Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Encyclopedia
Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, known by their initials BVM, is a Roman Catholic religious order
founded in the United States by Mother Mary Frances Clarke
. BVM Sisters work in twenty-five U.S. state
s and three foreign countries.
, women who had been spending their days in Ireland, rented a small cottage and began an experiment in community living. Before long, the original four—Mary Frances Clarke
, Margaret Mann, Rose O’Toole, and Eliza Kelly—were joined by another, Catherine Byrne. Together, these five opened a school, Miss Clarke’s Seminary, for young girls on North Anne Street in Dublin.
In 1833, they met Patrick Costello, a Catholic priest from Philadelphia, who was convalescing in Dublin. From him the five learned about the plight of the Irish Catholic immigrants in America. After prayerful consideration and Fr. Costello's agreement to make arrangements for their arrival in the United States, the fellowship of women, except for Rose O'Toole (who remained in Dublin long enough to settle a family estate) decided to leave their homeland to teach in Philadelphia. They arrived in New York in September, 1833.
During their time at sea, the women had entrusted their money to Eliza Kelly. As she was climbing down a rope ladder to depart the ship, the money purse accidentally fell into the harbor. In addition to this setback, the women soon discovered that Fr. Costello had done nothing to prepare for their arrival, and that he himself was nowhere to be found. When they finally arrived in Philadelphia, they were taken in by Margaret McDonough, who found lodging, and directed them to a young priest, Fr. Terence James Donaghoe, who had just been named pastor of the yet-to-be-built parish of St. Michael’s. After meeting the women, Fr. Donaghoe invited them to teach in his parish school, as soon as it was completed. In the interim, the women decided to open a school of their own, which they named Sacred Heart.
On November 1, 1833, the group, while still in Ireland, made an act of consecration as the Sisters of the Blessed Virgin. In this act, the band of women took one more step in becoming a formal community of women religious sisters within the Roman Catholic tradition. Fr. Donaghoe became father director, while Mary Frances Clarke was named mother superior. For the next ten years, the sisters continued to teach as well as gain new members.
, who had been visiting Philadelphia, invited the sisters to come teach in the Iowa Territory
. So the pioneer BVMs, by then nineteen in number, moved to Dubuque, Iowa. They opened a new boarding school, St. Mary’s Female Academy, which was the predecessor of the St. Raphael Cathedral school. They were the first women religious in the Territory and would soon open many additional schools.
The first years of prairie life proved to be difficult: there continued to be disagreements between the differing immigrant communities, especially the German, Irish, and French. This fact, along with the need for more space—the community and school continued to grow—led the sisters to decide to move to a new location outside the city proper. In 1846 the community established its first motherhouse eight miles southwest of Dubuque on land they called St. Joseph's Prairie. The campus included a convent, a chapel, a house for Fr. Donaghoe, farmland, and a boarding school named St. Joseph Academy, a complement to St. Mary's which continued to thrive in town.
An 1849 fire destroyed the convent, school, and chapel. Resilient, the community immediately decided to rebuild. In 1855, to respond to another need of the time, the sisters opened a hospital on 14th Street in Dubuque. This was a short-lived venture and the building was subsequently used for another school, Sacred Heart. In 1859, the building again saw new life when the St. Joseph Prairie boarding school moved to the site.
During these early years, the number of towns at which there were schools continued to grow. An especially important era of growth began in 1867 when Jesuit Priest Arnold Damen invited the sisters to open a school at Holy Family in Chicago. The Sisters of Charity, BVM opened a number of schools throughout the city, including St. Mary’s and Immaculata High Schools.
approbation
of the community’s Rule, their governing constitutions. Approbation was given in 1877, which allowed the sisters to open schools anywhere in the world, without needing to gain permission from the Archbishop of Dubuque in whose geographical territory the motherhouse lie. Shortly after gaining approbation, another building was constructed to house the St. Joseph school. In 1881, Mt. St. Joseph opened on Seminary Street, which later became Clarke Drive.
After her death in 1887, Mary Frances Clarke was buried at the community cemetery, then still at St. Joseph's Prairie. The first major act of the next superior of the community, Mary Gertrude Regan, was to build a new motherhouse in town.
There was, once again, a need for more space and a need to be closer to train travel since the newest missions were as far away as California.
To honor Mary Frances Clarke, in 1928 the name of Mt. St. Joseph was changed to Clarke College
. The following year, construction began for another college, Mundelein College
in Chicago. This school remained open until 1991, when it became part of Loyola University. During this time, the community continued to focus on the education of both the students, and the teaching sisters. Beginning in 1957, BVM novitiates received two and a half years of additional education and formation to prepare them for classroom teaching.
