Seneca Mission Indian Church Grounds Desecration
Encyclopedia
Seneca Mission was a former Christian mission originally located on the Buffalo Creek Reservation
in south Buffalo, New York
. The church grounds were desecrated by City of Buffalo contractors both in the late 19th century and in 2009.
, the Buffalo Creek Reservation was formed in 1797, southeast of what was then the small village of Buffalo. In the early 19th century, the New York Missionary Society established a school, and later a church, known as the Seneca Mission on this reservation. Another missionary organization, the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
, took over the mission in 1826. The church building, finally built that same year with the help of the Senecas, was situated on Indian Church Road, in what is now South Buffalo
.
As was common for rural churches at the time, the 2.5 acres (10,117.2 m²) church yard (330 feet by 330 feet) provided ample space for the burial of Senecas who converted to Christianity. The Reverends Harris and Wright, heads of the mission, would have encouraged church members to be buried in the consecrated grounds next to the church instead of the ancient native burial grounds located at Seneca Indian Park.
The exact location of the church and grounds can be determined to have been in the middle of present day Indian Church Road, between Galloway and Junior Streets. A square plot of land was procured by the missionary group for the express purpose of providing a sanctuary for the actual church building and grounds. The location of these church grounds can be found on the Erie County Atlases of 1866, 1872, and 1880, and from the City of Buffalo map of 1886.
After the Senecas moved from the Buffalo Creek Reservation in 1846 the church building slowly fell into disrepair. The church grounds, however, were said to still have been owned by the missionaries until the late 1890s. During this time, it is likely some of the area's white residents used these same consecrated grounds for burials. A Buffalo cemetery known as the Reservation Cemetery was said to have been used for burials until 1889. There was also a cemetery known as Braves' Rest. One of these cemeteries was also known as the Mission Church cemetery. Christian burials could have occurred there, as the grounds were properly consecrated. Uncertainty exists as to whether the old Native American Cemetery at Buffum Street and Fields Avenue was ever officially consecrated.
By 1880, an atlas shows the current Indian Church Road encroaching into the burial grounds, with dashed lines on either side of the road boundary as it runs over the church yard.
In an article about the life of Mary Jemison
, the following was given as one of the main reasons for her body to be disinterred from her burial place and moved to her final resting place at what is now Letchworth State Park
:
office and to several media outlets and Christian organizations in the area, but to no avail. The contractor of the Buffalo Sewer Authority continued for the next two weeks grinding and digging, disturbing the church yard grounds and the bodies buried there.
The result was a new deep trench straight through the old church yard, with the bones of disturbed graves split between the ground and a waste pile in a nearby parking lot in West Seneca.
Buffalo Creek Reservation
The Buffalo Creek Reservation was a tract of land surrounding Buffalo Creek in the central portion of Erie County, New York. It contained approximately of land and was set aside for the Native Americans of the region...
in south Buffalo, New York
Buffalo, New York
Buffalo is the second most populous city in the state of New York, after New York City. Located in Western New York on the eastern shores of Lake Erie and at the head of the Niagara River across from Fort Erie, Ontario, Buffalo is the seat of Erie County and the principal city of the...
. The church grounds were desecrated by City of Buffalo contractors both in the late 19th century and in 2009.
History
As the Senecas were pushed into selling most of their vast lands in Western New YorkWestern New York
Western New York is the westernmost region of the state of New York. It includes the cities of Buffalo, Rochester, Niagara Falls, the surrounding suburbs, as well as the outlying rural areas of the Great Lakes lowlands, the Genesee Valley, and the Southern Tier. Some historians, scholars and others...
, the Buffalo Creek Reservation was formed in 1797, southeast of what was then the small village of Buffalo. In the early 19th century, the New York Missionary Society established a school, and later a church, known as the Seneca Mission on this reservation. Another missionary organization, the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions was the first American Christian foreign mission agency. It was proposed in 1810 by recent graduates of Williams College and officially chartered in 1812. In 1961 it merged with other societies to form the United Church Board for World...
, took over the mission in 1826. The church building, finally built that same year with the help of the Senecas, was situated on Indian Church Road, in what is now South Buffalo
South Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
South Buffalo is a neigborhood that makes up the southern third of the City of Buffalo, New York, USA. Traditionally known for its large Irish-American community, this once heavily industrialized district was home to many steel mills, automotive parts manufacturers, petroleum refineries, foundries,...
.
