Rafael Uribe Uribe
Encyclopedia
Rafael Uribe Uribe (born April 12, 1859 - died October 15, 1914 in Bogotá
) was a Colombia
n lawyer, journalist, and general in the liberal party rebel army
.
, then attended a military school called (School of the State), where he was educated in martial training. He also studied sporadically in Buga
where he also joined the Liberal rebels
of Cauca during the Colombian Civil War of 1876
and was wounded in combat.
In 1880 Uribe graduated from Our Lady of the Rosary University
as a lawyer and the next year worked as Attorney General of Antioquia. He also became a Professor in constitutional law and political economy.
In 1885 Uribe participated in another civil war, in which he was involved in the execution of a subordinate for disobedience. However, the Conservatives in power absolved him.
. Uribe escaped through the Magdalena River
and was later captured in the town of Santa Cruz de Mompox
. He was imprisoned in the Cárcel de San Diego, Cartagena de Indias.
Uribe was later pardoned and became a Deputy to the Chamber of Representative in which he became a critic of the Regeneration. The Regeneration advocated for centralism, the restriction of civil liberties and an established accord with the Roman Catholic Church. The main promoters of this movement were President Rafael Nuñez
(1880–1888) and Miguel Antonio Caro
, (1892–1898).
During these years Uribe also founded a newspaper called El Autonomista ("The Autonomist") managing a publicity campaign against the conservative government and attacked members of his own party, most notably Aquileo Parra
. Due to these printings, Uribe gained significant prominence in Liberal Party, participating also in the uprising of October 20, 1899 which triggered the Thousand Days War.
, where he joined forces with Liberal Benjamín Herrera.
On December 15, 1899, while en route to Ocaña
his troops were ambushed at a location known as La Amarilla initiating the Battle of Peralonso. The battle ended the next day with the triumph of Uribe over the conservatives. Uribe had attacked the bridge over the Peralonso River. For this action he was deemed the "Hero of Peralonso". Documents left by the retreating army later showed that its commander Vicente Villamizar had orders to let the liberal army pass to prolong the war and to give the government an excuse to confiscate property and issue more paper money. Moreover, before starting the battle, the government army provided the rebels with two mules loaded with ammunition, of which the liberals had little.
named Teran. Between May 11 and May 15, 1900 he fought in the Battle of Pelonegro, commanding his own division. The conservatives led by Próspero Pinzón won the battle.
. On June 12, 1902 the government offered amnesty, and the liberal rebels began to demobilize. Uribe surrendered in the Hacienda Neerlandia on October 24, 1902. He began issuing pamphlets promoting the conservative government, and soon took a lower public profile.
to Plinio Apuleyo Mendoza in his book El Olor de la Guayaba (The Guava's Smell), the character of Colonel Aureliano Buendía in One Hundred Years of Solitude
was loosely based on Rafael Uribe Uribe. García Márquez's grandfather was under Uribe Uribe's command in the Thousand Days War
.
Uribe is a character portrayed in Gabriel Garcia Marquez's fictional novel The General in the Laybrinth".
The 18th locality of the Capital District of the capital city Bogotá, Colombia is named for Uribe.
Bogotá
Bogotá, Distrito Capital , from 1991 to 2000 called Santa Fé de Bogotá, is the capital, and largest city, of Colombia. It is also designated by the national constitution as the capital of the department of Cundinamarca, even though the city of Bogotá now comprises an independent Capital district...
) was a Colombia
Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...
n lawyer, journalist, and general in the liberal party rebel army
Colombian Liberal Party
The Colombian Liberal Party is a center-left party in Colombia that adheres to social democracy and social liberalism.The Party was founded in 1848 and, together with the Colombian Conservative Party, subsequently became one of the two main political forces in the country for over a century.After...
.
Early years
Rafael Uribe Uribe was born in the countryside of Valparaiso, in the Department of Antioquia on April 12, 1859. His mother educated him at home and he was reportedly a shy boy. In 1871 Uribewas accepted to the University of AntioquiaUniversity of Antioquia
The University of Antioquia , also called UdeA, is a public, departmental, coeducational, research university based primarily in the city of Medellín, Antioquía, Colombia. It is the largest higher education institution by student population in the northwest of the country, and the second in...
