MÁV Class 411
Encyclopedia
The MÁV Class 411 was a class of steam locomotives used by Hungarian railways.
there was a severe shortage on locomotives in Hungary, as the MÁV
stock was partly destroyed in war actions or taken away by the German troops to Germany and to Austrian territory. The US Government offered Hungary a $150 million commodity loan and a part of this was used to purchase 510 pieces of the USATC S160 Class
steam locomotives, for $10,000 each. The negotiations started in 1946, the first engines arrived in May 1947. The origin of the Hungarian S160s was as follows:
In their delivery state 425 locomotives were set up as coal burners while 85 engines as oil burners, changing the fuel was always possible.
The locomotives were classified due to their four driven axles and an axle load higher than 14.3 metric tons as MÁV Class 411. The Hungarian series numbering followed neither the manufacturer's name or number, nor the production date, but the arrival date in Hungary. The poorest quality 28 engines got no MÁV numbers, these were preserved as component sources for later repairs. MÁV immediately performed tests to find out load characteristics, loading and breaking tables were created. By January 1948 405 locomotives were already prepared for service.
Class 411 locomotives hauled mainly medium size freight trains, occasionally passenger stop trains. They were considered as reliable and handsome engines with considerable reserves.
The 411,144 was sold in 1992 for the Milton-Keynes Locomotion & Navigation (GB), and is now preserved at the Churnet Valley Railway
. 411,388 was sold to the East Lancashire Railway
in the same year.
History
After World War IIWorld War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
there was a severe shortage on locomotives in Hungary, as the MÁV
MAV
The acronym/initialism MAV may have several meanings, including:*Mathematical Association of Victoria of Victoria, Australia*Municipal Association of Victoria of Victoria, Australia*Micro air vehicle, a type of remotely controlled unmanned aerial vehicle...
stock was partly destroyed in war actions or taken away by the German troops to Germany and to Austrian territory. The US Government offered Hungary a $150 million commodity loan and a part of this was used to purchase 510 pieces of the USATC S160 Class
USATC S160 Class
The United States Army Transportation Corps S160 Class is a class of 2-8-0 Consolidation steam locomotive designed for use in Europe during World War II for heavy freight work...
steam locomotives, for $10,000 each. The negotiations started in 1946, the first engines arrived in May 1947. The origin of the Hungarian S160s was as follows:
- ALCO - 159 pc.
- BaldwinBaldwin Locomotive WorksThe Baldwin Locomotive Works was an American builder of railroad locomotives. It was located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, originally, and later in nearby Eddystone, Pennsylvania. Although the company was very successful as a producer of steam locomotives, its transition to the production of...
- 148 pc. - LimaLima Locomotive WorksLima Locomotive Works was an American firm that manufactured railroad locomotives from the 1870s through the 1950s. The company took the most distinctive part of its name from its main shops location in Lima, Ohio. The shops were located between the Baltimore & Ohio's Cincinnati-Toledo main line...
- 203 pc.
In their delivery state 425 locomotives were set up as coal burners while 85 engines as oil burners, changing the fuel was always possible.
The locomotives were classified due to their four driven axles and an axle load higher than 14.3 metric tons as MÁV Class 411. The Hungarian series numbering followed neither the manufacturer's name or number, nor the production date, but the arrival date in Hungary. The poorest quality 28 engines got no MÁV numbers, these were preserved as component sources for later repairs. MÁV immediately performed tests to find out load characteristics, loading and breaking tables were created. By January 1948 405 locomotives were already prepared for service.
Modifications
Unlike many other European users of the S160 locomotives MÁV considered these engines as a medium-term solution and decided to change many details on them. These changes were performed during a longer period, up to the 1960s. The most important and well visible changes were the following ones:- Lifting the cab roof height by 30 cm by welding a horizontal steel strip into cab side and front. This was necessary as the Class S160 engines were designed to negotiate the low British clearances and were very low-pitched for usual personnel.
- Replacing the square front windows and the left side front door by standard oval windows.
- Adding a protection cover for the turret on the longboiler top in front of the cab.
- Moving the air pump from the smokebox front to the smokebox left side.
- Increasing the stack height
- Replacing the steam engine break by air break
- Adding train heating hose and coupling
- Lifting the tender coal bunker bottom height
- Replacing the American whistle by a MÁV standard one
Class 411 locomotives hauled mainly medium size freight trains, occasionally passenger stop trains. They were considered as reliable and handsome engines with considerable reserves.
Withdrawal
Their withdrawal started in 1965 and continued by scrapping 15-30 locomotives every year. In 1980 only 6 pieces remained; they were withdrawn in the following three years. According to preservation lists, three Class 411 machines are preserved in Hungary:- 411,118 - Hungarian Railway MuseumHungarian Railway MuseumThe Hungarian Railway Museum is a railway museum located in Budapest, Hungary at a depot of the Hungarian State Railways...
, BudapestBudapestBudapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2011, Budapest had 1,733,685 inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2,113,645 due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter...
, operational but no boiler license - 411,264 - HatvanHatvanHatvan is a town in Heves county, Hungary. Hatvan is the Hungarian word for "sixty". Hatvan is located at around ....
RR. station, plinthed - 411,358 - HegyeshalomHegyeshalomHegyeshalom is a village of approximately 3600 inhabitants in the Győr-Moson-Sopron county of Hungary, on the border with Austria and less than 15 km from the border with Slovakia.- History :...
station, plinthed
The 411,144 was sold in 1992 for the Milton-Keynes Locomotion & Navigation (GB), and is now preserved at the Churnet Valley Railway
Churnet Valley Railway
The Churnet Valley Railway is a standard gauge heritage railway to the east of Stoke-on-Trent in Staffordshire. The CVR has two main operational headquarters - Cheddleton station, where the motive power department is based and where the first trains ran, and Kingsley and Froghall station, where...
. 411,388 was sold to the East Lancashire Railway
East Lancashire Railway
The East Lancashire Railway is a heritage railway in Lancashire and Greater Manchester, England.-Overview:After formal closure by British Rail in 1982, the line was reopened on 25 July 1987. The initial service operated between Bury and Ramsbottom, via Summerseat. In 1991 the service was extended...
in the same year.