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Québec or Quebec, also Quebec City or Québec City (or Ville de Québec) ( or ), is the capital of the Canadian
Canada

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
 province
Provinces and territories of Canada

The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the List of countries and outlying territories by total area. The major difference between a Canada province and a territory is that a province receives its power and authority directly from the Monarchy in Canada, via the Constitution Act, 1867, whereas territories derive their manda...
 of Quebec
Quebec

Quebec , in French language, Qu?bec , is a Provinces and territories of Canada in the Central Canada and Eastern Canada regions of Canada....
 and is located within the Capitale-Nationale
Capitale-Nationale

Capitale-Nationale is one of 17 List of Quebec regions of Quebec, Canada. Quebec City, Quebec, Quebec's centre of government, is located in this region....
 region. It is the second most populous city in the province after Montreal
Montreal

Montreal, or Montr?al, is the largest city in the Provinces and territories of Canada of Quebec and the List of largest cities and second largest cities by country List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population....
, which is about to the southwest. As of the 2006 Canadian Census
Canada 2006 Census

The Canada 2006 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canada population. Census day was May 16 2006. The next census following will be the Canada 2011 Census....
, the city has a population of 491,142, and the metropolitan area has a population of 715,515.

The narrowing of the Saint Lawrence River
Saint Lawrence River

Saint Lawrence River is a large river flowing approximately from southwest to northeast in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean....
 approximate to Quebec City and Lévis
Lévis, Quebec

L?vis is a city in eastern Quebec, Canada. It is located on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River, opposite Quebec City. A ferry links Old Quebec with Old L?vis, and two bridges, the Quebec Bridge and the Pierre Laporte Bridge, connect western L?vis with Quebec City....
, on the opposite bank, provided the name given to the city, Kébec, an Algonquin
Algonquin

The Algonquins are an aboriginal peoples in Canada/Indigenous people of North American speaking Algonquin language. Culturally and linguistically, they are closely related to the Ottawa and Ojibwe, with whom they form the larger Anishinaabe grouping....
 word meaning "where the river narrows".






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It's very important for folks to understand that when there's more trade, there's more commerce.

Quebec City, Canada, April 21, 2001





Encyclopedia


Québec or Quebec, also Quebec City or Québec City (or Ville de Québec) ( or ), is the capital of the Canadian
Canada

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
 province
Provinces and territories of Canada

The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the List of countries and outlying territories by total area. The major difference between a Canada province and a territory is that a province receives its power and authority directly from the Monarchy in Canada, via the Constitution Act, 1867, whereas territories derive their manda...
 of Quebec
Quebec

Quebec , in French language, Qu?bec , is a Provinces and territories of Canada in the Central Canada and Eastern Canada regions of Canada....
 and is located within the Capitale-Nationale
Capitale-Nationale

Capitale-Nationale is one of 17 List of Quebec regions of Quebec, Canada. Quebec City, Quebec, Quebec's centre of government, is located in this region....
 region. It is the second most populous city in the province after Montreal
Montreal

Montreal, or Montr?al, is the largest city in the Provinces and territories of Canada of Quebec and the List of largest cities and second largest cities by country List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population....
, which is about to the southwest. As of the 2006 Canadian Census
Canada 2006 Census

The Canada 2006 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canada population. Census day was May 16 2006. The next census following will be the Canada 2011 Census....
, the city has a population of 491,142, and the metropolitan area has a population of 715,515.

The narrowing of the Saint Lawrence River
Saint Lawrence River

Saint Lawrence River is a large river flowing approximately from southwest to northeast in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean....
 approximate to Quebec City and Lévis
Lévis, Quebec

L?vis is a city in eastern Quebec, Canada. It is located on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River, opposite Quebec City. A ferry links Old Quebec with Old L?vis, and two bridges, the Quebec Bridge and the Pierre Laporte Bridge, connect western L?vis with Quebec City....
, on the opposite bank, provided the name given to the city, Kébec, an Algonquin
Algonquin

The Algonquins are an aboriginal peoples in Canada/Indigenous people of North American speaking Algonquin language. Culturally and linguistically, they are closely related to the Ottawa and Ojibwe, with whom they form the larger Anishinaabe grouping....
 word meaning "where the river narrows". Founded in 1608 by Samuel de Champlain
Samuel de Champlain

Samuel de Champlain, , , "The Father of New France", was a French navigator, geographer, cartographer, draughtsman, soldier, explorer, ethnologist, diplomat, chronicler, and the founder of Quebec City on July 3, 1608, of which he was the administrator for the rest of his life....
, Quebec City is one of the oldest cities
List of North American cities by year of foundation

This is a list of cities in the Americas by founding year and present-day country....
 in North America
North America

North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost totally in the western hemisphere....
. The ramparts
Ramparts of Quebec City

Located in Canada, the Ramparts of Quebec City are the only remaining fortified city walls in the Americas, north of Mexico. The England began fortifying the existing walls, after they took the city from the France in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759....
 surrounding Old Quebec
Old Quebec

Old Quebec is a neighbourhood of Quebec City, Quebec, the capital of the province of Quebec in Canada. Generally speaking 'Old Quebec' refers to the part of the city within the walls....
 (Vieux-Québec) are the only remaining fortified city walls in the Americas
Americas

The Americas are the region of the Western hemisphere that consists of the continents of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions....
 north of Mexico
Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
, and were declared a World Heritage Site
World Heritage Site

A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site that is on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 Sovereign state which are elected by their General Assembly for a four-year term....
 by UNESCO in 1985 as the 'Historic District of Old Québec'.

Quebec City is internationally known for its Summer Festival
Quebec City Summer Festival

The Festival d'?t?, or Summer Festival has been taking place annually since 1968. It is organised by groups of businesspersons and artists of Quebec City in order to show the artistic, economic, and touristic potential of the Qu?bec....
, Winter Carnival, and the Château Frontenac
Château Frontenac

The Ch?teau Frontenac grand hotel is one of the most popular attractions in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.Designed by architect Bruce Price, the Ch?teau Frontenac was one of a series of Canada's railway hotels built for the Canadian Pacific Railway company at the end of the 19th and the start of the 20th century....
, a hotel
Hotel

----A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. The provision of basic accommodation, in times past, consisting only of a room with a bed, a cupboard, a small table and a washstand has largely been replaced by rooms with modern facilities, including Bathroom#Types of bathroomss and air conditioning or clima...
 which dominates the city skyline. The National Assembly of Quebec
National Assembly of Quebec

The National Assembly of Quebec is the name for the legislative body of the province of Quebec, Canada. The Lieutenant Governor of Quebec and the National Assembly compose the Parliament of Quebec, which operates in a fashion similar to those of other Westminster System....
 (provincial parliament), the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec (National Museum of Fine Arts), and the Musée de la civilisation
Musée de la civilisation

The Mus?e de la civilisation is a museum located in Quebec City. Permanent and temporary exhibitions are held at the museum, usually related to humanities, and virtual exhibitions are also available....
 (Museum of Civilization) are found within or near Vieux-Québec. Among the other attractions near the city are Montmorency Falls
Montmorency Falls

The Montmorency Falls form a large waterfall in Quebec, Canada, located near Quebec City, Quebec. The falls, at 84 meters high, are the highest in the province of Quebec and 30 m higher than Niagara Falls....
 and the Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré
Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré

The Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupr? is a basilica set along the Saint Lawrence River in Quebec, 30 kilometres east of Quebec City. It has been credited by the Roman Catholic Church with many miracles of curing the sick and disabled....
 in the town of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré
Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré, Quebec

Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupr? is a village in La C?te-de-Beaupr? Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Quebec, at the junction of the Sainte Anne river with the Saint Lawrence River, 35 kilometres north-east of the Quebec City, Quebec....
.

