Pavilion Indian Band
Encyclopedia
The Pavilion Indian Band or Ts'kw'aylaxw First Nation or Tsk'waylacw First Nation or Tsk'weylecw First Nation, and also known in the plural e.g. Ts'kw'alaxw First Nations, is a First Nations
government, located in the Fraser Canyon
region of the Central Interior
of the Canadian province of British Columbia
. It was created when the government of the then-Colony of British Columbia
established an Indian Reserve
system in the 1860s.
The Pavilion people are part of both the Secwepemc
(Shuswap) and St'at'imc
(Lillooet) Nations, and are located at Pavilion
in the Fraser Canyon
north of Lillooet
.
The Pavilion Band is one of three Secwepemc bands that is not a member of either the Shuswap Nation Tribal Council
or the Northern Shuswap Tribal Council
. The Pavilion people are also partly Sťáťimc (Lillooet) and belong to the Lillooet Tribal Council
(St'at'imc Nation).
In the St'at'imcets language, Pavilion is called Ts'kw'aylacw or Ts'kw'aylaxw ("frost") (Pavilion is at a high elevation and much of the community is in shade for most of the day in winter, leading to frozen ground). The same name in the Secwepmectsin
is Tsk'wéylecw. The people themselves are called the Tsk'waylacw'mc
in St'at'imcets, or Tsk'weylecw'mc
in Secwepmectsin.
First Nations
First Nations is a term that collectively refers to various Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis. There are currently over 630 recognised First Nations governments or bands spread across Canada, roughly half of which are in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia. The...
government, located in the Fraser Canyon
Fraser Canyon
The Fraser Canyon is an 84 km landform of the Fraser River where it descends rapidly through narrow rock gorges in the Coast Mountains en route from the Interior Plateau of British Columbia to the Fraser Valley...
region of the Central Interior
British Columbia Interior
The British Columbia Interior or BC Interior or Interior of British Columbia, usually referred to only as the Interior, is one of the three main regions of the Canadian province of British Columbia, the other two being the Lower Mainland, which comprises the overlapping areas of Greater Vancouver...
of the Canadian province of British Columbia
British Columbia
British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858...
. It was created when the government of the then-Colony of British Columbia
Colony of British Columbia
The Colony of British Columbia was a crown colony in British North America from 1858 until 1866. At its creation, it physically constituted approximately half the present day Canadian province of British Columbia, since it did not include the Colony of Vancouver Island, the vast and still largely...
established an Indian Reserve
Indian reserve
In Canada, an Indian reserve is specified by the Indian Act as a "tract of land, the legal title to which is vested in Her Majesty, that has been set apart by Her Majesty for the use and benefit of a band." The Act also specifies that land reserved for the use and benefit of a band which is not...
system in the 1860s.
The Pavilion people are part of both the Secwepemc
Secwepemc
The Secwepemc , known in English as the Shuswap people, are a First Nations people residing in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Their traditional territory ranges from the eastern Chilcotin Plateau and the Cariboo Plateau southeast through the Thompson Country to Kamloops and the Shuswap...
(Shuswap) and St'at'imc
St'at'imc
The St'át'imc are an Interior Salish people located in the southern Coast Mountains and Fraser Canyon region of the Interior of the Canadian province of British Columbia.St'át'imc culture displayed many features typical of Northwest Coast peoples: the...
(Lillooet) Nations, and are located at Pavilion
Pavilion, British Columbia
Pavilion is a ranching and Indian Reserve community in the Fraser Canyon area of British Columbia, Canada. Most of the community is the population of the Pavilion 1 Indian Reserve of the Pavilion Indian Band, aka the Ts'kw'aylaxw First Nation but there are also a number of ranches in the...
in the Fraser Canyon
Fraser Canyon
The Fraser Canyon is an 84 km landform of the Fraser River where it descends rapidly through narrow rock gorges in the Coast Mountains en route from the Interior Plateau of British Columbia to the Fraser Valley...
north of Lillooet
Lillooet, British Columbia
Lillooet is a community on the Fraser River in western Canada, about up the British Columbia Railway line from Vancouver. Situated at an intersection of deep gorges in the lee of the Coast Mountains, it has a dry climate- of precipitation is recorded annually at the town's weather station,...
.