, then attended a military school called (School of the State), where he was educated in martial training. He also studied sporadically in Buga
Buga, Valle del Cauca
Buga formally Guadalajara de Buga is a city and municipality in the Valle del Cauca department of Colombia. It is famous for its Basilica del Señor de los Milagros, which houses an image of Christ called El Señor de los Milagros .-History:Guadalajara de Buga is one of the oldest cities in...
where he also joined the Liberal rebels
Colombian Liberal Party
The Colombian Liberal Party is a center-left party in Colombia that adheres to social democracy and social liberalism.The Party was founded in 1848 and, together with the Colombian Conservative Party, subsequently became one of the two main political forces in the country for over a century.After...
of Cauca during the Colombian Civil War of 1876
Colombian Civil War of 1876
Colombian Civil War of 1876 was a civil war in the United States of Colombia that went on from 1876 to 1877...
and was wounded in combat.
In 1880 Uribe graduated from Our Lady of the Rosary University
Our Lady of the Rosary University
The Universidad del Rosario is a university originally founded on Roman Catholic principles, in 1653 by Fray Cristobal de Torres. Located in Bogotá, Colombia, due to its important place in Colombian history, it is known as "The Cradle of the Republic". It had also a primary and secundary school...
as a lawyer and the next year worked as Attorney General of Antioquia. He also became a Professor in constitutional law and political economy.
In 1885 Uribe participated in another civil war, in which he was involved in the execution of a subordinate for disobedience. However, the Conservatives in power absolved him.
Thousand days war
In 1895 Uribe Uribe participated in the Civil War (1895), but was defeated in the Battle of La Tribuna by General Rafael ReyesRafael Reyes
Rafael Reyes Prieto was Chief of Staff of the Colombian National Army and President of Colombia .- Biographic data :...
. Uribe escaped through the Magdalena River
Magdalena River
The Magdalena River is the principal river of Colombia, flowing northward about through the western half of the country. It takes its name from the biblical figure Mary Magdalene. It is navigable through much of its lower reaches, in spite of the shifting sand bars at the mouth of its delta, as...
and was later captured in the town of Santa Cruz de Mompox
Santa Cruz de Mompox
Mompox or Mompós, officially Santa Cruz de Mompox, is a town and municipality in northern Colombia, in the Bolívar Department, which has preserved its colonial character. Located on an island in the Magdalena River where it joins the Cauca River, 249 kilometers from Cartagena. Mompox depends upon...
. He was imprisoned in the Cárcel de San Diego, Cartagena de Indias.
Uribe was later pardoned and became a Deputy to the Chamber of Representative in which he became a critic of the Regeneration. The Regeneration advocated for centralism, the restriction of civil liberties and an established accord with the Roman Catholic Church. The main promoters of this movement were President Rafael Nuñez
Rafael Núñez (politician)
Rafael Wenceslao Núñez Moledo was a Colombian author, lawyer, journalist and politician, who was elected President of Colombia in 1880 and in 1884. Rafael Núñez was born in Cartagena de Indias, on September 28, 1825. He died in Cartagena on September 18, 1894.-Early life:Little is known about the...
(1880–1888) and Miguel Antonio Caro
Miguel Antonio Caro
Miguel Antonio Caro Tobar was a Colombian scholar, poet, journalist, philosopher, orator, philologist, lawyer and politician.- Biographic data :Miguel Antonio Caro was born in Bogotá on November 10, 1845, and he died in the same city on August 5, 1909....
, (1892–1898).
During these years Uribe also founded a newspaper called El Autonomista ("The Autonomist") managing a publicity campaign against the conservative government and attacked members of his own party, most notably Aquileo Parra
Aquileo Parra
José Bonifacio Aquileo Elias Parra Gómez was a Colombian soldier, businessman and political figure. He was the president of Colombia between 1876 and 1878.- Biographic data :Aquileo Parra was born in Barichara, Santander, on May 12, 1825...