History

Samuel De Champlain

Early history: from Stadacona to Seven Years War

Quebec City is one of the oldest European settlements in North America
North America

North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost totally in the western hemisphere....
. While many of the major cities in Mexico
Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
 date from the sixteenth century
1500

Year 1500 was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar....
, among cities in the U.S. and Canada only St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

St. John's is the Provinces of Canada capital of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada and located on the eastern tip of the Avalon Peninsula on the Newfoundland ....
; Port Royal, Nova Scotia
Port Royal, Nova Scotia

Port Royal is a small rural community in the western part of the Canada province of Nova Scotia. It is located on the north shore of the Annapolis Basin, a sub-basin of the Bay of Fundy, near the town of Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia....
; St. Augustine, Florida; Santa Fe, New Mexico
Santa Fe, New Mexico

Santa Fe is the Capital of the U.S. state of New Mexico. It is the List of cities in New Mexico and is the county seat of . Santa Fe had a population of 62,203 at the United States Census, 2000; the estimate for July 1, 2006, is 72,056....
; Jamestown, Virginia
Jamestown, Virginia

Jamestown, located on Jamestown Island in the Virginia Colony, was founded on May 14, 1607. It is commonly regarded as the first permanent England settlement in what is now the United States of America, following several earlier failed attempts....
 and Tadoussac, Quebec
Tadoussac, Quebec

Tadoussac is a village in Quebec, Canada. An important France trading post in the seventeenth century, it is the oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in Quebec, and the oldest surviving French settlement in the Americas....
 were created earlier than Quebec City. However, Quebec City is the first to have been founded with the goal of receiving permanent settlement, and not as a commercial
Commerce

Commerce is a division of trade or production, costs, and pricing which deals with the Trade of goods and service from production, costs, and pricing to final consumer....
 outpost
Outpost

Outpost may refer to:* Cyberian Outpost, an online vendor of discount computerware* Israeli outpost, small Israeli settlements* Outpost Magazine, a monthly magazine published by Americans for a Safe Israel...
, and therefore is considered to be the first European-built city
City

A city is an urban area with a high population density and a particular administrative, legal, or historical status.Large industrialized cities generally have advanced systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, house, and transportation and more....
 in non-Spanish North America
Spanish colonization of the Americas

The Spanish colonization of the Americas was Spain's conquest, settlement, and rule over much of the western hemisphere. Beginning with the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492, over three centuries the Spanish Empire expanded from early small settlements in the Caribbean to include Central America, most of South America, Mexico, what toda...
. Quebec was founded by Samuel de Champlain
Samuel de Champlain

Samuel de Champlain, , , "The Father of New France", was a French navigator, geographer, cartographer, draughtsman, soldier, explorer, ethnologist, diplomat, chronicler, and the founder of Quebec City on July 3, 1608, of which he was the administrator for the rest of his life....
 on 3 July 1608 at the site of a long abandoned St. Lawrence Iroquoian
Laurentian language

Laurentian, or St. Lawrence Iroquoian, was an Iroquoian languages spoken until the late 16th century along the shores of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec and Ontario, Canada....
 settlement called Stadacona. It was to this settlement that the name "Canada"
Canada's name

The name of Canada has been in use since the earliest European settlement in Canada, with the name originating from a First Nations word for "settlement", "village", or "land"....
 refers. Although called the cradle of the Francophone
Francophone

The adjective francophone means French language-speaking, typically as primary language, whether referring to individuals, groups, or places. Often, the word is used as a noun to describe a natively French-speaking person....
 population in North America, the Acadian settlement at Port-Royal antedates it. The place seemed favourable to the establishment of a permanent colony.
Quebec Nouvelle France
Before Champlain, French explorer Jacques Cartier
Jacques Cartier

Jacques Cartier was a French explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France. He was the first non-Aboriginal peoples in Canada to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, which he Name of Canada", after the Iroquoian languages word the local natives used for the two big St....
 built a fort at the site in 1535, where he stayed for the winter before going back to France in spring 1536. He came back in 1541 with the goal of building a permanent settlement. This first settlement was abandoned less than one year after its foundation, in the summer 1542, due in large part to the hostility of the natives combined with the harsh living conditions during winter.

Quebec City was captured by the British in 1759 and held until 1763. It was the site of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham
Battle of the Plains of Abraham

The Battle of the Plains of Abraham, also known as the Battle of Quebec, was a pivotal battle in the Seven Years' War . The confrontation, which began on 12 September 1759, was fought between the British Army and Royal Navy, and the French Army, on a plateau just outside the walls of Quebec City....
 during the Seven Years' War
Seven Years' War

The Seven Years' War lasted between 1756?1763 and involved all of the major European powers of the period. The war pitted Kingdom of Prussia and Kingdom of Great Britain and a coalition of smaller German states against an alliance consisting of Archduchy of Austria, Early Modern France, Russian Empire, Kingdom of Sweden, and Electorate of Sa...
, in which British troops under General James Wolfe
James Wolfe

General James Wolfe was a British Army officer, known for his training reforms but remembered chiefly for Battle of Quebec in Canada and establishing British rule there....
 defeated the French general Louis-Joseph de Montcalm
Louis-Joseph de Montcalm

Louis-Joseph de Montcalm-Gozon, Marquis de Saint-Veran was the commander of the France forces in North America during the Seven Years' War . He is most remembered for his role in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, and remains a controversial figure....
 and took the city. France ceded New France
New France

The Viceroyalty of New France was the area French colonization of the Americas by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River, by Jacques Cartier in 1534, to the cession of New France to Spain and Kingdom of Great Britain in 1763....
, including the city, to Britain in 1763.

At the end of French rule in 1763, the territory of present-day Quebec City was a world of contrasts. Forests, villages, fields and pastures surrounded the town of 8 000 inhabitants. The town distinguished itself by its monumental architecture, fortifications, muddy and filthy streets, affluent homes of masonry and shacks in the suburbs St-Jean and St-Roch. Despite its urbanity and its status as capital, Quebec City remained a small colonial city with close ties to its rural surroundings. Nearby inhabitants traded their farm surpluses and firewood for imported goods from France at the two city markets.

British rule

During the American Revolution
American Revolution

The American Revolution refers to the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen Colonies of North America overthrew the governance of the British Empire and then rejected the British monarchy to become the sovereign United States of America....
, revolutionary troops from the southern colonies assaulted the British garrison in an attempt to 'liberate' Quebec City now known as the Battle of Quebec
Battle of Quebec (1775)

The Battle of Quebec was an attempt on December 31, 1775, by American colonial forces to capture the Quebec City and enlist French Canadian support for the American Revolutionary War....
. The defeat of the revolutionaries from the south put an end to the hopes that the peoples of Quebec would rise and join the American Revolution
American Revolution

The American Revolution refers to the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen Colonies of North America overthrew the governance of the British Empire and then rejected the British monarchy to become the sovereign United States of America....
 so that Canada would join the Continental Congress
Continental Congress

The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body of the United States during the American Revolution....
 and become part of the original United States Of America along with the other British colonies of continental North America
North America

North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost totally in the western hemisphere....
. In effect, the outcome of the battle would be the effective split of British North America into two distinct political entities. Following the battle, Major General Isaac Brock
Isaac Brock

Major-General Sir Isaac Brock Order of the Bath was a British Army officer and Administrator of the Government. Brock was assigned to Canada in 1802....
 further fortified Quebec City by strengthening the walls and building an elevated artillery
Artillery

Artillery is a military Combat Arms which employs any apparatus, machine, an assortment of tools or instruments, a system or systems used as weapons for the discharge of large projectiles in combat as a major contribution of fire power within the overall military capability of an armed force....
 battery known as the Citadelle of Quebec
Citadelle of Quebec

The Citadelle?the French name is used both in English and French?is a military installation and official residence located atop Cap Diamant, adjoining the Plains of Abraham in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada....
 before the War of 1812
War of 1812

The War of 1812, between the United States of America and the British Empire , was fought from 1812 to 1815.There were several immediate stated causes for the U.S....
. A series of Martello towers was also built on elevated terrain beyond the city walls to provide further artillery support effectively turning the city into a fortress. In the end, the city was not attacked during the war of 1812 but continued to house a large British garrison until 1871. The Citadel is still in use by the military and three of the Martello towers are still maintained as museums and tourist attractions.

In 1840, after the Province of Canada was formed, the role of capital was shared between Kingston
Kingston, Ontario

Kingston, Ontario is a Canadian city located at the eastern end of Lake Ontario, where the lake runs into the St. Lawrence River and the Thousand Islands begin....
, Montreal
Montreal

Montreal, or Montr?al, is the largest city in the Provinces and territories of Canada of Quebec and the List of largest cities and second largest cities by country List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population....
, Toronto
Toronto

Toronto is the List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population in Canada and the Provinces and territories of Canada Provincial and territorial capitals of Canada of Ontario....
, Ottawa
Ottawa

Ottawa is the Capital of Canada. The city has population of 812,000, the List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population municipality in the country and second largest in Ontario....
 and Quebec City (from 1852 to 1856 and from 1859 to 1866). In 1867, Ottawa (which was chosen to be the permanent capital of the Province of Canada) was chosen to be the capital of the Dominion of Canada. The Quebec Conference
Quebec Conference, 1864

The Quebec Conference was the second meeting held in 1864 to discuss Canadian Confederation.The 16 delegates from the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island had agreed at the close of the Charlottetown Conference to meet again at Quebec City, Quebec in October 1864....
 on Canadian Confederation
Canadian Confederation

Canadian Confederation was the process by which the federalism Dominion of Canada was formed beginning July 1, 1867 from the provinces, colony and Territory of British North America....
 was held here.

