Non-tropic hormone
Encyclopedia
Non-tropic hormones are hormones that directly stimulate target cells to induce effects. This differs from the tropic hormones
, which act on another endocrine gland.
Most endocrine glands, such as the gonad
s, pancreas
, and adrenal gland
s, produce non-tropic hormones. Those released from the pituitary gland
in the brain include:
Tropic hormone
Tropic hormones are hormones that have other endocrine glands as their target. Most tropic hormones are produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary...
, which act on another endocrine gland.
Most endocrine glands, such as the gonad
Gonad
The gonad is the organ that makes gametes. The gonads in males are the testes and the gonads in females are the ovaries. The product, gametes, are haploid germ cells. For example, spermatozoon and egg cells are gametes...
s, pancreas
Pancreas
The pancreas is a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, as well as a digestive organ, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that assist...
, and adrenal gland
Adrenal gland
In mammals, the adrenal glands are endocrine glands that sit atop the kidneys; in humans, the right suprarenal gland is triangular shaped, while the left suprarenal gland is semilunar shaped...
s, produce non-tropic hormones. Those released from the pituitary gland
Pituitary gland
In vertebrate anatomy the pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing 0.5 g , in humans. It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain, and rests in a small, bony cavity covered by a dural fold...
in the brain include:
- OxytocinOxytocinOxytocin is a mammalian hormone that acts primarily as a neuromodulator in the brain.Oxytocin is best known for its roles in sexual reproduction, in particular during and after childbirth...
(posterior lobe)- stimulates milk letdown in females. - ProlactinProlactinProlactin also known as luteotropic hormone is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRL gene.Prolactin is a peptide hormone discovered by Henry Friesen...
(PRL) (anterior lobe) - is remarkable for the diversity of its effects among vertebrate species. The varied roles suggest that prolactin is an ancient hormone with functions that have diversified during the evolution of vertebrate groups. - Melanocyte-stimulating hormoneMelanocyte-stimulating hormoneThe melanocyte-stimulating hormones are a class of peptide hormones that are produced by cells in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland...
(MSH) (intermediate lobe) - regulates the activity of pigment-containing cells in the skins of some amphibians. In mammals, MSH act on neurons in the brain, inhibiting hunger. - Growth hormoneGrowth hormoneGrowth hormone is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction and regeneration in humans and other animals. Growth hormone is a 191-amino acid, single-chain polypeptide that is synthesized, stored, and secreted by the somatotroph cells within the lateral wings of the anterior...
(GH)—primary stress hormone