During the later half of the twentieth century, the BVM community continued to grow in both size and number of missions. 1937 saw the opening of a school in Memphis at which the sisters began working directly with the African American community. A few years later, in 1945 a small group of sisters opened a school in Hawaii, and by 1961 there were sisters serving in Latin America. With sisters serving in so many locations, the community developed into a well-networked educational system that spanned the country, from New York to California, and beyond.
Throughout its history, the community has faced a number of fires. In addition to the 1849 fire at St. Joseph Prairie, there was a 1955 fire at the infirmary at the Dubuque motherhouse, a 1958 fire at Our Lady of the Angels
, a BVM grammar school in Chicago, and a 1984 fire at Clarke College.
, a joint project with the Carmelite Fathers. 1968 saw the closing of the last boarding school.
Vatican II, a significant event in the lives of Catholics was significant for the BVM community as well. In 1967 the Tenth General Chapter sought to respond to the invitations of the Council. Responses which followed included legislation approving a new government structure, TOPA (Totally Open Personal Application which gave sisters the freedom to apply for jobs of their choice), and an affiliate program, an organized grouping of non-vowed men and women interested in participating in the BVM values.
In recent years, the community has been actively involved in working for peace with justice. During the Civil Rights movement, sisters participated in the 1965 march to Selma. Today, there are a number of sisters who participate in the annual demonstration at the School of the Americas/Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation. Sisters of Charity are on the staff of NETWORK and the 8th Day Center for Justice
, a coalition of Catholic religious congregations striving for social change. The community has also taken a corporate stance against the death penalty, has declared that the Mount Carmel campus in Dubuque is a nuclear free zone, and supports national comprehensive immigration reform.
Since its beginning, the community has responded to the current needs of the day. There are currently sisters living in nineteen states, and in three foreign countries: Ghana, Ecuador, and Guatemala. Ministries of the sisters include working as hospital, hospice, and prison chaplains, working with those with addictions, people with AIDS, pastoral service, spiritual direction, counseling, and, of course, education.
November 1, 2007 was a year of jubilee to celebrate the 175th anniversary of the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The theme of the year was “Crossing the Waters, Currents of Hope: Celebrating 175 years of BVM Presence and Partnership.”
- Sister Mary Anne Lenore
- BVMs of Glendale, California
Religious order
A religious order is a lineage of communities and organizations of people who live in some way set apart from society in accordance with their specific religious devotion, usually characterized by the principles of its founder's religious practice. The order is composed of initiates and, in some...
founded in the United States by Mother Mary Frances Clarke
Mary Frances Clarke
Mother Mary Frances Clarke, B.V.M., was the foundress of the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary....
. BVM Sisters work in twenty-five U.S. state
U.S. state
A U.S. state is any one of the 50 federated states of the United States of America that share sovereignty with the federal government. Because of this shared sovereignty, an American is a citizen both of the federal entity and of his or her state of domicile. Four states use the official title of...
s and three foreign countries.
Mission
The BVM Sisters have a distinctive philosophy of living that:- incorporates the core values of Freedom, Education, Charity, and Justice;
- includes strong public witness against oppression brought about by unjust political and social structures;
- stands in solidarity with those marginalized by society, especially women and children.
Early history
In 1831, four Franciscan TertiariesTertiaries
Tertiaries may mean either:* associations of lay Christians connected with the mendicant and other religious Orders, i.e. Third orders* a bird's hand i.e. remiges....
, women who had been spending their days in Ireland, rented a small cottage and began an experiment in community living. Before long, the original four—Mary Frances Clarke
Mary Frances Clarke
Mother Mary Frances Clarke, B.V.M., was the foundress of the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary....
, Margaret Mann, Rose O’Toole, and Eliza Kelly—were joined by another, Catherine Byrne. Together, these five opened a school, Miss Clarke’s Seminary, for young girls on North Anne Street in Dublin.
In 1833, they met Patrick Costello, a Catholic priest from Philadelphia, who was convalescing in Dublin. From him the five learned about the plight of the Irish Catholic immigrants in America. After prayerful consideration and Fr. Costello's agreement to make arrangements for their arrival in the United States, the fellowship of women, except for Rose O'Toole (who remained in Dublin long enough to settle a family estate) decided to leave their homeland to teach in Philadelphia. They arrived in New York in September, 1833.
During their time at sea, the women had entrusted their money to Eliza Kelly. As she was climbing down a rope ladder to depart the ship, the money purse accidentally fell into the harbor. In addition to this setback, the women soon discovered that Fr. Costello had done nothing to prepare for their arrival, and that he himself was nowhere to be found. When they finally arrived in Philadelphia, they were taken in by Margaret McDonough, who found lodging, and directed them to a young priest, Fr. Terence James Donaghoe, who had just been named pastor of the yet-to-be-built parish of St. Michael’s. After meeting the women, Fr. Donaghoe invited them to teach in his parish school, as soon as it was completed. In the interim, the women decided to open a school of their own, which they named Sacred Heart.