20th and 21st centuries

Quebec City was struck by the 1925 Charlevoix-Kamouraska earthquake
1925 Charlevoix-Kamouraska earthquake

The 1925 Charlevoix-Kamouraska earthquake was a major earthquake that struck the entire northeastern part of North America on February 2, 1925, reaching 6.2 on the moment magnitude scale....
.

During World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
, two conferences were held in Quebec City. The First Quebec Conference
Quebec Conference, 1943

The First Quebec Conference was a highly secretized military conference held during World War II between the United Kingdom, Canada and United States governments....
 was held in 1943 with Franklin Delano Roosevelt (the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
' president at the time),Winston Churchill
Winston Churchill

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, Order of the Garter, Order of Merit, Order of the Companions of Honour, Territorial Decoration, Fellow of the Royal Society, Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, Queen's Privy Council for Canada was a Politics of the United Kingdom known chiefly for his leadership of the United King...
 (the United Kingdom
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
's prime minister), William Lyon Mackenzie King
William Lyon Mackenzie King

William Lyon Mackenzie King, Queen's Privy Council for Canada, Order of Merit , Order of St Michael and St George was a Canadian lawyer, economist, university professor, civil servant, journalist, and politician....
 (Canada's prime minister) and T.V. Soong (China's
Republic of China

The Republic of China , also known as Nationalist China is a country in East Asia that has evolved from a single-party state with full global recognition into a multi-party democratic state with Political status of Taiwan....
 minister of foreign affairs). The Second Quebec Conference
Second Quebec Conference

The Second Quebec Conference was a high level military conference held during World War II between the United Kingdom, Canada and United States governments....
 was held in 1944, and was attended by Churchill and Roosevelt. They took place in the buildings of the Citadelle
Citadelle of Quebec

The Citadelle?the French name is used both in English and French?is a military installation and official residence located atop Cap Diamant, adjoining the Plains of Abraham in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada....
 and of nearby Château Frontenac
Château Frontenac

The Ch?teau Frontenac grand hotel is one of the most popular attractions in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.Designed by architect Bruce Price, the Ch?teau Frontenac was one of a series of Canada's railway hotels built for the Canadian Pacific Railway company at the end of the 19th and the start of the 20th century....
. A large part of the D-Day
D-Day

D-Day is a term often used in military parlance to denote the day on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated. "D-Day" often represents a variable , designating the day upon which some significant event will occur or has occurred; see Military designation of days and hours for similar terms....
 Landings plans were made during those meetings.

Capital

Throughout its over four hundred years of existence, Quebec City has served as a capital. From 1608 to 1627 and 1632 to 1763, it was capital of French Canada and all of New France
New France

The Viceroyalty of New France was the area French colonization of the Americas by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River, by Jacques Cartier in 1534, to the cession of New France to Spain and Kingdom of Great Britain in 1763....
, from 1763 to 1791, it was the capital of the Province of Quebec
Province of Quebec (1763-1791)

The Province of Quebec was a colony in North America created by Kingdom of Great Britain after the Seven Years' War. Great Britain acquired Canada, New France by the Treaty of Paris when King Louis XV of France of France and his advisors chose to keep the territory of Guadeloupe for its valuable sugar crops instead of New France....
, from 1791 to 1841, it was the capital of Lower Canada
Lower Canada

The Province of Lower Canada was a British colonization of the Americas on the lower Saint Lawrence River and the shores of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence ....
, from 1852 to 1856 and from 1859 to 1866, it was capital of the Province of Canada
Province of Canada

The Province of Canada or the United Province of Canada was a British North America#BNA colonies after the American Revolution: in North America from 1841 to 1867....
 and from 1867 to today, it has been capital of Quebec
Quebec

Quebec , in French language, Qu?bec , is a Provinces and territories of Canada in the Central Canada and Eastern Canada regions of Canada....
. By law, the government of Quebec considers the city of Quebec to be its national-capital, although the term "national" is seen by some as being inacurrate since Quebec is not a country and futhermore, they believe the term capital-national should be used only for Ottawa
Ottawa

Ottawa is the Capital of Canada. The city has population of 812,000, the List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population municipality in the country and second largest in Ontario....
.

Geography

Quebec City Satellite Image
Quebec City is located in the Saint Lawrence River
Saint Lawrence River

Saint Lawrence River is a large river flowing approximately from southwest to northeast in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean....
 valley, on the north bank of the Saint Lawrence River near its meeting with the St. Charles River. The region is low-lying and flat. The river valley has rich, arable soil, which makes this region the most fertile in the province. The Laurentian Mountains
Laurentian mountains

The Laurentian Mountains are a mountain range in southern Quebec, Canada, north of the St. Lawrence River and Ottawa River, rising to a highest point of at Mont Raoul Blanchard, north east of Quebec City in the R?serve Faunique des Laurentides....
 lie to the north of the city.

Upper Town lies on the top of Cap-Diamant (Cape Diamond) promontory. A high stone wall surrounds this portion of the city. The Plains of Abraham
Plains of Abraham

The Plains of Abraham is a historic 108-acre plateau within The Battlefields Park in Quebec City, Canada, located just outside the Citadelle of Quebec and the Ramparts of Quebec City....
 are located near the edge of the promontory. Lower Town is located at shore level, below Cap-Diamant.

Climate

Quebec City has a humid continental climate (Koppen climate classification Dfb) characterized by cold and snowy winters, warm and rather humid summers, and ample precipitation throughout the year. Quebec City is one of the snowiest cities in Canada (the mean annual snowfall is 384 cm) and is almost guaranteed a white Christmas
White Christmas

A white Christmas, to most people in the Northern Hemisphere, refers to a Christmas Day with snow on the ground. This phenomenon is far more common in some countries than in others....
. The prolonged winter season and ample snowfall led to the idea of establishing the Quebec Winter Carnival. The transitional seasons, spring and autumn, are rather short, although autumn produces spectacular foliage colours. The summer is the sunniest, and paradoxically, the wettest time of year.

Temperatures


Cityscape

On January 1, 2002, the former towns of Sainte-Foy
Sainte-Foy, Quebec

Sainte-Foy is a former city in central Quebec, Canada on the Saint Lawrence River. It was amalgamated into Quebec City on January 1, 2002. Most of Sainte-Foy is in the Borough of Sainte-Foy?Sillery, but part of it is in the Borough of Laurentien ....
, Beauport
Beauport, Quebec

Beauport is a borough of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada on the St. Lawrence River. Its population in 2001 was 72,813 .Beauport is a northeastern suburb of Quebec City....
, Charlesbourg
Charlesbourg, Quebec

Founded in 1659, Charlesbourg is a borough of Quebec City, in the northeastern part of the city and West of the city of Beauport, Quebec. Population : 70,310....
, Sillery
Sillery, Quebec

Sillery is a former city in central Quebec, Canada. Located just west of old Quebec City, Quebec, Sillery was among the many outlying municipalities amalgamated into an expanded Quebec City on January 1, 2002....
, Loretteville
Loretteville, Quebec

Loretteville is a former city in central Quebec, Canada. It was amalgamated into Quebec City, Quebec on January 1, 2002. It is located within the Borough of La Haute-Saint-Charles. Population : 13,737....
, Val-Bélair
Val-Bélair, Quebec

Val-B?lair is a former city in central Quebec, Canada. It was amalgamated into Quebec City, Quebec on January 1, 2002. It is located within the Borough of Laurentien ....
, Cap-Rouge
Cap-Rouge, Quebec

Cap-Rouge is located in central Quebec, Canada on the Saint Lawrence River within Quebec City, Quebec. Originally a town on its own, Cap-Rouge was incorporated within Qu?bec City on January 1, 2002 and is now part of the Borough of Laurentien ....
, Saint-Émile
Saint-Émile, Quebec

Saint-?mile is a former city in central Quebec, Canada. It was amalgamated into Quebec City, Quebec on January 1, 2002. It is located within the Borough of La Haute-Saint-Charles. Population: 10,989....
, Vanier
Vanier, Quebec

Vanier is a former city in central Quebec, Canada. It was amalgamated into Quebec City, Quebec in 2002. It is located within the Borough of Les Rivi?res . Population : 11,504...
, L'Ancienne-Lorette
L'Ancienne-Lorette, Quebec

L'Ancienne-Lorette is a city in central Quebec, Canada. It is a suburb to the west of Quebec City. Population : 16,297. It had been merged with Quebec City from [January 1, 2002 through December 31, 2005, but was re-established as a separate city on January 1 2006 following a referendum on June 20, 2004....
, Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures and Lac-Saint-Charles were annexed by Quebec City. This was one of several municipal mergers
Municipal reorganization in Quebec

The most recent episode of municipal reorganization in Quebec, Canada, was undertaken in 2002 by the Parti Qu?b?cois Government of Quebec, headed by Premier of Quebec Lucien Bouchard and his successor Bernard Landry....
 which took place across Quebec on that date. Following a demerger referendum, L'Ancienne-Lorette and Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures were reconstituted as separate municipalities on January 1, 2006, but the other former municipalities remain part of Quebec City.

