsis californica is an annual plant species of the genus Coreopsis in Asteraceae. Coreopsis species are commonly called tickseeds....
(Nutt.) H.Sharsm. – California Tickseed - Coreopsis calliopsideaCoreopsis calliopsideaCoreopsis calliopsidea is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name leafstem tickseed. It is endemic to California where it grows in some of the southern coastal mountain ranges and the Mojave Desert. This is an annual herb producing one or more stems with erect...
(DC.) A.Gray – Leafstem Tickseed - Coreopsis cuneifolia Greenm.
- Coreopsis cyclocarpa S.F.Blake
- Coreopsis delphiniifoliaCoreopsis delphiniifoliaCoreopsis delphiniifolia is a perennial plant species of the genus Coreopsis in Asteraceae. Coreopsis species are commonly called tickseeds....
Lam. – Larkspurleaf Tickseed - Coreopsis douglasiiCoreopsis douglasiiCoreopsis douglasii is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Douglas' tickseed. It is endemic to California where it grows on the slopes of the Transverse Ranges and the Inner South Coast Ranges adjacent to the western edge of the Central Valley...
(DC.) H.M.Hall – Douglas's Tickseed - Coreopsis floridana E.B.Sm. – Florida Tickseed
- Coreopsis giganteaCoreopsis giganteaCoreopsis gigantea is a woody perennial plant native to California and Baja California. The stem is a trunk 1-2 m tall, 4-10 cm diameter. Bright green leaves and flowers are on the top of the trunk, the rest of the trunk is bare. The flowers are yellow, daisy-like, 6-20 cm...
(Kellogg) H.M.Hall – Giant Coreopsis - Coreopsis gladiataCoreopsis gladiataCoreopsis gladiata is a perennial plant species of the genus Coreopsis in Asteraceae. Coreopsis species are commonly called tickseeds....
Walter – Coastalplain Tickseed - Coreopsis grandifloraCoreopsis grandifloraCoreopsis grandiflora is a perennial plant species of the tickseed genus, Coreopsis, in Asteraceae. The common name is large-flowered tickseed....
Hogg ex Sweet – Large-flowered Tickseed - Coreopsis hamiltoniiCoreopsis hamiltoniiCoreopsis hamiltonii is an annual plant species of the genus Coreopsis in Asteraceae. This species typically grows 10 to 20 cm tall or sometimes taller when in bloom. The foliage is low growing, producing bright golden yellow colored flower heads and red purplish tinted peduncles. The...
(Elmer) H. Sharsm. – Mount Hamilton Tickseed - Coreopsis integrifolia Poir. – Fringeleaf Tickseed
- Coreopsis intermedia Sherff – Goldenwave Tickseed
- Coreopsis lanceolata L. – Lance Coreopsis, Lance-leaf Tickseed
- Coreopsis latifolia Michx. – Broadleaf Tickseed
- Coreopsis leavenworthiiCoreopsis leavenworthiiCoreopsis leavenworthii is an annual or short lived perennail plant species of the genus Coreopsis in Asteraceae. It is often grouped within Coreopsis tinctoria which it resembles. Plants typically grow 30 to 70 cm tall with yellow flower heads that sometimes have reddish-brown blotches at...
Torr. & A.Gray – Leavenworth's Tickseed - Coreopsis linifoliaCoreopsis linifoliaCoreopsis linifolia is a plant species of the genus Coreopsis in Asteraceae. Coreopsis species are commonly called tickseeds....
Nutt. – Texas Tickseed - Coreopsis majorCoreopsis majorCoreopsis major is a plant species of the genus coreopsis in Asteraceae. Coreopsis species are commonly called tick seeds....
Walter – Greater Tickseed - Coreopsis maritimaCoreopsis maritimaCoreopsis maritima is a plant species of the genus Coreopsis in Asteraceae. Coreopsis species are commonly called tickseeds. This species is a perennial that grows 10–40 cm tall but sometimes to 80 cm...
(Nutt.) Hook.f. – Sea Dahlia - Coreopsis mcvaughii D.J.Crawford
- Coreopsis mutica DC.
- Coreopsis nudataCoreopsis nudataCoreopsis nudata is a herbaceous perennial plant species of the genus Coreopsis in Asteraceae. Coreopsis species are commonly called tickseeds....
Nutt. – Georgia Tickseed - Coreopsis nuecensisCoreopsis nuecensisCoreopsis nuecensis is a plant species of the genus Coreopsis in Asteraceae. Coreopsis species are commonly called tickseeds....
A.Heller – Crown Tickseed - Coreopsis nuecensoides E.B.Sm. – Rio Grande Tickseed
- Coreopsis palmataCoreopsis palmataCoreopsis palmata is a plant species of the genus Coreopsis in the daisy family. Its common name is stiff coreopsis....
Nutt. – Stiff Tickseed - Coreopsis paludosa M.E.Jones
- Coreopsis petrophila A.Gray
- Coreopsis petrophiloides B.L.Rob. & Greenm.
- Coreopsis pubescensCoreopsis pubescensCoreopsis pubescens is a plant species of the genus Coreopsis in Asteraceae. Coreopsis species are commonly called tickseeds....
Elliott – Star Tickseed - Coreopsis pulchraCoreopsis pulchraCoreopsis pulchra Boynt. is a North American wildflower in the Asteraceae family. Its common names are woodland tickseed, showy tickseed, and beautiful tickseed. Its native range is Georgia and Alabama, where it grows in open woods and on sandstone outcrops. It blooms from June through September,...
F.E.Boynton – Woodland Tickseed - Coreopsis roseaCoreopsis roseaCoreopsis rosea is a plant species of the genus Coreopsis in Asteraceae. Coreopsis species are commonly called tickseeds. It is native to eastern North America, in a number of Atlantic states and Nova Scotia, Canada. It grows in wet areas such as marsh edges. Unlike most Coreopsis species, the...
Nutt. – Pink Tickseed - Coreopsis rudis (Benth.) Hemsl.
- Coreopsis stillmaniiCoreopsis stillmaniiCoreopsis stillmanii is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Stillman's tickseed. It is endemic to California, where it grows in the Central Valley and most of the adjacent coastal and inland mountain ranges. This is an annual herb producing one or more erect...
(A.Gray) S.F.Blake – Stillman's Tickseed - Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. – Plains Coreopsis
- Coreopsis tripterisCoreopsis tripterisCoreopsis tripteris is a plant species of the genus Coreopsis in Asteraceae. Coreopsis species are commonly called tickseeds. This species is one of the tallest growing coreopsis and plants bloom late summer into fall. Native from Eastern and Central United States, were it is found growing in...
L. – Tall Tickseed - Coreopsis verticillataCoreopsis verticillataCoreopsis verticillata is a perennial plant of the genus Coreopsis in Asteraceae. The common names of the species are whorled coreopsis, thread-leaved tickseed, thread leaf coreopsis, and pot-of-gold....
L. – Whorled Tickseed - Coreopsis wrightiiCoreopsis wrightiiCoreopsis wrightii is a plant species of the genus Coreopsis in Asteraceae. Coreopsis species are commonly called tickseeds....
(A.Gray) H.M.Parker – Rock Tickseed
Formerly placed here
|
|