On November 1, 1833, the group, while still in Ireland, made an act of consecration as the Sisters of the Blessed Virgin. In this act, the band of women took one more step in becoming a formal community of women religious sisters within the Roman Catholic tradition. Fr. Donaghoe became father director, while Mary Frances Clarke was named mother superior. For the next ten years, the sisters continued to teach as well as gain new members.
The Iowa Territory
In 1843, Bishop Matthias Loras of the Diocese of Dubuque, IowaDubuque, Iowa
Dubuque is a city in and the county seat of Dubuque County, Iowa, United States, located along the Mississippi River. In 2010 its population was 57,637, making it the ninth-largest city in the state and the county's population was 93,653....
, who had been visiting Philadelphia, invited the sisters to come teach in the Iowa Territory
Iowa Territory
The Territory of Iowa was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 4, 1838, until December 28, 1846, when the southeastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Iowa.-History:...
. So the pioneer BVMs, by then nineteen in number, moved to Dubuque, Iowa. They opened a new boarding school, St. Mary’s Female Academy, which was the predecessor of the St. Raphael Cathedral school. They were the first women religious in the Territory and would soon open many additional schools.
The first years of prairie life proved to be difficult: there continued to be disagreements between the differing immigrant communities, especially the German, Irish, and French. This fact, along with the need for more space—the community and school continued to grow—led the sisters to decide to move to a new location outside the city proper. In 1846 the community established its first motherhouse eight miles southwest of Dubuque on land they called St. Joseph's Prairie. The campus included a convent, a chapel, a house for Fr. Donaghoe, farmland, and a boarding school named St. Joseph Academy, a complement to St. Mary's which continued to thrive in town.
An 1849 fire destroyed the convent, school, and chapel. Resilient, the community immediately decided to rebuild. In 1855, to respond to another need of the time, the sisters opened a hospital on 14th Street in Dubuque. This was a short-lived venture and the building was subsequently used for another school, Sacred Heart. In 1859, the building again saw new life when the St. Joseph Prairie boarding school moved to the site.
During these early years, the number of towns at which there were schools continued to grow. An especially important era of growth began in 1867 when Jesuit Priest Arnold Damen invited the sisters to open a school at Holy Family in Chicago. The Sisters of Charity, BVM opened a number of schools throughout the city, including St. Mary’s and Immaculata High Schools.
Incorporation
After Fr. Donaghoe died in 1869, Mary Frances Clarke again took full leadership of the BVM organization, which she had, in effect, been co-directing with Fr. Donaghoe for its entire existence. Her first major act was to incorporate the community under Iowa law. A significant benefit of this was that property could be owned in the name of the Sisters of Charity rather than in the name of individual sisters. Following incorporation, Mary Frances Clarke began the process of seeking VaticanHoly See
The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
approbation
Approbation
Approbation is, in Roman Catholic canon law, an act by which a bishop or other legitimate superior grants to an ecclesiastic the actual exercise of his ministry....
of the community’s Rule, their governing constitutions. Approbation was given in 1877, which allowed the sisters to open schools anywhere in the world, without needing to gain permission from the Archbishop of Dubuque in whose geographical territory the motherhouse lie. Shortly after gaining approbation, another building was constructed to house the St. Joseph school. In 1881, Mt. St. Joseph opened on Seminary Street, which later became Clarke Drive.
After her death in 1887, Mary Frances Clarke was buried at the community cemetery, then still at St. Joseph's Prairie. The first major act of the next superior of the community, Mary Gertrude Regan, was to build a new motherhouse in town.
There was, once again, a need for more space and a need to be closer to train travel since the newest missions were as far away as California.
Continued growth
Since the beginning, education had been the dominant charism of the BVM community. This became no less true as the sisterhood continued to grow. Over the next several decades, community leaders spent significant resources on improving the education of the sisters, who were responsible for teaching a large number of students. In the early 1900s, the superior sent teaching sisters to summer school programs at De Paul, Marquette, and the Catholic University of America, as well as to special institutes run at St. Mary’s, one of the community run high schools in Chicago. This ongoing education was especially important for those sisters who taught at Mt. St. Joseph; in 1901 the school received permission to begin granting three-year college degrees.To honor Mary Frances Clarke, in 1928 the name of Mt. St. Joseph was changed to Clarke College
Clarke College
Clarke University is a four-year Catholic college located in Dubuque, Iowa, United States, with a general attendance of approximately 1,200 students. The school offers both undergraduate and graduate degree programs...