Quebec City has thirty-four district
District

Districts are a type of administrative division, in some countries managed by a local government. They vary greatly in size, spanning entire regions or counties, several municipality, or subdivisions of municipalities....
s in eight borough
Borough

A borough is an administrative division of various countries. In principle, the term borough designates a self-governing township although, in practice, official use of the term varies widely....
s.

Borough Districts
La Cité
La Cité (Quebec City)

La Cit? is a borough of Quebec City, Quebec. Population : 62,110. It comprises Old Quebec, Saint-Roch , Saint-Jean-Baptiste, Montcalm , Saint-Sauveur and Saint-Sacrement ....
 Latin/Old Quebec
Old Quebec

Old Quebec is a neighbourhood of Quebec City, Quebec, the capital of the province of Quebec in Canada. Generally speaking 'Old Quebec' refers to the part of the city within the walls....
 · Saint-Jean-Baptiste
Saint-Jean-Baptiste

Saint-Jean-Baptiste is a neighbourhood of Quebec City, Quebec, the Capital of the province of Quebec in Canada. It is known for its shopping and restaurants....
 · Montcalm
Montcalm

Montcalm may refer to:People*Louis-Joseph de Montcalm: commander of the French forces in North America during the French and Indian War....
 · Saint-Sacrement · Petit Champlain · Saint-Sauveur · Saint-Roch
Saint-Roch (Quebec City)

Saint-Roch is a neighbourhood in the borough of La Cit? in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. It is currently going through a revitalization program and is poised to become the new center of artistic creation in the capital....
 · Saint-Malo
Les Rivières
Les Rivières (Quebec City)

Les Rivi?res is a borough of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. Population : 59,195. It comprises Lebourgneuf, Duberger, Les Saules and Vanier, Quebec....
Lebourgneuf, Duberger, Les Saules and Vanier
Vanier, Quebec

Vanier is a former city in central Quebec, Canada. It was amalgamated into Quebec City, Quebec in 2002. It is located within the Borough of Les Rivi?res . Population : 11,504...
Sainte-Foy—Sillery
Sainte-Foy—Sillery

Sainte-Foy?Sillery is the wealthiest borough of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. Population : 68,410. It comprises Sillery, Quebec and most of Sainte-Foy, Quebec....
 Cité universitaire · Saint-Louis · Sillery · Pointe-de-Ste-Foy
Charlesbourg
Charlesbourg, Quebec

Founded in 1659, Charlesbourg is a borough of Quebec City, in the northeastern part of the city and West of the city of Beauport, Quebec. Population : 70,310....
 Saint-Rodrigue · Des Sentiers · Des Monts
Beauport
Beauport, Quebec

Beauport is a borough of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada on the St. Lawrence River. Its population in 2001 was 72,813 .Beauport is a northeastern suburb of Quebec City....
 Vieux-Moulin · Sainte-Thérèse-de-Lisieux · Villeneuve · Courville
Limoilou Maizerets
Maizerets

Maizerets is a part of the Limoilou borough of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada that has a population of 7,197....
 · Vieux-Limoilou · Lairet · Du Colisée
La Haute-Saint-Charles Lac-Saint-Charles, Saint-Émile
Saint-Émile, Quebec

Saint-?mile is a former city in central Quebec, Canada. It was amalgamated into Quebec City, Quebec on January 1, 2002. It is located within the Borough of La Haute-Saint-Charles. Population: 10,989....
, Neufchâtel and Loretteville
Loretteville, Quebec

Loretteville is a former city in central Quebec, Canada. It was amalgamated into Quebec City, Quebec on January 1, 2002. It is located within the Borough of La Haute-Saint-Charles. Population : 13,737....
LaurentienVal-Bélair, Cap-Rouge
*These neighbourhoods are not legally separate.


Architecture

Chateau Frontenac in Halifax
Much of the city's best architecture is located east of the fortification walls in Vieux-Québec (Old Quebec) and Place Royale
Old Quebec

Old Quebec is a neighbourhood of Quebec City, Quebec, the capital of the province of Quebec in Canada. Generally speaking 'Old Quebec' refers to the part of the city within the walls....
. This area has a distinct European feel with its stone buildings and winding streets lined with shops and restaurants. Porte St-Louis and Porte St-Jean are the main gates through the walls from the modern section of downtown. West of the walls are the Parliament Hill district and the Plains of Abraham
Plains of Abraham

The Plains of Abraham is a historic 108-acre plateau within The Battlefields Park in Quebec City, Canada, located just outside the Citadelle of Quebec and the Ramparts of Quebec City....
.

The Upper Town is linked by the Escalier «casse-cou» (literally "neck-breaking" steps) and the Old Quebec Funicular
Old Quebec Funicular

The Old Quebec Funicular is a funicular in the Old Quebec neighbourhood of the city of Quebec City in Canada. It links the Haute-Ville to the Basse-Ville , which includes such sites as the ancient Notre Dame des Victoires church, the historic Petit Champlain district, the port, and the Mus?e de la civilisation ....
 to the Lower Town, which includes such sites as the ancient Notre Dame des Victoires
Notre Dame des Victoires

Notre-Dame-des-Victoires is a small church in the Lower Town of Quebec City. Construction was started in 1687 and was completed in 1723. Originally dedicated to l'Enfant J?sus, it received the name Notre-Dame-de-la-Victoire following the Battle of Quebec of 1690, in which an English expedition commanded by William Phips was forced...
 church, the historic Petit Champlain district, the port, and the Musée de la Civilisation
Musée de la civilisation

The Mus?e de la civilisation is a museum located in Quebec City. Permanent and temporary exhibitions are held at the museum, usually related to humanities, and virtual exhibitions are also available....
 (Museum of Civilization). The Lower Town is filled with original architecture and street designs, dating back to the city's beginnings. Murals and statues are also featured. The Lower Town is also noted for its wide variety of boutiques, many featuring hand-crafted goods.
Quebeccitysum04
Quebec City's skyline is dominated by the massive Château Frontenac
Château Frontenac

The Ch?teau Frontenac grand hotel is one of the most popular attractions in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.Designed by architect Bruce Price, the Ch?teau Frontenac was one of a series of Canada's railway hotels built for the Canadian Pacific Railway company at the end of the 19th and the start of the 20th century....
 Hotel, perched on top of Cap-Diamant. The hotel is beside the Terrasse Dufferin (Dufferin Terrace), a walkway along the edge of the cliff, offering beautiful views of the Saint Lawrence River.

The Terrasse Dufferin leads toward the nearby Plains of Abraham
Plains of Abraham

The Plains of Abraham is a historic 108-acre plateau within The Battlefields Park in Quebec City, Canada, located just outside the Citadelle of Quebec and the Ramparts of Quebec City....
, site of the battle in which the British
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
 took Quebec from France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
, and the Citadelle of Quebec
Citadelle of Quebec

The Citadelle?the French name is used both in English and French?is a military installation and official residence located atop Cap Diamant, adjoining the Plains of Abraham in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada....
, a Canadian Forces
Canadian Forces

The Canadian Forces , officially the Canadian Armed Forces , are the unified armed forces of Canada, as constituted by the National Defence Act, which states: "The Canadian Forces are the armed forces of Her Majesty raised by Canada and consist of one Service called the Canadian Armed Forces." This singular institution consists of thre...
 installation and the federal vice-regal secondary residence
Governor General of Canada

The Governor General of Canada is the viceroy representative in Canada of the Monarchy of Canada, who is the head of state. Canada is one of sixteen Commonwealth realms, all of which share the same person as their respective sovereign....
. The Parliament Building
Parliament Building (Quebec)

The Parliament Building is an eight-floor building and home to the Parliament of Quebec in Quebec City. The building was designed by architect Eug?ne-?tienne Tach? and was built from 1877 to 1886....
, the meeting place of the Parliament of Quebec, is also near the Citadelle
Citadelle

Citadelle may mean:* The Citadelle of Quebec in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.* The Citadelle Laferri?re in northern Haiti.* A French language spelling of "citadel"....
.

Near the Château Frontenac is Notre-Dame de Québec Cathedral
Notre-Dame de Québec Cathedral

The Cathedral-minor basilica of Notre-Dame de Qu?bec , located at 20, rue de Buade, Quebec City, Quebec, is the primate church of Canada and seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec, the oldest see in the New World north of Mexico....
, mother church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec

The Archdiocese of Qu?bec City is the oldest Catholicism Episcopal see in the New World north of Mexico. It was founded as the Apostolic Vicariate of New France in 1658 and was elevated to a Diocese in 1674 and an Archdiocese in 1819....
. It is the first church in the New World
New World

The New World is one of the names used for the non-Eurasian/non-African parts of the Earth, specifically the Americas and Australasia. When the term originated in the late 15th century, the Americas were new to the Europeans, who previously thought of the world as consisting only of Europe, Asia, and Africa ....
 to be raised to a basilica
Basilica

The Latin word basilica , was originally used to describe a ancient Rome public building , usually located in the Forum of a Roman town. In Hellenistic cities, public basilicas appeared in the 2nd century BC....
 and is the primatial
Primate (religion)

Primate is a title or rank bestowed on some bishops in certain Christianity churches. Depending on the particular tradition, it can denote either jurisdictional authority or ceremonial precedence ....
 church of Canada.