As was common for rural churches at the time, the 2.5 acres (10,117.2 m²) church yard (330 feet by 330 feet) provided ample space for the burial of Senecas who converted to Christianity. The Reverends Harris and Wright, heads of the mission, would have encouraged church members to be buried in the consecrated grounds next to the church instead of the ancient native burial grounds located at Seneca Indian Park.
The exact location of the church and grounds can be determined to have been in the middle of present day Indian Church Road, between Galloway and Junior Streets. A square plot of land was procured by the missionary group for the express purpose of providing a sanctuary for the actual church building and grounds. The location of these church grounds can be found on the Erie County Atlases of 1866, 1872, and 1880, and from the City of Buffalo map of 1886.
After the Senecas moved from the Buffalo Creek Reservation in 1846 the church building slowly fell into disrepair. The church grounds, however, were said to still have been owned by the missionaries until the late 1890s. During this time, it is likely some of the area's white residents used these same consecrated grounds for burials. A Buffalo cemetery known as the Reservation Cemetery was said to have been used for burials until 1889. There was also a cemetery known as Braves' Rest. One of these cemeteries was also known as the Mission Church cemetery. Christian burials could have occurred there, as the grounds were properly consecrated. Uncertainty exists as to whether the old Native American Cemetery at Buffum Street and Fields Avenue was ever officially consecrated.
By 1880, an atlas shows the current Indian Church Road encroaching into the burial grounds, with dashed lines on either side of the road boundary as it runs over the church yard.
In an article about the life of Mary Jemison
Mary Jemison
Mary Jemison was an American frontierswoman and an adopted Seneca. When she was in her teens, she was captured in what is now Adams County, Pennsylvania, from her home along Marsh Creek, and later chose to remain a Seneca....
, the following was given as one of the main reasons for her body to be disinterred from her burial place and moved to her final resting place at what is now Letchworth State Park
Letchworth State Park
Letchworth State Park is a New York state park located 35 miles southwest of Rochester and 60 miles southeast of Buffalo in Livingston and Wyoming counties. The park is roughly 17 miles long, covering of land along the Genesee River...
:
"She made her residence on Buffalo Flats [Creek Reservation], where she resided till her death, September 9th, 1833, at the age of about ninety-one years. She was buried at the cemetery near the Seneca mission church, and a marble slab, with an appropriate inscription, erected at her grave."
"Forty years passed after her burial at that place, and the stone that marked her grave had been almost entirely chipped away to furnish mementoes of the woman who had figured so strangely in the early history of the region. Through the cemetery had also been surveyed a street, which, when opened, would pass over this grave. It was therefore determined to remove her remains from the grave that had thus been desecrated, and which was likely soon to be obliterated, and deposit them were such desecrations would not be likely to occur. This determination on the part of some of her descendants was seconded and supported by some philanthropic and benevolent citizens of Buffalo, who were deeply interested in all that pertained to pioneer and Indian history. In March, 1874, these remains were carefully disinterred by an undertaker, under the direction of her grandson Dr. James Shongo, and placed in a tasteful black walnut coffin."
Turn of the century (1900s) Church Grounds Desecration
In the late 1890s a concrete road and houses were built on the original 2.5 acres (10,117.2 m²) mission grounds. The City of Buffalo was involved in this action, as water and sewer lines were laid straight through the old mission church grounds in the early 1890s as well. An 1894 City of Buffalo atlas shows a 6 inches (152.4 mm) water pipe and sewer line already in place at that time.2009 Desecration of the Church yard by the Buffalo Sewer Authority
In June 2009, after almost one hundred years of peace, the Buffalo Sewer Authority's (BSA) contractor started grinding into the Seneca Mission church yard on Indian Church Road. Before the project was started the Authority was advised of the risks of tearing down the length of Indian Church Road. However, the BSA did not heed these warnings, and sliced bones of the deceased started appearing at the construction site. Further appeals were sent directly to Mayor Brown'sByron Brown
Byron William Brown II is the 58th and current mayor of Buffalo, New York, elected on November 8, 2005 and is the city's first African-American mayor. He previously served Western New York as a member of the New York State Senate and Buffalo Common Council...
office and to several media outlets and Christian organizations in the area, but to no avail. The contractor of the Buffalo Sewer Authority continued for the next two weeks grinding and digging, disturbing the church yard grounds and the bodies buried there.
The result was a new deep trench straight through the old church yard, with the bones of disturbed graves split between the ground and a waste pile in a nearby parking lot in West Seneca.