. The following year, construction began for another college, Mundelein College
Mundelein College
Mundelein College was the last private, independent, Roman Catholic women's college in Illinois. Located on the edge of the Rogers Park and Edgewater neighborhoods on the far north side of Chicago, Illinois, Mundelein College was founded and administered by the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed...
in Chicago. This school remained open until 1991, when it became part of Loyola University. During this time, the community continued to focus on the education of both the students, and the teaching sisters. Beginning in 1957, BVM novitiates received two and a half years of additional education and formation to prepare them for classroom teaching.
During the later half of the twentieth century, the BVM community continued to grow in both size and number of missions. 1937 saw the opening of a school in Memphis at which the sisters began working directly with the African American community. A few years later, in 1945 a small group of sisters opened a school in Hawaii, and by 1961 there were sisters serving in Latin America. With sisters serving in so many locations, the community developed into a well-networked educational system that spanned the country, from New York to California, and beyond.
Throughout its history, the community has faced a number of fires. In addition to the 1849 fire at St. Joseph Prairie, there was a 1955 fire at the infirmary at the Dubuque motherhouse, a 1958 fire at Our Lady of the Angels
Our Lady of the Angels School Fire
The Our Lady of the Angels School Fire broke out shortly before classes were to be dismissed on December 1, 1958, at the foot of a stairway in the Our Lady of the Angels School in Chicago, Illinois. The elementary school was operated by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago...
, a BVM grammar school in Chicago, and a 1984 fire at Clarke College.
A new era
1961 marked the beginning of a new era in the community, the construction of one of the last remaining BVM high school: Carmel High School in Mundelein, IllinoisMundelein, Illinois
Mundelein is a village in Lake County, Illinois, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the village population was 31,064.-History:The community now known as Mundelein has been inhabited since at least 1650, when the Potowatami Indians were known to have been trading with French fur traders....
, a joint project with the Carmelite Fathers. 1968 saw the closing of the last boarding school.
Vatican II, a significant event in the lives of Catholics was significant for the BVM community as well. In 1967 the Tenth General Chapter sought to respond to the invitations of the Council. Responses which followed included legislation approving a new government structure, TOPA (Totally Open Personal Application which gave sisters the freedom to apply for jobs of their choice), and an affiliate program, an organized grouping of non-vowed men and women interested in participating in the BVM values.
In recent years, the community has been actively involved in working for peace with justice. During the Civil Rights movement, sisters participated in the 1965 march to Selma. Today, there are a number of sisters who participate in the annual demonstration at the School of the Americas/Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation. Sisters of Charity are on the staff of NETWORK and the 8th Day Center for Justice
8th Day Center for Justice
8th Day Center for Justice is a Roman Catholic non-profit organization based in Chicago, Illinois. Named after the Christian concept of an "eighth day", it was founded in 1974 by six congregations of religious men and women...
, a coalition of Catholic religious congregations striving for social change. The community has also taken a corporate stance against the death penalty, has declared that the Mount Carmel campus in Dubuque is a nuclear free zone, and supports national comprehensive immigration reform.
Since its beginning, the community has responded to the current needs of the day. There are currently sisters living in nineteen states, and in three foreign countries: Ghana, Ecuador, and Guatemala. Ministries of the sisters include working as hospital, hospice, and prison chaplains, working with those with addictions, people with AIDS, pastoral service, spiritual direction, counseling, and, of course, education.
November 1, 2007 was a year of jubilee to celebrate the 175th anniversary of the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The theme of the year was “Crossing the Waters, Currents of Hope: Celebrating 175 years of BVM Presence and Partnership.”
Notable members
- Anne CarrAnne CarrSister Anne Carr was a feminist theologian at the University of Chicago Divinity School, where she was the first female permanent member of the faculty....
- Theology professor. - Mother Mary Frances ClarkeMary Frances ClarkeMother Mary Frances Clarke, B.V.M., was the foundress of the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary....
- Foundress of the order. - Sr. Catherine DunnCatherine DunnSister Catherine Dunn, BVM, PhD is a former President of Clarke College in Dubuque, Iowa. She was named the 14th President of the school on January 27, 1984. She retired on June 30, 2006....
- Past President of Clarke CollegeClarke CollegeClarke University is a four-year Catholic college located in Dubuque, Iowa, United States, with a general attendance of approximately 1,200 students. The school offers both undergraduate and graduate degree programs...
. - Judith Ann Mayotte (Humanitarian) PhD - Former member of the order, author, refugee expert.
- Sister Mary Anne Lenore
- BVMs of Glendale, California
External links
- Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary
- Carmel High School in Mundelein
- Clarke College
- Gannon Center for Women and Leadership
- Loyola University Chicago
- Mundelein College
- Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary - Catholic EncyclopediaCatholic EncyclopediaThe Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia and the Original Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language encyclopedia published in the United States. The first volume appeared in March 1907 and the last three volumes appeared in 1912, followed by a master index...
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