Culture


Tourism


Quebec City is known for its Winter Carnival and for its Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day
Fête nationale du Québec

Qu?bec's National Holiday is the National Day of the Canadian province of Qu?bec. A paid Public holidays in Canada covered by the Act Respecting Labour Standards, it is celebrated annually on June 24, Nativity of St....
 celebrations.

Tourist attractions located near Quebec City include Montmorency Falls
Montmorency Falls

The Montmorency Falls form a large waterfall in Quebec, Canada, located near Quebec City, Quebec. The falls, at 84 meters high, are the highest in the province of Quebec and 30 m higher than Niagara Falls....
 and the Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré
Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré

The Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupr? is a basilica set along the Saint Lawrence River in Quebec, 30 kilometres east of Quebec City. It has been credited by the Roman Catholic Church with many miracles of curing the sick and disabled....
.

Natural science sites

Jardin zoologique du Québec, reopened in 2002 after two years of restorations but closed in 2006 after a political decision. It featured 750 specimens of 300 different species of animals. The zoo specialized in winged fauna and garden themes, but also presented several species of mammals. While it emphasizes the indigenous fauna of Quebec, one of its principal attractions was the Indo-Australian greenhouse, featuring fauna and flora from these areas.

Parc Aquarium du Québec
Parc Aquarium du Quebec

Parc Aquarium du Quebec is an Aquarium located in Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada. The 16 hectare facility is home to more than 10,000 fish specimens....
, reopened in 2002 on a site overlooking the St. Lawrence River, presents more than 10,000 specimens of mammals, reptiles, fish and other aquatic fauna of North America and the Arctic
Arctic

The Arctic is the region around the Earth's North Pole, opposite the Antarctica region around the South Pole. The Arctic includes the Arctic Ocean and parts of Canada, Greenland , Russia, the United States , Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Finland....
. Polar bear
Polar Bear

The polar bear is a bear native to the Arctic Ocean and its surrounding seas. The world's largest carnivore found on land, and shares the title of largest land predator with the Kodiak Bear, an adult male weighs around , while an adult female is about half that size....
s and various species of seal
Pinniped

Pinnipeds or fin-footed mammals are a widely distributed and diverse group of semi-aquatic marine mammals comprising the families Odobenidae , Otariidae , and Phocidae ....
s of the Arctic sector and the "Large Ocean", a large basin offering visitors a view from underneath, form part of the principal attractions.

Museums
  • Musée des Ursulines de Québec (See Ursulines of Quebec
    Ursulines of Quebec

    The Ursuline Convent of Quebec City, , founded in 1639, is the oldest institution of learning for women in North America. Today, the convent operates an historical museum and teaching center....
    )


Sport


Teams
  • Quebec Kebs of the Premier Basketball League
    Premier Basketball League

    The Premier Basketball League is a professional men's basketball sports league that began play in January 2008. The league had ten teams for the 2008 season....
  • Quebec Remparts
    Québec Remparts

    There have been two junior ice hockey franchises known as the Qu?bec Remparts that played in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The first franchise played from 1969 to 1985; the current franchise has played since 1997....
     of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League
    Quebec Major Junior Hockey League

    The Quebec Major Junior Hockey League is one of the three Major Junior ice hockey leagues which constitute the Canadian Hockey League. Due to its cumbersome name, the league is often referred to as "The Q."...
  • Quebec Capitales
    Quebec Capitales

    The Quebec Capitales are a professional baseball team based in Quebec City, Quebec, in Canada. The Capitales are a member of the Canadian-American Association of Professional Baseball, which is not affiliated with Major League Baseball....
     of the Canadian-American Association of Professional Baseball
    Canadian-American Association of Professional Baseball

    The Canadian American Association of Professional Baseball, based in Durham, North Carolina, is a professional, Independent league baseball baseball league located in the Northeastern United States and the Canada provinces of Ontario and Quebec....
  • Laval University Rouge-et-Or
    Laval Rouge-et-Or

    Rouge et Or is the name of Universit? Laval's varsity sports teams.Home games are all held in the PEPS indoor and outdoor sports facilities....
     of the Canadian Interuniversity Sport
    Canadian Interuniversity Sport

    Canadian Interuniversity Sport is the national governing body of university sport in Canada, comprising the majority of degree granting universities in the country....
     men's football
  • Quebec City Monarks
    Quebec City Monarks

    The Quebec City Monarks are the Quebec City Canadian football team in the Ligue de Football Majeur du Quebec .They have won the regular season league championship as well as the Silver Cup in 2005, 2006, and 2007 since joining the league in 2003....
     of the Ligue de football majeur du Québec
  • Quebec City Rebelles
    Quebec City Rebelles

    The Rebelles are the Qu?bec City Football team in the Ligue de Football Majeur du Quebec Links*] ]...
     of the Ligue de football majeur du Québec
  • FC Quebec
    FC Quebec

    FC Quebec are an expansion team to the professional Canadian Soccer League due to join the competition in 2009. They are to be based in Quebec City, marking the league's second expansion out of Ontario....
     of the Canadian Soccer League
    Canadian Soccer League (current)

    The Canadian Soccer League is the top Association football league In Canada. It is Canada's only professional soccer league, but only features teams based in Ontario and Quebec....
  • Quebec Phoenix of the Canadian Women's Hockey League
    Canadian Women's Hockey League

    The Canadian Women's Hockey League ice hockey league was founded in 2007. The league currently has six ice hockey teams in Ontario and Qu?bec....
  • Quebec Arsenal of the W-League - United Soccer leagues


Former teams
  • Quebec Bulldogs
    Quebec Bulldogs

    The Quebec Bulldogs were a men's senior-level ice hockey team officially known as the Quebec Hockey Club, later as the Quebec Athletic Club. Their recorded play goes back as far as the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada in 1889, although the Quebec Hockey Club is known to have played in tournaments prior to that date....
     of the National Hockey League
    National Hockey League

    The National Hockey League is a professional ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America. It is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the North American Major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada....
  • Quebec Nordiques
    Quebec Nordiques

    The Quebec Nordiques were a professional ice hockey team based in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The Nordiques played in the World Hockey Association and the National Hockey League ....
     of the National Hockey League
    National Hockey League

    The National Hockey League is a professional ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America. It is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the North American Major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada....
     and World Hockey Association
    World Hockey Association

    The World Hockey Association was a professional ice hockey league that operated in North America from 1972-73 WHA season to 1978-79 WHA season....
  • Quebec Aces
    Quebec Aces

    The Quebec Aces, also known in French as As de Qu?bec, were an amateur and later a professional men's ice hockey team from Quebec City, Quebec....
     of the American Hockey League
    American Hockey League

    The American Hockey League is a professional ice hockey league in North America that serves as the primary developmental circuit for the National Hockey League ....
  • Quebec Citadelles
    Quebec Citadelles

    The Quebec Citadelles were an ice hockey team in the American Hockey League. They played in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada at the Colis?e Pepsi. The name refers to the Citadelle of Quebec, a landmark fortification in that city since the late 1600s....
     of the American Hockey League
    American Hockey League

    The American Hockey League is a professional ice hockey league in North America that serves as the primary developmental circuit for the National Hockey League ....
  • Quebec Rafales of the International Hockey League
  • Quebec Radio X
    Quebec Radio X

    Quebec Radio X is a hockey team based in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The team is part of the Ligue Nord-Am?ricaine de Hockey . The Radio X plays at the Pavillon de la Jeunesse, having previously played at the Colisee Pepsi....
     of the Ligue Nord-Américaine de hockey
    Ligue Nord-Américaine de Hockey

    The Ligue Nord-Am?ricaine de Hockey was founded in 2004 and is a low-level professional league based in the Canadian province of Quebec. It was called the Quebec Semi-Pro Hockey League from 1996 to 2004 when it turned pro....
  • Quebec Caribous
    Quebec Caribous

    File:Quebec Caribous logo.GIFThe Quebec Caribous were a member of the National Lacrosse League . The franchise was originally the Syracuse Stingers who were founded in 1974 with the creation of the league....
     of the National Lacrosse League (1974-75)
    National Lacrosse League (1974-75)

