Statutory Liquidity Ratio
Encyclopedia
Statutory liquidity ratio is the amount of liquid assets, such as cash, precious metals or other approved securities, that a financial institution must maintain as reserves other than the cash with the Central Bank. The statutory liquidity ratio is a term most commonly used in India.
expansion of bank credit.
The SLR is commonly used to contain inflation
and fuel growth, by increasing or decreasing it respectively. This counter acts by decreasing or increasing the money supply in the system respectively. Indian banks’ holdings of government securities (Government securities) are now close to the statutory minimum that banks are required to hold to comply with existing regulation. When measured in rupees, such holdings decreased for the first time in a little less than 40 years (since the nationalisation of banks in 1969) in 2005–06.
While the recent credit boom is a key driver of the decline in banks’ portfolios of G-Sec, other factors have played an important role recently.
These include:
Most G-Sec held by banks are long-term fixed-rate bonds, which are sensitive to changes in interest rates. Increasing interest rates have eroded banks’ income from trading in G-Sec.
Recently a huge demand in G-Sec was seen by almost all the banks when RBI released around 108000 crore rupees in the financial system. This was by reducing CRR, SLR & Repo rates. This was to increase lending by the banks to the corporates and resolve liquidity crisis
. Providing economy with the much needed fuel of liquidity to maintain the pace of growth rate. However the exercise became futile with banks being over cautious of lending in highly shaky market conditions. Banks invested almost 70% of this money to rather safe Govt securities than lending it to corporates.
SLR rate = total demand/time liabilities × 100%
This percentage is fixed by the central bank. The maximum and minimum limits for the SLR are 40% and 25% respectively in India. Following the amendment of the Banking regulation Act(1949) in January 2007, the floor rate of 25% for SLR was removed. Presently, the SLR is 25% with effect from 7 November 2009. It was raised from 24% in the RBI policy review on 27 October 2009.
Presently it has been reduced to 24% w.e.f. 18th December 2010.
SLR restricts the bank’s leverage in pumping more money into the economy. On the other hand, CRR, or cash reserve ratio
, is the portion of deposits that the banks have to maintain with the Central Bank to reduce liquidity in economy. Thus CRR controls liquidity in economy while SLR regulates credit growth in the country
The other difference is that to meet SLR, banks can use cash, gold or approved securities whereas with CRR it has to be only cash. CRR is maintained in cash form with central bank, whereas SLR is money deposited in govt. securities.
Objectives
The objectives of SLR arexpansion of bank credit.
- To augment the investment of the banks in government securities.
- To ensure solvency of banks. A reduction of SLR rates looks eminent to support the credit growth in India.
The SLR is commonly used to contain inflation
Inflation
In economics, inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services. Consequently, inflation also reflects an erosion in the purchasing power of money – a...
and fuel growth, by increasing or decreasing it respectively. This counter acts by decreasing or increasing the money supply in the system respectively. Indian banks’ holdings of government securities (Government securities) are now close to the statutory minimum that banks are required to hold to comply with existing regulation. When measured in rupees, such holdings decreased for the first time in a little less than 40 years (since the nationalisation of banks in 1969) in 2005–06.
While the recent credit boom is a key driver of the decline in banks’ portfolios of G-Sec, other factors have played an important role recently.
These include:
- Interest rate increases.
- Changes in the prudential regulation of banks’ investments in G-Sec.
Most G-Sec held by banks are long-term fixed-rate bonds, which are sensitive to changes in interest rates. Increasing interest rates have eroded banks’ income from trading in G-Sec.
Recently a huge demand in G-Sec was seen by almost all the banks when RBI released around 108000 crore rupees in the financial system. This was by reducing CRR, SLR & Repo rates. This was to increase lending by the banks to the corporates and resolve liquidity crisis
Liquidity crisis
In financial economics, liquidity is a catch-all term that may refer to several different yet closely related concepts. Among other things, it may refer to Asset Market liquidity In financial economics, liquidity is a catch-all term that may refer to several different yet closely related...
. Providing economy with the much needed fuel of liquidity to maintain the pace of growth rate. However the exercise became futile with banks being over cautious of lending in highly shaky market conditions. Banks invested almost 70% of this money to rather safe Govt securities than lending it to corporates.
Value and formula
The quantum is specified as some percentage of the total demand and time liabilities ( i.e. the liabilities of the bank which are payable on demand anytime, and those liabilities which are accruing in one months time due to maturity) of a bank.SLR rate = total demand/time liabilities × 100%
This percentage is fixed by the central bank. The maximum and minimum limits for the SLR are 40% and 25% respectively in India. Following the amendment of the Banking regulation Act(1949) in January 2007, the floor rate of 25% for SLR was removed. Presently, the SLR is 25% with effect from 7 November 2009. It was raised from 24% in the RBI policy review on 27 October 2009.
Presently it has been reduced to 24% w.e.f. 18th December 2010.
Difference between SLR and CRR
Both CRR and SLR are instruments in the hands of RBI to regulate money supply in the hands of banks that they can pump in economySLR restricts the bank’s leverage in pumping more money into the economy. On the other hand, CRR, or cash reserve ratio
Reserve requirement
The reserve requirement is a central bank regulation that sets the minimum reserves each commercial bank must hold of customer deposits and notes...
, is the portion of deposits that the banks have to maintain with the Central Bank to reduce liquidity in economy. Thus CRR controls liquidity in economy while SLR regulates credit growth in the country
The other difference is that to meet SLR, banks can use cash, gold or approved securities whereas with CRR it has to be only cash. CRR is maintained in cash form with central bank, whereas SLR is money deposited in govt. securities.