Phanes (organic chemistry)
Encyclopedia
Phanes are sub-structures of highly complex organic molecules introduced for simplification of the naming of these highly complex molecules.
Systematic nomenclature of organic chemistry
consists of building a name for the structure of an organic compound
by a collection of names of its composite parts but describing also its relative positions within the structure. Naming information is summarised by IUPAC:
Whilst the cyclophane
name describes only a limited number of sub-structures of benzene
rings interconnected by individual atoms or chains, 'phane' is a class name which includes others, hence heterocyclic rings
as well. Therefore the various cyclophanes are perfectly good for the general class of phanes as well keeping in mind that the cyclic structures in phanes could have much greater diversity.
Systematic nomenclature of organic chemistry
Organic chemistry
Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of carbon-based compounds, hydrocarbons, and their derivatives...
consists of building a name for the structure of an organic compound
Organic compound
An organic compound is any member of a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of carbon-containing compounds such as carbides, carbonates, simple oxides of carbon, and cyanides, as well as the...
by a collection of names of its composite parts but describing also its relative positions within the structure. Naming information is summarised by IUPAC:
"Phane nomenclature is a new method for building names for organic structures by assembling names that describe component parts of a complex structure. It is based on the idea that a relatively simple skeleton for a parent hydride can be modified by an operation called 'amplification', a process that replaces one or more special atoms (superatomSuperatomSuperatoms are clusters of atoms that seem to exhibit some of the properties of elemental atoms.Sodium atoms, when cooled from vapor, naturally condense into clusters, preferentially containing a magic number of atoms . The first two of these can be recognized as the numbers of electrons needed to...
s) of a simplified skeleton by multiatomic structures".
Whilst the cyclophane
Cyclophane
A cyclophane is a hydrocarbon consisting of an aromatic unit and an aliphatic chain that forms a bridge between two non-adjacent positions of the aromatic ring. More complex derivatives with multiple aromatic units and bridges forming cagelike structures are also known...
name describes only a limited number of sub-structures of benzene
Benzene
Benzene is an organic chemical compound. It is composed of 6 carbon atoms in a ring, with 1 hydrogen atom attached to each carbon atom, with the molecular formula C6H6....
rings interconnected by individual atoms or chains, 'phane' is a class name which includes others, hence heterocyclic rings
Heterocyclic compound
A heterocyclic compound is a cyclic compound which has atoms of at least two different elements as members of its ring. The counterparts of heterocyclic compounds are homocyclic compounds, the rings of which are made of a single element....
as well. Therefore the various cyclophanes are perfectly good for the general class of phanes as well keeping in mind that the cyclic structures in phanes could have much greater diversity.