    The National Lacrosse League was a box lacrosse league that lasted two seasons: 1974 and 1975. It is not related to the modern National Lacrosse League....
  • Quebec Carnavals of baseball's Eastern League


Sporting events
  • Challenge Bell
    Bell Challenge

    The Bell Challenge is a Women's Tennis Association Tier III tennis tournament held in Quebec City, Canada since 1993. The tournament is played on indoor hardcourt....
    , a women's WTA
    Women's Tennis Association

    The Women's Tennis Association, formed in 1973, is the principal organizing body of women's professional tennis. It organizes the WTA Tour, the worldwide professional tennis tour for women, which has for sponsorship reasons been known since 2005 as The Sony Ericsson WTA Tour....
     tennis
    Tennis

    Tennis is a sport played between two players or between two teams of two players each . Each player uses a strung racquet to strike a hollow rubber Tennis ball covered with felt over a net into the opponent's tennis court....
     tournament.
  • Crashed Ice
    Crashed Ice

    Crashed Ice is a winter extreme sporting event sponsored by the Red Bull energy drink, which involves downhill skating in an urban environment, on a track which includes steep turns and high vertical drops....
    , an extreme downhill skating race
  • Quebec City International Pee-Wee Tournament, a major minor hockey
    Minor hockey

    Minor hockey is an umbrella term for amateur ice hockey played below the junior ice hockey age level. Players are classified by age, with each age group playing in its own league....
     tournament.
  • new international cycling stage race to be held in September 2008


The Quebec Nordiques
Quebec Nordiques

The Quebec Nordiques were a professional ice hockey team based in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The Nordiques played in the World Hockey Association and the National Hockey League ....
 played in the World Hockey Association
World Hockey Association

The World Hockey Association was a professional ice hockey league that operated in North America from 1972-73 WHA season to 1978-79 WHA season....
 (WHA) from 1972 to 1979 and then in the National Hockey League
National Hockey League

The National Hockey League is a professional ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America. It is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the North American Major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada....
 (NHL) from 1979 to 1995, maintaining a strong rivalry with the Montreal Canadiens
Montreal Canadiens

The Montreal Canadiens are a professional ice hockey team based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The team is a member of the Northeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
, and the Buffalo Sabres
Buffalo Sabres

The Buffalo Sabres are a professional ice hockey team based in Buffalo, New York. They are members of the Northeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ....
. Due to financial problems, the team moved to Denver, Colorado
Denver, Colorado

Denver is the Capital and the Colorado municipalities of the state of Colorado, in the United States. Denver is a consolidated city-county located in the South Platte River on the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains....
 in 1995, becoming Colorado Avalanche
Colorado Avalanche

The Colorado Avalanche are a professional ice hockey team based in Denver, Colorado, United States. They are members of the Northwest Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League ....
. There has been discussion of bringing a team back to the city, but former mayor Andrée Boucher had not supported the project. It is generally expected that Quebec City will need to build a new arena to get a new team, replacing the Colisée Pepsi
Colisée Pepsi

Colis?e Pepsi is a multi-purpose list of indoor arenas in Quebec City, Quebec. It was the home of the World Hockey Association and National Hockey League Quebec Nordiques from 1972-1995, and is currently the home of the Qu?bec Remparts of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League ....
, as well as organizing an ownership group.

There have been discussions around getting a Canadian Football League
Canadian Football League

The Canadian Football League is a professional sports league located entirely in Canada.Its eight teams, which are located in eight cities, are divided into two division of four teams each ....
 team. Quebec City is expected to be in competition with Moncton and Halifax for the franchise, though a new stadium would likely be needed as well. The local football team, the Rouge & Or
Laval Rouge-et-Or

Rouge et Or is the name of Universit? Laval's varsity sports teams.Home games are all held in the PEPS indoor and outdoor sports facilities....
 of the Université Laval
Université Laval

Universit? Laval is the oldest centre of education in Canada, and was the first institution in North America to offer higher education in French language....
 remains very popular.

Quebec City was appointed, together with Halifax, Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia is a Canadian Provinces and territories of Canada located on Canada's southeastern coast. It is the most populous province in Atlantic Canada....
, co-host of the 2008 IIHF World Championship
2008 IIHF World Championship

The 2008 IIHF World Championship was played between May 2 and May 18 2008 in the Canada cities of Halifax Regional Municipality and Quebec City ....
. Quebec City played host to various games (Group A and Group D) and the semi-finals, the bronze game and the finals. The IIHF World Championships were last held in North America in 1962, by Denver
Denver, Colorado

Denver is the Capital and the Colorado municipalities of the state of Colorado, in the United States. Denver is a consolidated city-county located in the South Platte River on the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains....
 and Colorado Springs, Colorado
Colorado Springs, Colorado

Colorado Springs is a Colorado municipalities#Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat and most populous city of El Paso County, Colorado, Colorado, United States....
.

Quebec City was the host of the Special Olympics Canada National Winter Games
Special Olympics Canada

Special Olympics Canada is a national organization created to help people with intellectual disabilities develop self-confidence and social skills through sports training and competition....
, held from February 26 to March 1, 2008. This event brought together over 1,000 athletes, coaches and mission staff members from Canada’s 10 provinces and 3 territories as well as more than 600 volunteers. Competitions were held throughout the week in the following sports: curling, snowshoeing, cross-country skiing , downhill skiing, floor hockey, figure skating and speed skating. The snowsoeing and cross-country events were held on the Plains of Abraham
Plains of Abraham

The Plains of Abraham is a historic 108-acre plateau within The Battlefields Park in Quebec City, Canada, located just outside the Citadelle of Quebec and the Ramparts of Quebec City....
, one of Canada
Canada

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
's most historic sites. The athletes selected for the Games strove for a place in Team Canada’s training group at the 2009 Special Olympics World Winter Games
Special Olympics World Games

The Special Olympics World Games are an international sports competition for athletes with intellectual disabilities, organized by Special Olympics....
.

Media


Economy

Most jobs in Quebec City are concentrated in public administration, defence, services, commerce, and transport. As the provincial capital, the city benefits from being a regional administrative and services centre: apropos, the provincial government is the largest employer in the city, employing 27,900 people as of 2007. CHUQ (the local hospital network)
Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec

Centre hospitalier universitaire de Qu?bec is a network of three teaching hospitals affiliated with the medical school of Universit? Laval and several specialized institutions in Quebec City....
 is the city's largest institutional employer, with more than 10,000 employees in 2007. In 2008, the unemployment rate in Quebec City was 4.5%, well below provincial and national averages (7.3% and 6.6%, respectively).

Around 10% of jobs are in manufacturing. Principal products include pulp and paper, processed food, metal/wood items, chemicals, electronics and electrical equipment, and printed materials.

Demographics

.]] According to the 2006 census, there were 491,142 people residing in Quebec City proper, and 715,515 people in the city's census metropolitan area. Of this total, 48.2% were male and 51.8% were female. Children under five accounted for approximately 4.7% of the resident population of Quebec City. This compares with 5.2% in the province of Quebec, and 5.6% for Canada overall.

While Montreal is considered by many to have a bilingual population, with many of its residents having a working knowledge of both French and English, Quebec City and its surrounding region is largely Francophone
Francophone

The adjective francophone means French language-speaking, typically as primary language, whether referring to individuals, groups, or places. Often, the word is used as a noun to describe a natively French-speaking person....
. The large majority of city residents are native French
French language

French is a Romance language spoken around the world by around 80 million people as first language, by 190 million as second language, and by about another 200 million people as an acquired tongue, with significant speakers in 54 countries....
-speakers. At the English community's peak during the 1860s, 40% of Quebec City's residents were Anglophone
Anglophone

An Anglophone is someone who speaks the English language. As an adjective, it refers to belonging to an English-speaking population especially in a country where two or more languages are spoken....
. Today, Anglophones only make up 1.5% of both the city and metropolitan area's population.

In mid-2001, 13.0% of the resident population in Quebec City was of retirement age (65 and over for males and females) compared with 13.2% in Canada. The average age is 39.5 years of age compared to 37.6 years of age for Canada as a whole.

In the five years between 1996 and 2001, the population of Quebec City grew by 1.6%, compared with an increase of 1.4% for the province of Quebec as a whole. Population density of Quebec City averaged 216.4 people per square kilometre, compared with an average of 5.3, for the province of Quebec as a whole.

At the time of that May 2001 census, the population of the Quebec City authority was 682,757, but was 710,700 when encompassing the Greater Quebec City Area, compared with a resident population in the province of Quebec of 7,237,479 people.

According to the 2001 census, over 90% of the population was Roman Catholic, along with very small Jewish and Protestant populations.

