Panzer 68
Encyclopedia
The Panzer 68 was a Swiss main battle tank
developed by the 'Eidgenössische Konstruktionswerkstätte Thun
' in the late 1960s.
whose initial development dates back to 1951. The development started immediately after the successful introduction of the Panzer 61. Improvements consisted of wider tracks, stabilized gun, and the introduction of a second machine gun instead of the coaxial 20mm gun of early Panzer 61 models.
In 1968, hence the name, the Swiss parliament decided to buy 170 vehicles. Deliveries of the Panzer 68 started in 1971. In 1977 a second batch was manufactured. In the years between 1978 and 1983, a third and fourth batch followed. The last two lots were called either AA3 and AA4 or Panzer 68/75. The most important change was the introduction of a bigger turret.
The Austrian army showed some interest in the Panzer 68 in the late 70s, but decided not to buy the model when the deficiencies of the system became public.
In 1992 the Panzer 68 underwent one more modernization program which introduced a new fire control system which was on a par with the system used in the new Panzer 87 (license-built Leopard 2
) This new, improved version was called Panzer 68/88. Despite the improvements in the Panzer 68/88, the model was relegated to secondary tasks after the arrival of the Panzer 87. All Panzer 68 models were retired in the early years of the new millennium. The responsible authorities tried to sell some 200 to the army of Thailand, but the deal never went through and therefore, the remaining vehicles were demilitarized and sold for scrap in 2005.
Some Panzer 68 can still be seen in military museums around the world.
. In this article, the then chief of armoured forces of the Swiss army came to the conclusion that the Panzer 68 was 'not fit for combat'. A group of experts that was commissioned to produce a report in this matter listed dozens of technical problems. Among others, the NBC protection was found to be insufficient, forcing the crews to wear protective masks inside their tanks, thus greatly reducing the crew's performance. The experts also found out that the gearbox did not allow for shifting into reverse while the vehicle was moving, forcing the crew to stop the tank before reversing. To make things even worse, the radios used in the tank tended to interfere with the turret control system resulting in uncontrolled turret movements whenever the radios were used at full power.
A year before the 'Weltwoche' article, another very dangerous fault was found. Switching on the heating system could lead to the main gun firing the round in the gun! This problem was caused by the fact that some systems shared the same electrical circuits. Luck would have it that this problem never led to any accidents. In a sarcastic headline the 'Blick
', a Swiss tabloid, commented: 'The Panzer 68 is much more dangerous than it seems!'
Most of the mentioned problems were resolved with the upgrade to the 68/88 model.
AA turret, only one prototype built.)
Brückenlegepanzer 68 (Panzer 68 hull with a bridging element)
Panzerartilleriekanone 68 (Panzer 68 hull with a large caliber artillery gun turret, only one prototype built.)
Main battle tank
A main battle tank , also known as a battle tank or universal tank, is a tank that fills the heavy direct fire role of many modern armies. They were originally conceived to replace the light, medium, heavy and super-heavy tanks. Development was spurred onwards in the Cold War with the development...
developed by the 'Eidgenössische Konstruktionswerkstätte Thun
Thun
Thun is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland with about 42,136 inhabitants , as of 1 January 2006....
' in the late 1960s.
History
The Panzer 68 was based on the Panzer 61Panzer 61
The Panzer 61 was a Swiss Cold War era medium tank. The tank had a weight of 36.5 tons and was powered by a 630hp diesel engine which gave it a top road speed of 31 mph...
whose initial development dates back to 1951. The development started immediately after the successful introduction of the Panzer 61. Improvements consisted of wider tracks, stabilized gun, and the introduction of a second machine gun instead of the coaxial 20mm gun of early Panzer 61 models.
In 1968, hence the name, the Swiss parliament decided to buy 170 vehicles. Deliveries of the Panzer 68 started in 1971. In 1977 a second batch was manufactured. In the years between 1978 and 1983, a third and fourth batch followed. The last two lots were called either AA3 and AA4 or Panzer 68/75. The most important change was the introduction of a bigger turret.
The Austrian army showed some interest in the Panzer 68 in the late 70s, but decided not to buy the model when the deficiencies of the system became public.
In 1992 the Panzer 68 underwent one more modernization program which introduced a new fire control system which was on a par with the system used in the new Panzer 87 (license-built Leopard 2
Leopard 2
The Leopard 2 is a main battle tank developed by Krauss-Maffei in the early 1970s for the West German Army. The tank first entered service in 1979 and succeeded the earlier Leopard 1 as the main battle tank of the German Army. Various versions have served in the armed forces of Germany and twelve...
) This new, improved version was called Panzer 68/88. Despite the improvements in the Panzer 68/88, the model was relegated to secondary tasks after the arrival of the Panzer 87. All Panzer 68 models were retired in the early years of the new millennium. The responsible authorities tried to sell some 200 to the army of Thailand, but the deal never went through and therefore, the remaining vehicles were demilitarized and sold for scrap in 2005.
Some Panzer 68 can still be seen in military museums around the world.
Technical Problems
During the summer of 1979, the 'Weltwoche', then a highly regarded Swiss weekly, published an article regarding the shortcomings of the Panzer 68 that led to a scandal and, allegedly, to the resignation of the minister of defence, Rudolf GnägiRudolf Gnägi
Rudolf Gnägi was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council ....
. In this article, the then chief of armoured forces of the Swiss army came to the conclusion that the Panzer 68 was 'not fit for combat'. A group of experts that was commissioned to produce a report in this matter listed dozens of technical problems. Among others, the NBC protection was found to be insufficient, forcing the crews to wear protective masks inside their tanks, thus greatly reducing the crew's performance. The experts also found out that the gearbox did not allow for shifting into reverse while the vehicle was moving, forcing the crew to stop the tank before reversing. To make things even worse, the radios used in the tank tended to interfere with the turret control system resulting in uncontrolled turret movements whenever the radios were used at full power.
A year before the 'Weltwoche' article, another very dangerous fault was found. Switching on the heating system could lead to the main gun firing the round in the gun! This problem was caused by the fact that some systems shared the same electrical circuits. Luck would have it that this problem never led to any accidents. In a sarcastic headline the 'Blick
Blick
Blick is a German-language daily tabloid newspaper published in Zürich, Switzerland since 1959 by Ringier.It has a circulation of 275,000 and a readership of 750,000 . Only the free daily 20 Minuten has a higher circulation in Switzerland....
', a Swiss tabloid, commented: 'The Panzer 68 is much more dangerous than it seems!'
Most of the mentioned problems were resolved with the upgrade to the 68/88 model.
Vehicles Based on The Panzer 68
Flak Panzer 68 (Panzer 68 hull with GepardFlugabwehrkanonenpanzer Gepard
The Flugabwehrkanonenpanzer Gepard is an autonomous, all-weather-capable German self-propelled anti-aircraft gun . It was developed in the 1960s and fielded in the 1970s, and has been upgraded several times with the latest electronics...
AA turret, only one prototype built.)
Brückenlegepanzer 68 (Panzer 68 hull with a bridging element)
Panzerartilleriekanone 68 (Panzer 68 hull with a large caliber artillery gun turret, only one prototype built.)