Prenyltransferase
Encyclopedia
Prenyltransferases are a class of enzymes that transfer allylic prenyl groups to acceptor molecules. Prenyl transferases commonly refer to prenyl diphosphate synthases.
Prenyltransferases are commonly divided into two classes, cis (or Z) and trans (or E), depending upon the stereochemistry
of the resulting products. Examples of trans-prenyltranferases include dimethylallyltranstransferase
, and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase. Cis-prenyltransferases include dehydrodolichol diphosphate synthase (involved in the production of a precursor to dolichol
).
The beta subunit of the farnesyltransferase
s is responsible for peptide binding. Squalene-hopene cyclase is a bacterial enzyme that catalyzes the cyclization of squalene into hopene, a key step in hopanoid (triterpenoid) metabolism. Lanosterol synthase (oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase) catalyzes the cyclization of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene to lanosterol, the initial precursor of cholesterol, steroid hormones and vitamin D in vertebrates and of ergosterol in fungi. Cycloartenol synthase (2,3-epoxysqualene-cycloartenol cyclase) is a plant enzyme that catalyzes the cyclization of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene to cycloartenol.
; LSS
; PGGT1B
; RABGGTB
Prenyltransferases are commonly divided into two classes, cis (or Z) and trans (or E), depending upon the stereochemistry
Stereochemistry
Stereochemistry, a subdiscipline of chemistry, involves the study of the relative spatial arrangement of atoms within molecules. An important branch of stereochemistry is the study of chiral molecules....
of the resulting products. Examples of trans-prenyltranferases include dimethylallyltranstransferase
Dimethylallyltranstransferase
Dimethylallyltranstransferase is an enzyme that converts dimethylallylpyrophosphate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate into farnesylpyrophosphate. It is also referred to as farnesylpyrophosphate synthase or farnesyldiphosphate synthase....
, and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase. Cis-prenyltransferases include dehydrodolichol diphosphate synthase (involved in the production of a precursor to dolichol
Dolichol
Dolichol refers to any of a group of long-chain mostly unsaturated organic compounds that are made up of varying numbers of isoprene units terminating in an α-saturated isoprenoid group, containing an alcohol functional group.-Functions:...
).
The beta subunit of the farnesyltransferase
Farnesyltransferase
Farnesyltransferase is one of the three enzymes in the prenyltransferase group. Farnesyltransferase adds a 15-carbon isoprenoid called a farnesyl group to proteins bearing a CaaX motif: a four-amino acid sequence at the carboxyl terminus of a protein...
s is responsible for peptide binding. Squalene-hopene cyclase is a bacterial enzyme that catalyzes the cyclization of squalene into hopene, a key step in hopanoid (triterpenoid) metabolism. Lanosterol synthase (oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase) catalyzes the cyclization of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene to lanosterol, the initial precursor of cholesterol, steroid hormones and vitamin D in vertebrates and of ergosterol in fungi. Cycloartenol synthase (2,3-epoxysqualene-cycloartenol cyclase) is a plant enzyme that catalyzes the cyclization of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene to cycloartenol.
Human proteins containing this domain
FNTBFNTB
Protein farnesyltransferase subunit beta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FNTB gene.-Further reading:...
; LSS
Lanosterol synthase
Lanosterol synthase is an oxidosqualene cyclase enzyme that converts -2,3-oxidosqualene to a protosterol cation and finally to lanosterol. Lanosterol is a key four-ringed intermediate in cholesterol biosynthesis...
; PGGT1B
Geranylgeranyltransferase type 1
Geranylgeranyltransferase type 1 or simply geranylgeranyltransferase is one of the three enzymes in the prenyltransferase group. In specific terms, Geranylgeranyltransferase adds a 20-carbon isoprenoid called a geranylgeranyl group to proteins bearing a CaaX motif: a four-amino acid sequence at...
; RABGGTB
Rab geranylgeranyltransferase
Rab geranylgeranyltransferase also known as geranylgeranyltransferase II is one of the three prenyltransferases. It transfers two geranylgeranyl groups to the cystein at the C-terminus of Rab proteins....
External links
- Protein prenyltransferases alpha subunit repeat in PROSITEPROSITEPROSITE is a protein database. It consists of entries describing the protein families, domains and functional sites as well as amino acid patterns, signatures, and profiles in them. These are manually curated by a team of the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and tightly integrated into Swiss-Prot...