Quebec City's population by year
1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2006
131 000 151 000 289 000 379 000 481 000 576 000 645,550 686 569 715 515


Government

.]] , Quebec City]] The current mayor of Quebec City is Régis Labeaume
Régis Labeaume

R?gis Labeaume is a businessman, writer and current mayor of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.Labeaume was elected on December 2, 2007 with over 59% of the popular vote and defeated candidate Ann Bourget who was the front-runner throughout most of the campaign until the final few days....
, who was elected in a special election on December 2, 2007, following the death in office of Andrée P. Boucher, an independent, on August 24. Jacques Joli-Coeur
Jacques Joli-Coeur

Jacques Joli-Coeur is a politician from the Renouveau municipal de Qu?bec in Quebec, Canada. A city councillor and deputy mayor, he was the interim mayor of Quebec City, Canada following the death of Andr?e Boucher on August 24, 2007....
 of the Renouveau municipal de Québec
Renouveau municipal de Québec

The Renouveau municipal de Qu?bec is a political party in the city of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada that contests municipal elections. It was created on February 26, 2001, after the amalgamation of Quebec City and surrounding suburban municipalities....
 party served as interim mayor between Boucher's death and the by-election.

The current leader of the Renouveau municipal de Québec party, and leader of the majority group on Quebec City Council
Quebec City Council

The Quebec City City council consists of a mayor, and of 37 representatives distributed in the 37 districts, with List of presidents of districts of Quebec City in the elected representatives....
, is Jean-Marie Matte.

Party Initial Chief Governorship Opposition Seats
Renouveau municipal de Québec
Renouveau municipal de Québec

The Renouveau municipal de Qu?bec is a political party in the city of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada that contests municipal elections. It was created on February 26, 2001, after the amalgamation of Quebec City and surrounding suburban municipalities....
 R.M.Q. Jean-Marie Matte 1989 - 2005 2005 - 2007 23
Action civique de Québec
Action civique de Québec

Action civique de Qu?bec is a political party in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada that contests municipal elections. It was created in 2001 after the amalgamation of Quebec City and surrounding suburban municipalities....
 A.C.Q. Claude Larose N/A N/A 5
Parti Vision Québec V.Q. Marc Bellemare
Marc Bellemare

Marc Bellemare is a Canadian lawyer and politician from Quebec....
 N/A N/A 0
Option Capitale O.C. Pierre Coté N/A N/A 0
Independent Ind. X X X 9
Vacant X X X X 0
Total     37


Education

Université Laval
Université Laval

Universit? Laval is the oldest centre of education in Canada, and was the first institution in North America to offer higher education in French language....
 is located in the western end of the city, in the borough of Sainte-Foy
Sainte-Foy, Quebec

Sainte-Foy is a former city in central Quebec, Canada on the Saint Lawrence River. It was amalgamated into Quebec City on January 1, 2002. Most of Sainte-Foy is in the Borough of Sainte-Foy?Sillery, but part of it is in the Borough of Laurentien ....
. However, the school of architecture of Université Laval is located in Old Quebec. The central campus of the Université du Québec
Université du Québec

The Universit? du Qu?bec is a system of ten provincially-run public university in Quebec, Canada. Its headquarters are in Quebec City. The university has more than 87,000 students, making it the largest university in Canada....
, originally in Sainte-Foy, is also, since the amalgamation, located in Quebec City, as are the Université du Québec's École nationale d'administration publique
École nationale d'administration publique

The ?cole nationale d'administration publique , located in Quebec City, Quebec, was established in 1969 by the Quebec government, as a way of obtaining a professional public administration during a period when a number of social and structural changes were taking place within the province....
 and Institut national de la recherche scientifique
Institut national de la recherche scientifique

The Institut national de la recherche scientifique is the research-oriented branch of Universit? du Qu?bec which only offer graduate studies. INRS conducts research in four broad sectors: water, earth and the environment; INRS-EMT; human, animal and environmental health; and urbanization, culture and society....
, as well as Télé-université
Télé-université

T?l?-universit? is a component of the Universit? du Qu?bec ? Montr?al. Sometimes abbreviated to T?luq, it became a component of UQAM in June 2005....
, the distance learning component of the Université du Québec à Montréal
Université du Québec à Montréal

The Universit? du Qu?bec ? Montr?al is one of four university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada....
.

Numerous CEGEP
Cégep

A CEGEP is a higher education institution exclusive to the province of Quebec in Canada. CEGEP is a French language acronym for Coll?ge d'enseignement g?n?ral et professionnel, meaning "College of General and Vocational Education"....
s are located in Quebec city, including Cégep François-Xavier-Garneau, Cégep O'Sullivan, Cégep Limoilou
Cégep Limoilou

C?gep Limoilou is a French language-language C?gep in the province of Quebec. It is situated in Limoilou, a borough of Quebec City. One of its hallmarks is the "salon vert," or "green room."...
, Cégep de Sainte-Foy and Champlain-St. Lawrence College, as well as private institutions such as Collège Notre-Dame-de-Foy, Collège Mérici, Collège Bart, Collège CDI
CDI College

CDI College is a for-profit college in Canada. It offers programs in the business, technology and health care fields.The schools are owned by The Eminata Group, Inc....
 and Collège Multihexa.

Quebec City has the oldest educational institution for women in North America, the Ursulines of Quebec
Ursulines of Quebec

The Ursuline Convent of Quebec City, , founded in 1639, is the oldest institution of learning for women in North America. Today, the convent operates an historical museum and teaching center....
 monastery, located at 12 Rue Donnacona.

Infrastructure

Quebec City 03

Air and sea

Quebec City is served by Jean Lesage International Airport, located in the West of the city.

The city also has a large major port on the St-Lawrence in the first, fifth and sixth boroughs.

Roads

Three bridges, the Quebec Bridge
Quebec Bridge

The Quebec Bridge in List of bridges in Canada crosses the lower Saint Lawrence River to the west of Quebec City, and L?vis, Quebec, Quebec.The Quebec Bridge is a riveted steel truss structure and is 987 metres long, 29 m wide, and 104 m high....
 and Pierre Laporte Bridge
Pierre Laporte Bridge

The Pierre Laporte Bridge is the longest main span suspension bridge in Canada. It crosses the Saint Lawrence River approximately 200 m west of the famous Quebec Bridge between historic Quebec City, Quebec and Levis, Quebec, Quebec....
 connect the city with the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River
Saint Lawrence River

Saint Lawrence River is a large river flowing approximately from southwest to northeast in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean....
, as does a ferry
Ferry

A ferry is a form of transport, usually a boat or ship, used to carry passengers and their vehicles across a body of water. Ferries are also used to transport freight and even railroad cars....
 service to Lévis
Levis

L?vis or Levis may be:...
, and Orleans Island Bridge
Île d'Orléans Bridge

The ?le d'Orl?ans Bridge, known locally as the Pont de l'?le, is a suspension bridge that spans the Saint Lawrence River between Montmorency Falls, in Quebec City, and ?le d'Orl?ans in the Canada province of Quebec....
 connects Quebec City with the Orleans Island
Île d'Orléans

?le d'Orl?ans is located in the Saint Lawrence River about 20 km to the east of Quebec City's downtown, Quebec, Canada. It is 34 km long and 8 km wide....
. The city is a major hub in the Quebec provincial road network, fanning out from both sides of the river with an extensive autoroute
Autoroute

Autoroute is the French word for a major high-speed road restricted to motor vehicles without crossings and having limited access. Those are similar to a motorway or freeway in English-speaking countries....
 system.

Several important motorways of the Quebec road network pass by Quebec City, of which Autoroute 40
Quebec Autoroute 40

Autoroute 40 is a major Autoroute on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada. It is one of the two main connections between Montreal and Quebec City, Quebec ....
 connects it towards the west to Montreal and Route 175
Quebec route 175

Route 175 is a major north/south highway on both sides of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada. Its southern terminus is in Saint-Lambert-de-Lauzon, Quebec at the junction of Quebec Route 218 and its northern terminus is in Saguenay, Quebec at the junction of Quebec Route 172, in the former city of Chicoutimi....
 connects it towards the north to Chicoutimi.

