Repatriation of indentured Indians from Fiji
Encyclopedia
Commencing 3 May 1892, ships sailed with some regularity carrying repatriated indentured Indians returning to Calcutta and Madras, India from Fiji.

Conditions of return

According to Clause 10 of each labourer's indenture agreement:

10. After ten years continuous residence every Emigrant who was above the age of twelve on introduction to the Colony and who during that period has completed an industrial residence of five years, shall be entitled to a free-return passage if he claims it within two years after the completion of the ten years’ continuous residence. If the Emigrant was under twelve years of age when he was introduced into the colony, he will be entitled to a free return passage if he claims it before he reaches 24 years of age and fulfills the other conditions as to residence. A child of an Emigrant born within the colony will be entitled to a free return passage until he reaches the age of twelve, and must be accompanied on the voyage by his parents or guardian.

Due to the high cost involved in returning after only 5 years of servitude, of the indentured immigrants returning to India, most left Fiji under the free-return passage option 10–12 years after arrival. As the first ship carrying indentured Indians to Fiji "the Leonidas" arrived in 1879, the first ship to take Indians back "the British Peer" set sail just over 12 years after in 1892.

Repatriation

Given the steady influx of ships carrying indentured Indians to Fiji up until 1916, repatriate Indians generally boarded these same ships on their return voyage 10–15 days after arrival. The total number of repatriates under the Fiji indenture system is recorded as 39,261, while the number of arrivals is said to have been 60,553. As a proportion this works out to be 64.8% which appears quite high. However, this figure includes children born in Fiji so the actual percentage is significantly lower.

After 1951 return voyages by ship ceased and arrangements were made for flights from Sydney to Bombay, the first of which departed in July 1955. Ship charters were however organised for the Fiji to Sydney leg of the journey.

List of ship charters

Name of Ship Date of Departure Calcutta Departures Madras Departures Total Departures
British Peer 3 May 1892 260M 111W 35B 43G 15I 464T n/a 464
Hereford 25 June 1892 24T n/a 24
Moy 28 April 1893 317M 133F 34B 31G 17I 529T n/a 529
Ems 5 May 1894 312M 148F 38B 42G 36I 576T n/a 576
Hereford 16 July 1894 277M 125F 41B 28G 21I 447T n/a 447
Virawa 14 May 1895 347M 147F 38B 40G 36I 608T n/a 608
Erne 14 May 1896 371M 170F 55B 50G 29I 675T n/a 675
Moy 15 June 1898 273M 65F 25B 19G 13I 393T n/a 393
Avon 10 August 1899 213M 66F 20B 15G 14I 328T n/a 328
Ganges 12 September 1899 24M 5F 2B 2G 33T n/a 33
Elbe 23 July 1900 245M 87F 28B 31G 14I 405T n/a 405
S.S Fazilka 2 July 1901 298M 107F 45B 44G 33I 515T n/a 515
S.S Fazilka 5 July 1902 291M 90F 44B 41G 13I 479T n/a 479
Arno 15 September 1903 325M 114F 63B 52G 25I 549T n/a 549
Arno 19 August 1904 211M 91F 34B 37G 20I 366T n/a 366
S.S Virawa 26 July 1905 193M 64W 31B 36G 17I 341T n/a 341
S.S Fazilka 1 May 1906 221M 71F 13B 12G 4I 321T n/a 321
S.S Fazilka 10 February 1907 316M 96W 56B 42G 23I 533T 34M 21F 4B 1G 3I 63T 596
S.S Fazilka 1 May 1907 15M 8F 2G 1I 26T 14M 6F 1G 21T 47
S.S Sangola 30 March 1908 363M 115F 42B 60G 26I 606T 51M 24F 6B 3G 3I 87T 693
S.S Sangola 11 February 1909 247M 59F 18B 24G 12I 60T 30M 15F 1B 3G 5I 54T 114
S.S Sangola 16 March 1910 245M 63F 18B 14G 8I 351T 12M 6F 1B 1G 20T 371
S.S Santhia 30 April 1910 14M 4F 18T 13M 5F 1B 3G 1I 23T 41
S.S Sutlej 8 July 1911 408M 78F 30B 21G 9I 545T 66M 24F 7B 2G 3I 102T 647
S.S Sutlej 7 October 1911 34M 12F 2B 2G 3I 53T 3M 4F 1G 8T 61
S.S Sutlej 9 May 1912 383M 108F 47B 59G 20I 616T 54M 34F 7B 6G 2I 103T 719
S.S Ganges 28 February 1913 681T 126T 807
S.S Chenab 8 March 1914 675T 264T 801
S.S Chenab 22 June 1914 321T 33T 354
S.S Mutlah 13 May 1915 473T 95T 568
S.S Chenab 6 September 1916 486 242T 728
Ganges I 7 June 1920 844T 303T 1,147
Ganges II 30 August 1920 1046T 82T 1,128
S.S Ganges 12 November 1920 892T 239T 1,131
S.S Torilla 18 December 1920 1134T 105T 1,239
S.S Ganges 12 February 1921 1444T 149T 1,593
S.S Ganges 24 May 1921 1000T 214T 1214
S.S Ganges 7 June 1920 695T 241T 936
S.S Ganges 12 November 1920 799T 166T 965
S.S Torilla 18 December 1920 1808T 93T 1,901
Ganges 12 February 1921 974T 100T 1,074
Ganges 24 May 1921 996T 178T 1,174
S.S Chenab 22 November 1921 739T 249T 988
Sutlej 6 June 1922 512T 454T 966
Chenab 27 December 1922 565T 372T 937
Ganges 6 November 1923 411T 560T 971
Sutlej 20 December 1924 558T 464T 1,022
? 25 January 1926 701T 487T 1,188
S.S Ganges 31 January 1927 528T n/a 528
Ganges 26 February 1927 514T 582T 1,096
S.S Sutlej 21 April 1928 530T 442T 972
S.S Sutlej 8 July 1929 365T 286T 651
S.S Sutlej 16 March 1930 346T 305T 651
S.S Ganges 7 September 1931 103T 171T 274
Ganges 14 May 1932 76T 93T 169
Ganges 30 August 1933 136T 112T 248
S.S Ganges 22 August 1934 78T 45T 123
S.S Elephanta 14 November 1935 82T 80T 162
S.S Ganges 24 December 1936 105T 66T 171
S.S Ganges 21 April 1938 109T 86T 195
S.S Ganges 20 September 1939 56T 65T 121
M.V Orna 3 August 1947 106T 52T 158
S.S Selma 13 May 1945 12T 7T 19
M.V Orna 5 March 1948 29T 32T 61
M.V Orna 18 August 1948 70T 50T 120
M.V Orna 8 July 1949 95T 47T 142
? 28 March 1950 53T 22T 75
Sirsa 17 May 1951 34T 12T 46
Total 39,157


M - Men,
W - Women,
B - Boys,
G - Girls,
I - Infants,
T - Total

List of ship charters - Fiji to Sydney

Name of Ship Flight Departure Date Number of Departures
Strathmore 25 July 1955 25T
Stratheden 29 November 1955 68T
Strathnaver 24 July 1956 12T
Total 105
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