Reverse freedom rides
Encyclopedia
Reverse freedom rides were attempts in 1962 by Southern segregationists to send African Americans from cities such as New Orleans to New York City
, Chicago
, and Cleveland by bus. They were given free bus tickets, and were told that there were high paying jobs waiting for them. They were given promissory notes that were worthless when they arrived. Some of those arriving were able to find work.
. They arrived at the Port Authority Bus Terminal
in New York City
after a forty-three hour ride with their eight children. There was no job waiting for them, and the check they were given was valueless. Boyd was hired by Harvey Jerome Brudner
.
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
, Chicago
Chicago
Chicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois. With nearly 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous in the US, after New York City and Los Angeles...
, and Cleveland by bus. They were given free bus tickets, and were told that there were high paying jobs waiting for them. They were given promissory notes that were worthless when they arrived. Some of those arriving were able to find work.
Example
For example, in 1962 Louis and Dorothy Boyd were sent from New Orleans to New York CityNew York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
. They arrived at the Port Authority Bus Terminal
Port Authority Bus Terminal
The Port Authority Bus Terminal is the main gateway for interstate buses into Manhattan in New York City...
in New York City
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
after a forty-three hour ride with their eight children. There was no job waiting for them, and the check they were given was valueless. Boyd was hired by Harvey Jerome Brudner
Harvey Jerome Brudner
Harvey Jerome Brudner was a theoretical physicist/engineer, and was the Dean of Science and Technology at the New York Institute of Technology. He was President of the Joyce Kilmer Centennial Commission, and the Highland Park, New Jersey Centennial Commission...
.