Three principal expressways cross the agglomeration from the north to the south (starting from the west): Autoroute Henri-IV
Quebec Autoroute 573

Autoroute 573 is a short spur road located in Quebec City, Quebec, Quebec, connecting Quebec Autoroute 73 and Quebec Autoroute 40 to Quebec Route 369....
, Autoroute Robert-Bourassa
Quebec Autoroute 740

Autoroute 740 is a short connecting highway in Quebec City, Canada. Its southern end is at the Universit? Laval from Boulevard Laurier. Its northern end is at Quebec Autoroute 40 at the shopping mall "Les Galeries de la Capitale"....
, and Autoroute Laurentienne
Quebec Autoroute 73

Autoroute 73 is an important Autoroute in east-central Quebec, Canada. A-73 provides an important freeway connection to areas to the north and south of Quebec City, starting in the Beauce, Quebec region and ending in the Laurentian Mountains north of Quebec City....
. Three other motorways cross the western part of town (from north to south): Autoroute Félix Leclerc
Quebec Autoroute 40

Autoroute 40 is a major Autoroute on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada. It is one of the two main connections between Montreal and Quebec City, Quebec ....
 (known by the inhabitants as "Autoroute de la Capitale"), Autoroute Charest
Quebec Autoroute 440 (Quebec City)

Autoroute 440 is a superhighway located in Quebec City. It includes two separate segments, respectively named Autoroute Charest and Autoroute Dufferin-Montmorency....
, as well as Champlain Boulevard, which goes along the river to the Downtown area, then another Autoroute called Dufferin-Montmorency
Quebec Autoroute 440 (Quebec City)

Autoroute 440 is a superhighway located in Quebec City. It includes two separate segments, respectively named Autoroute Charest and Autoroute Dufferin-Montmorency....
 allows easier access to the extreme east of the city.

Public transit

The Réseau de transport de la Capitale
Réseau de transport de la Capitale

The R?seau de transport de la Capitale was established in 2002 from the merger of Soci?t? de transport de la Communaut? urbaine de Qu?bec and la Soci?t? de transport de Qu?bec to provide urban public transit services in the Quebec City area....
 is responsible for public transit in the region. The RTC operates a fleet of buses and will eventually implement articulated buses. The RTC is studying the return of a tram
Tram

A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railroad car, of lighter weight and construction than a train, designed for the transport of passengers within, close to, or between villages, towns and/or cities, on tracks running primarily on streets....
 system to help ease overcrowding on its busiest lines as well as attract new users to public transit. The $700-million revitalization project needs approval from higher levels of government since the city does not have the financial resources to fund such an ambitious project on its own.

Rail transport is operated by VIA Rail
VIA Rail

Via Rail Canada is an independent Crown corporation offering intercity passenger rail transport services in Canada.Via Rail Canada operates 480 trains in eight Canada Provinces of Canada over a network of of track spanning the country from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, and from the Great Lakes to Hudson Bay....
 at the (Gare du Palais). The station is the eastern terminus of the railway's main Quebec City-Windsor Corridor
Quebec City-Windsor Corridor

The Quebec City ? Windsor Corridor is the most densely-populated and heavily-industrialised region of Canada. With over 17 million people , it contained 56.8% of the Canadian population and three of the four List of the 100 largest metropolitan areas in Canada in the country in 2001....
. An inter-city bus station, with connections to the provincial long-distance bus network, is adjacent to the train station.

Public safety

Quebec City is protected by Service de police de la Ville de Québec
Service de police de la Ville de Québec

The Service de police de la Ville de Qu?bec is the police force of Quebec City, Quebec.External links...
 and Service de protection contre les incendies de Québec
Service de protection contre les incendies de Québec

External links**...
. Quebec City has one of the lowest crime rates in Canada. The city reported no murders in 2007, a streak that stretched back to October 31, 2006.

Partner cities

  • Albany,NY
    Albany, New York

    Albany is the Capital of the state of New York and the county seat of Albany County, New York. Albany is roughly 136 miles north of the city of New York City, and slightly south of the confluence of the Mohawk River and Hudson Rivers....
    , United States
    United States

    The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
  • Beirut
    Beirut

    Beirut is the Capital and largest city of Lebanon with a population of over 2.1 million as of 2007. Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's coastline with the Mediterranean sea, it serves as the country's largest and main seaport and also forms the Beirut District area, which consists of the city and its suburbs....
    , Lebanon
    Lebanon

    Lebanon , officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic , is a country in Western Asia, on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea....
     
  • Bordeaux
    Bordeaux

    is a Port city on the Garonne in southwest France, with one million inhabitants in its aire urbaine at a 2008 estimate. It is the Capital of the Aquitaine regions of France, as well as the Prefectures in France of the Gironde Departments of France....
    , Aquitaine
    Aquitaine

    Aquitaine , archaic Guyenne/Guienne , is one of the 26 regions of France, in the south-western part of metropolitan France, along the Atlantic Ocean and the Pyrenees mountain range on the border with Spain....
    , France
    France

    France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
     (since 1962)
  • Calgary
    Calgary

    Calgary is the largest city in the province of Alberta, Canada. It is located in the south of the province, in an area of foothills and High Plains, approximately east of the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies....
    , Alberta
    Alberta

    Alberta is one of Canada Canadian Prairies Provinces and territories of Canada. It became a province on September 1, 1905.Alberta is located in western Canada, bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the U.S....
    , Canada
    Canada

    Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
     (since 1956)
  • Cannes
    Cannes

    Cannes is a city in the Alpes-Maritimes Departments of France in the region of Provence-Alpes-C?te d'Azur in southeastern France. It is one of the best-known cities of the French Riviera....
    , France
    France

    France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
  • Changchun
    Changchun

    Changchun is the capital and largest city of Jilin Provinces of China, located in the northeast of the People's Republic of China, in the centre of the Songliao Plain....
    , China
    China

    China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
  • Iasi
    Iasi

    Iasi , is a Cities in Romania and Municipality in Romania in north-eastern Romania. The city was the capital of Principality of Moldavia from the 16th century until 1861 and of Romania between 1916?1918 during World War I....
    , Romania
    Romania

    Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian Mountains, bordering on the Black Sea....
  • Guanajuato, Guanajuato
    Guanajuato, Guanajuato

    The Mexican city of Guanajuato is the capital of the state of the same name. It is located at , 370 km northwest of Mexico City, at an elevation of 1,996 m above sea level....
    , Mexico
    Mexico

    The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
     (since 2002)
  • Hu?
    Hu?

    is the capital city of Thua Thien-Hue Province, Vietnam. Between 1802 and 1945, it was the imperial capital of the Nguy?n Dynasty. As such, it is well known for its monuments and architecture....
    , Vietnam
    Vietnam

    Vietnam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam , is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by People's Republic of China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east....
     (since 2005)
  • Liège
    Liege

    The term Liege may refer to:* Feudalism, where a liege is a party in the vassalic oath of allegiance* Li?ge Island, in the Antarctic* Li?ge , a subway station in Paris...
    , Belgium
    Belgium

    * A small German-speaking Community of Belgium exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political and cultural conflicts are reflected in the history of Belgium and a complex Communities and regions of Belgium....
     (since 2002)
  • Bergen
    Bergen

    Bergen is the second largest city in Norway, with a population of 252 051 as of January 1st, 2009. Bergen is the administrative centre of Hordaland county....
    , Norway
    Norway

    Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a constitutional monarchy in Northern Europe that occupies the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula....
  • Montevideo
    Montevideo

    Montevideo is the largest city, the capital and chief port of Uruguay. Montevideo is the only city in the country with a population over 1,000,000....
    , Uruguay
    Uruguay

    Uruguay is a country located in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to 3.46 million people, of whom 1.7 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area....
     (since 2000)
  • Namur
    Namur (city)

    Namur is a city and Municipalities in Belgium in Wallonia, in southern Belgium. It is both the capital of the Provinces of Belgium of Namur and of the Walloon Region ....
    , Belgium
    Belgium

    * A small German-speaking Community of Belgium exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political and cultural conflicts are reflected in the history of Belgium and a complex Communities and regions of Belgium....
     (since 1999)
  • Ouagadougou
    Ouagadougou

    Ouagadougou is the Capital of Burkina Faso and the administrative, communications, cultural and economic center of the nation. It is also the country's largest city, with a population of 1,475,223 National 2006 census final results ....
    , Burkina Faso
    Burkina Faso

    Burkina Faso , also known by its short-form name Burkina, is a landlocked nation in West Africa. It is surrounded by six countries: Mali to the north, Niger to the east, Benin to the south east, Togo and Ghana to the south, and C?te d'Ivoire to the south west....
     (since 2000)
  • Paris
    Paris

    Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
    , France
    France

    France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
     (since 2003)
  • Sousse
    Sousse

    Sousse , is a city of Tunisia. Located 140 km south of Tunis, the city has 173, 047 inhabitants . It is in the central-east of the country, on the Gulf of Hammamet, which is a part of the Mediterranean Sea....
    , Tunisia
    Tunisia

    Tunisia , officially the Tunisian Republic , is a country located in North Africa. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and Libya to the southeast....
     (since 2004)
  • St. Petersburg, Russia
    Russia

    Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
     (since 2002)
  • Xi'an
    Xi'an

    Xi'an , is the Capital of the Shaanxi Provinces of China in the People's Republic of China and a sub-provincial city. As one of the oldest cities in Chinese history, Xi'an is one of the Historical capitals of China because it has been the capital of some of the most important Dynasties in Chinese history in Chinese history, including the Zh...
    , China
    China

    China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
     (since 2001)


See also


External links

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Multimedia

  • on Preserving Quebec City (1976)