. Due to these printings, Uribe gained significant prominence in Liberal Party, participating also in the uprising of October 20, 1899 which triggered the Thousand Days War.
Santander campaign
During the Santander military campaign between October 1899 and August 1900, Uribe commanded liberal forces in the Battle of Bucaramanga (November 13–14, 1899), where he was defeated. He then organized a retreat to the city of CúcutaCúcuta
Cúcuta is a Colombian city, capital of Norte de Santander, in the northeast of the country. Due to its proximity to the Colombian-Venezuelan border, Cúcuta is an important commercial center. The city has the constitutional category of Special District. It is located at the most active...
, where he joined forces with Liberal Benjamín Herrera.
On December 15, 1899, while en route to Ocaña
Ocaña
Ocaña may refer to:*Ocaña, Colombia, a city in Norte de Santander department*Ocaña, Spain, a town in the province of Toledo, site of:**Battle of Ocana, during the Peninsular War*Luis Ocana, a Spanish cyclistSee also:...
his troops were ambushed at a location known as La Amarilla initiating the Battle of Peralonso. The battle ended the next day with the triumph of Uribe over the conservatives. Uribe had attacked the bridge over the Peralonso River. For this action he was deemed the "Hero of Peralonso". Documents left by the retreating army later showed that its commander Vicente Villamizar had orders to let the liberal army pass to prolong the war and to give the government an excuse to confiscate property and issue more paper money. Moreover, before starting the battle, the government army provided the rebels with two mules loaded with ammunition, of which the liberals had little.
Capture of Conservative Higher Command
On February 2, 1900 Uribe Uribe's troops captured the Conservative Higher Command in a HaciendaHacienda
Hacienda is a Spanish word for an estate. Some haciendas were plantations, mines, or even business factories. Many haciendas combined these productive activities...
named Teran. Between May 11 and May 15, 1900 he fought in the Battle of Pelonegro, commanding his own division. The conservatives led by Próspero Pinzón won the battle.
Peace advocacy
Between 1901 and 1902 Uribe Uribe alternated military activities with peace initiatives which were not taken into account by the then conservative government of José Manuel MarroquínJosé Manuel Marroquín
Jose Manuel Marroquin Ricaurte was a Colombian political figure and President of Colombia.- Biographic data :José Manuel Marroquín was born in Bogotá, on August 6, 1827. He died in the same city on September 19, 1908.- Early life :...
. On June 12, 1902 the government offered amnesty, and the liberal rebels began to demobilize. Uribe surrendered in the Hacienda Neerlandia on October 24, 1902. He began issuing pamphlets promoting the conservative government, and soon took a lower public profile.
Death
Rafael Uribe Uribe died on October 26, 1914 after an attack with ax 11 days before by two workers named Jesús Carvajal and Leovigildo Galarza. Local authorities believed it to be an act of terrorism, but those suspicions were never confirmed.In popular culture
According to an interview given by Gabriel Garcia MarquezGabriel García Márquez
Gabriel José de la Concordia García Márquez is a Colombian novelist, short-story writer, screenwriter and journalist, known affectionately as Gabo throughout Latin America. He is considered one of the most significant authors of the 20th century. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in...
to Plinio Apuleyo Mendoza in his book El Olor de la Guayaba (The Guava's Smell), the character of Colonel Aureliano Buendía in One Hundred Years of Solitude
One Hundred Years of Solitude
One Hundred Years of Solitude , by Gabriel García Márquez, is a novel which tells the multi-generational story of the Buendía family, whose patriarch, José Arcadio Buendía, founds the town of Macondo, the metaphoric Colombia...
was loosely based on Rafael Uribe Uribe. García Márquez's grandfather was under Uribe Uribe's command in the Thousand Days War
Thousand Days War
The Thousand Days' War , was a civil armed conflict in the newly created Republic of Colombia, between the Conservative Party, the Liberal Party and its radical factions. In 1899 the ruling conservatives were accused of maintaining power through fraudulent elections...
.
Uribe is a character portrayed in Gabriel Garcia Marquez's fictional novel The General in the Laybrinth".
The 18th locality of the Capital District of the capital city Bogotá, Colombia is named for Uribe.