The Pavilion Band is one of three Secwepemc bands that is not a member of either the Shuswap Nation Tribal Council
Shuswap Nation Tribal Council
The Shuswap Nation Tribal Council is a First Nations Tribal Council in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Based in the Thompson and Shuswap Districts of the Central Interior, although including one band on the upper Columbia River in the East Kootenay region...
or the Northern Shuswap Tribal Council
Northern Shuswap Tribal Council
The Northern Shuswap Tribal Council, also called the Cariboo Tribal Council, is a First Nations government in the Canadian province of British Columbia...
. The Pavilion people are also partly Sťáťimc (Lillooet) and belong to the Lillooet Tribal Council
Lillooet Tribal Council
The Lillooet Tribal Council is the official English name of the largest tribal council of what is also known as the St'at'imc Nation, though not including all governments of St'at'imc peoples - the term St'at'imc Nation has another context of all St'at'imc peoples, not just those within this tribal...
(St'at'imc Nation).
In the St'at'imcets language, Pavilion is called Ts'kw'aylacw or Ts'kw'aylaxw ("frost") (Pavilion is at a high elevation and much of the community is in shade for most of the day in winter, leading to frozen ground). The same name in the Secwepmectsin
Shuswap language
The Shuswap language, known to its speakers as Secwepemctsín , is the traditional language of the Shuswap people of British Columbia. An endangered language, Shuswap is spoken mainly in the Central and Southern interior of British Columbia between the Fraser River and the Rocky Mountains...
is Tsk'wéylecw. The people themselves are called the Tsk'waylacw'mc
Tsk'weylecw'mc
The Tsk'weylecw'mc or Tsk'waylaxw'mx are a First Nations people in the Central Fraser Canyon area of the Canadian province of British Columbia...
in St'at'imcets, or Tsk'weylecw'mc
Tsk'weylecw'mc
The Tsk'weylecw'mc or Tsk'waylaxw'mx are a First Nations people in the Central Fraser Canyon area of the Canadian province of British Columbia...
in Secwepmectsin.
Reserves
Indian Reserves assigned to and administered by the Pavilion Band are:- Leon Creek Indian Reserve No. 2, 472.50 ha., at the junction of Leon Creek with the Fraser RiverFraser RiverThe Fraser River is the longest river within British Columbia, Canada, rising at Fraser Pass near Mount Robson in the Rocky Mountains and flowing for , into the Strait of Georgia at the city of Vancouver. It is the tenth longest river in Canada...
- Leon Creek Indian Reserve No 2A, 176.40 ha., adjoining Leon Creek IR No. 2 to the south and west.
- Marble Canyon Indian Reserve No. 3Marble Canyon 3Marble Canyon 3, properly and most commonly referred to as Marble Canyon Indian Reserve No. 3, is an Indian Reserve of the Ts’kw’aylaxw First Nation , located at the southeast end of Marble Canyon, adjacent to BC Highway 99 just northwest of the Upper Hat Creek junction, which is about midway...
, 263.10 ha., on the Lillooet-Cache Creek highway (99) at the southeast end of Marble CanyonMarble Canyon (British Columbia)Marble Canyon is a small canyon in the south-central Interior of British Columbia, Canada a few kilometres east of the Fraser River and the community of Pavilion, British Columbia, approximately midway between the towns of Lillooet and Cache Creek. A collapsed karst formation, the canyon's name... - Pavilion Indian Reserve No. 1. 881.20 ha., at (and forming a large part of) the community of PavilionPavilion, British ColumbiaPavilion is a ranching and Indian Reserve community in the Fraser Canyon area of British Columbia, Canada. Most of the community is the population of the Pavilion 1 Indian Reserve of the Pavilion Indian Band, aka the Ts'kw'aylaxw First Nation but there are also a number of ranches in the...
- Pavilion Indian Reserve No. 1A, 16.20 ha., one mile up McKay CreekMcKay CreekMcKay Creek is a meltwater stream, 250 m long, heading on Suess Glacier west-southwest of the west end of Lake Chad at about 100 m elevation and flowing east-northeast into Lake Chad in Taylor Valley, Victoria Land. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 1996 after...
on the opposite (west side) of the Fraser River from Pavilion - Pavilion Indian Reserve No. 3, 245.20 ha., north of and adjoining Marble Canyon IR No. 3
- Pavilion Indian Reserve No. 4, 45.30 ha., adjoining Marble Canyon IR No. 3
- Ts'kw'alaxw Indian Reserve No. 5, 16.10 ha.. 20 km southeast of Lillooet.