Nelarabine is a
chemotherapyChemotherapy, in its most general sense, is the treatment of disease by chemicals especially by killing micro-organisms or cancerous cells. In popular usage, it refers to antineoplastic drugs used to treat cancer or the combination of these drugs into a cytotoxic standardized treatment regimen...
drug used in
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemiaT-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia can refer to:* Precursor T acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma* Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma...
. It was previously known as 506U78.
Nelarabine is a
purineA purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. Purines, including substituted purines and their tautomers, are the most widely distributed kind of nitrogen-containing heterocycle in nature....
nucleosideNucleosides are glycosylamines consisting of a nucleobase bound to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar. Examples of these include cytidine, uridine, adenosine, guanosine, thymidine and inosine....
analog converted to its corresponding arabinosylguanine nucleotide triphosphate (araGTP), resulting in inhibition of
DNA synthesisDNA synthesis commonly refers to:*DNA replication - DNA biosynthesis *Polymerase chain reaction - enzymatic DNA synthesis *Oligonucleotide synthesis - chemical synthesis of nucleic acids...
and cytotoxicity. Pre-clinical studies suggest that T-cells are particularly sensitive to nelarabine. In October 2005, it was approved by the FDA for T-cell
acute lymphoblastic leukemiaAcute lymphoblastic leukemia , is a form of leukemia, or cancer of the white blood cells characterized by excess lymphoblasts.Malignant, immature white blood cells continuously multiply and are overproduced in the bone marrow. ALL causes damage and death by crowding out normal cells in the bone...
and T-cell
lymphoblastic lymphomaLymphoblastic lymphoma is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, a result of abnormal adaptive immune cells, typically T-cells. It usually occurs in children....
that has not responded to or has relapsed following treatment with at least two chemotherapy regimens.
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Nelarabine is a
chemotherapyChemotherapy, in its most general sense, is the treatment of disease by chemicals especially by killing micro-organisms or cancerous cells. In popular usage, it refers to antineoplastic drugs used to treat cancer or the combination of these drugs into a cytotoxic standardized treatment regimen...
drug used in
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemiaT-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia can refer to:* Precursor T acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma* Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma...
. It was previously known as 506U78.
Nelarabine is a
purineA purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. Purines, including substituted purines and their tautomers, are the most widely distributed kind of nitrogen-containing heterocycle in nature....
nucleosideNucleosides are glycosylamines consisting of a nucleobase bound to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar. Examples of these include cytidine, uridine, adenosine, guanosine, thymidine and inosine....
analog converted to its corresponding arabinosylguanine nucleotide triphosphate (araGTP), resulting in inhibition of
DNA synthesisDNA synthesis commonly refers to:*DNA replication - DNA biosynthesis *Polymerase chain reaction - enzymatic DNA synthesis *Oligonucleotide synthesis - chemical synthesis of nucleic acids...
and cytotoxicity. Pre-clinical studies suggest that T-cells are particularly sensitive to nelarabine. In October 2005, it was approved by the FDA for T-cell
acute lymphoblastic leukemiaAcute lymphoblastic leukemia , is a form of leukemia, or cancer of the white blood cells characterized by excess lymphoblasts.Malignant, immature white blood cells continuously multiply and are overproduced in the bone marrow. ALL causes damage and death by crowding out normal cells in the bone...
and T-cell
lymphoblastic lymphomaLymphoblastic lymphoma is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, a result of abnormal adaptive immune cells, typically T-cells. It usually occurs in children....
that has not responded to or has relapsed following treatment with at least two chemotherapy regimens. It was later approved in the
European UnionThe European Union is an economic and political union of 27 Member States, located primarily in Europe. Committed to regional integration, the EU was established by the Treaty of Maastricht on 1 November 1993 upon the foundations of the pre-existing European Economic Community...
on August 22, 2007. Complete responses have been achieved with this medication.
It is marketed in the US as
Arranon and as
Atriance in the EU by
GlaxoSmithKline GlaxoSmithKline plc is a United Kingdom-based pharmaceutical, biological, and healthcare company. GSK is the world's second largest pharmaceutical company and a research-based company with a wide portfolio of pharmaceutical products covering anti-infectives, central nervous system, respiratory,...
.
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