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Physical education
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In most educational systems, physical education (P.E.) class,Phys Ed, is a course that utilizes learning in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains in a play or movement exploration setting. The term physical education is most commonly used in this way; however, this denotes rather that "they have participated in the subject area, not studied it."
The primary aims of physical education have varied, based on the needs of the time and place.
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In most educational systems, physical education (P.E.) class,Phys Ed, is a course that utilizes learning in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains in a play or movement exploration setting. The term physical education is most commonly used in this way; however, this denotes rather that "they have participated in the subject area, not studied it."
The primary aims of physical education have varied, based on the needs of the time and place. Most modern schools' goal is to make students with the knowledge, skills, capacities, and values along with the enthusiasm to maintain a healthy lifestyle into adulthood. Some schools also require physical education as a way to promote weight loss in students. Activities included in the program are designed to promote physical fitness, to develop motor skills, to instill knowledge and understanding of rules, concepts, and strategies, and to teach students to work as part of a team, or as individuals, in a wide variety of competitive activities.
In the United States, the physical education curriculum is designed to allow school pupils exposure to the education with the use of pedometer, GPS, and heart rate monitors. Some martial arts classes, like wrestling in the United States, and Pencak Silat in France and Malaysia, are taught to teach children self-defense and to feel good about themselves. This allows kids through 6th grade to be introduced to sports, fitness, and teamwork in order to be better prepared for the middle and high school age. In 1975, the United States House of Representatives voted to require school physical education classes include both genders. Some high school and some middle school PE classes are single-sex. Requiring individuals to participate in physical education activities, such as dodgeball, flag football, and other competitive sports remains a controversial subject because of the social impact these games have on young children.The primary aims of physical education have varied, based on the needs of the time and place. Most modern schools' goal is to make students with the knowledge, skills, capacities, and values along with the enthusiasm to maintain a healthy lifestyle into adulthood. Some schools also require physical education as a way to promote weight loss in students. Activities included in the program are designed to promote physical fitness, to develop motor skills, to instill knowledge and understanding of rules, concepts, and strategies, and to teach students to work as part of a team, or as individuals, in a wide variety of competitive activities.In Singapore, pupils from primary school through junior colleges are required to have 2 hours of PE every school week, except during examination seasons. Pupils are able to play games like football, badminton, 'captain's ball' and basketball during most sessions. Unorthodox sports such as tchoukball, fencing and skateboarding are occasionally played. In more prestigious secondary schools and in junior colleges, sports such as golf, tennis, shooting, squash are played. A compulsory fitness exam, NAPFA, is conducted in every school once every year to assess the physical fitness of the pupils. Pupils are given a series of fitness tests (Pull-ups/ Inclined pull-ups for girls, standing broad jump, sit-ups, sit-and-reach and 1.2 km for secondary/2.4 km for junior colleges run). Students are graded by gold, silver, bronze and fail. NAPFA for Year 2 males in junior colleges serves as an indicator for an additional 2 months in the country's compulsory national service if they attain bronze or fail.In Scotland, pupils are expected to do two periods of PE in first year, one in second year and two in third and fourth year. In fifth and sixth year, PE is voluntary. In the Philippines, some schools have integrated martial arts training into their Physical Education cirriculum.In England, pupils are expected to do two hours of PE a week in Year 7, 8 and 9 and at least 1 in year 10 and 11.In Wales, pupils are expected to do one hour of PE per fortnight.Nepal has passed through many educational changes recently. It has not gone very far in the sector of education because the educational history of Nepal is very short. Before 1951, it had a monarchy. The monarchy did not wish to provide education to the citizens as it did not wish them to be educated and therefore politically aware. Institution of democracy did not result in a modern educational system; what education there was walked like a lame turtle. After 10 years of democracy the country again plunged into an autocratic monarchy. In 1990 democracy was restored and the education sector started to flourish.Since then, Physical education became part of the school curriculum. At the primary level (1-5), some minor and local games are taught, like hide and seek and some athletic based local events. In lower secondary level (6-8), the students are taught general concepts on major games like football, volleyball, basket ball, Kho-Kho and Kabaddi. They also learn some athletics like 100m race 100*4m relay race and some other minor and lead up games. In class Nine and ten it is an optional subject where they specialize in some games like volleyball, basketball, handball, cricket, Kho Kho Kabaddi, Badminton, table tennis and some athletics are also taught. In college it is taught in the education stream. Even though it is included in school curriculum, Nepal is not able to produce any worthwhile products of games and sports for reasons ranging from poverty to decentralized government.
Clothing
The majority of schools require pupils to change into a different set of athletic shoes or go barefoot depending on the sport. Some schools allow students to change into athletic clothes of their own choosing while others require a uniform. A common uniform consists of a white t-shirt and shorts in the school color, but this is not a universal rule. At some Catholic schools, modest clothing is required. For safety, some schools require males to wear a jock strap as part of the physical education uniform. Some schools allow male students to go barechested when they are outside during a hot day. Most uniformed classes require the student to label their clothes with their names.
Certain activities require a special uniform. For example, some schools require swimming as part of the physical education curriculum. In this case, students have to wear a bathing suit in either the school color or black with a swimming cap of the same color. Also, in games with two or more teams, students usually have to wear colored jerseys or cape-like garments over the usual uniform as a way of identifying team member.
Some schools are more lenient and pupils can wear tracksuit bottoms, three-quarter lengths or even shorts, with a t-shirt of their choice as long as there is no football, rugby etc colours.
In Australia, students are often allowed to participate barefoot. Classes are also often held outside on the "oval" or playing field. Because of this, a large-brimmed hat is often a required part of the uniform to protect students from the Sun.
Some gym classes in the U.S. have begun to restructure gym classes so that they can allow more time for academics. These new 'classes' only require that students log a certain amount of time spent doing physical activities (of which athletes are exempt). Once a student has logged enough time on school grounds in either a fitness center or in the gym itself, they gain a gym credit and don't have to take the class again. Proponents of this new system say it allows for more time to be allocated for academics. Those against this new gym class say that its not enough and that gym should occur as its own class over the four years a pupil is enrolled in the school. This new theory is most prevalent in northeastern states as it originated in Maine.
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