The
Multistate Anti-Terrorism Information Exchange Program, also known by the acronym "MATRIX", was a federally funded data mining system originally developed for the
Florida Department of Law EnforcementThe Florida Department of Law Enforcement is a Florida government agency. The department is charged with overseeing state law enforcement agencies....
described as a tool to identify terrorist subjects.
The system was reported to analyze government and commercial databases to find associations between suspects or to discover locations of or completely new "suspects". The database and technologies used in the system were housed by Seisint, a Florida-based company since acquired by Lexis Nexis.
The Matrix program was shut down in June 2005 after federal funding was cut in the wake of public concerns over privacy and state surveillance.
History
Matrix was the brain child of
Hank AsherHank Asher is a businessman with a reported fortune of around US$500 million earned as the founder of several data mining companies that compile personal information about individuals from different electronic databases....
a serial businessman in the data aggregation field. Asher reportedly contacted Florida police immediately after the September 11 terrorist attacks claiming he could find the hijackers as well as other potential terrorists. . Asher reportedly offered to make available the database and technology that could do the job quickly, for free, supplied by the company he owned and operated, Seisint.
Control of the system was handed over to law enforcement officials, although Seisint continued to house and operate it on their behalf. After a demonstration of the system at the White House in January 2003 Matrix received US$4 million in grants from the Justice Department and the program was earmarked US$8 million by Homeland Security.
The program snowballed, as states signed up to participate including Alabama, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Ohio and Utah. California and Texas joined then exited the program citing privacy and security concerns. The federal government and the CIA was cited as likely future users.
The program's similarity to the
Total Information AwarenessThe Information Awareness Office was established by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency in January 2002 to bring together several DARPA projects focused on applying information technology to counter asymmetric threats to national security...
(TIA) federally funded initiative that was terminated following public concerns contributed to Matrix's demise. Matrix came under scrutiny by the
American Civil Liberties UnionThe American Civil Liberties Union consists of two separate non-profit organizations: the ACLU Foundation, a 501 organization which focuses on litigation and communication efforts, and the American Civil Liberties Union, a 501 organization which focuses on legislative lobbying...
(ACLU) which made Freedom of Information Act requests in Florida, where the program originated, and to the federal government on 30 October 2003. The ACLU followed this up with simultaneous information requests in Connecticut, Michigan, New York, Ohio and Pennsylvania for information about those states' participation in Matrix.
The ACLU's requests sought to find out the information sources that Matrix was drawing upon, who had access to the database and how it is being used. As well as the funding and operational described here, the ACLU's requests revealed that the Matrix would perform an almost identical function to the banned TIA. Matrix would bind together government and commercial databases to allow federal and state law enforcement entities to conduct detailed searches on individuals.
Public revelation of the projects funding caused an uproar in the media and states began withdrawing their support. The Matrix program was finally shut down in June 2005 after federal funding was cut in the wake of public concerns over privacy and state surveillance.
Seisint retained the technology used to operate Matrix. Both Seisint and its Matrix technology are now owned by Lexis Nexis
Function
The Matrix website stated that the data would include criminal histories, driver's license data, vehicle registration records, and public data record entries. Other data was thought to include credit histories, driver's license photographs, marriage and divorce records, social security numbers, dates of birth, and the names and addresses of family members, neighbors and business associates. The ACLU pointed out that the type of data that the Matrix compiles could be expanded to include information in commercial databases encompasses such as purchasing habits, magazine subscriptions, income and job histories.
Matrix would combine these government records and information from commercial databases in a
data warehouseData warehouse is a repository of an organization's electronically stored data. Data warehouses are designed to facilitate reporting and analysis....
. Dossiers would be reviewed by specialized software to identify anomalies using 'mathematical analysis.' When anomalies are spotted, they would be scrutinized by personnel who would search for evidence of terrorism or other crimes.
Like the TIA, Matrix would use
data miningData mining is the process of extracting patterns from data. As more data are gathered, with the amount of data doubling every three years, data mining is becoming an increasingly important tool to transform these data into information...
where searches for patterns in this data (including the 'anomalies') would be used to identify individuals possibly involved in
terroristTerrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion.At present, there is no internationally agreed definition of terrorism...
or other criminal activity. Congressional critic Paula B. Dockery pointed out that like the TIA, this kind of 'data mining' may be ineffective, and have severe downsides, including its privacy costs.
Data from Matrix would be transferred through the Regional Information Sharing Systems network , an existing secure law enforcement network used to transmit sensitive information among law enforcement agencies. The network was linked to High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas, United States Attorneys' Offices, other federal agencies and several state law enforcement systems..
See also
- Computer Assisted Passenger PreScreening System II
The Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System was a program of the United States Department of Homeland Security instituted to increase security at airports by assessing the risk level of passengers before they're allowed to board...
- Foreign Terrorist Tracking Task Force
- USA PATRIOT Act
The USA PATRIOT Act, commonly known as the "Patriot Act", is a statute enacted by the United States Government that President George W. Bush signed into law on October 26, 2001...
- Terrorist Screening Center
The Terrorist Screening Center is an FBI organization for identifying suspected or potential terrorists.It maintains a database, the Terrorist Screening Database , the aim of which is to contain information about all known or suspected terrorists, and makes this information available to a number of...
- Terrorist Threat Integration System
- Total Information Awareness
The Information Awareness Office was established by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency in January 2002 to bring together several DARPA projects focused on applying information technology to counter asymmetric threats to national security...
- Mass surveillance
Mass surveillance is the pervasive surveillance of an entire population, or a substantial fraction thereof.Modern governments today commonly perform mass surveillance of their citizens, explaining that they believe that it is necessary to protect them from dangerous groups such as terrorists,...
- Traffic Violations Reciprocity
Under traffic violations reciprocity agreements, non-resident drivers are treated like residents when they are stopped for a traffic offense that occurs in another jurisdiction. They also ensure that punishments such as "points" on one's license and the ensuring increase in insurance premiums...
and Driver License AgreementIn the USA, the Driver License Agreement is a new interstate compact written by the Joint Executive Board of the Driver License Compact and the Non-Resident Violator Compact with staff support provided by the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators...
External links
- MATRIX web site, Institute for Intergovernmental Research. Contact: R. Clay Jesterhttp://www.iir.com/matrix/contacts.htm. Program Contacts.
- ACLU Links to TIA information, FOIA requests, and news clips on the "Matrix" program.
- The MATRIX: Total Information Awareness Reloaded (438 KB pdf download), ACLU, 30 October 2003.
- When maverick cyber-pioneer Hank Asher invented MATRIX, Vanity Fair 050131: "When maverick cyber-pioneer Hank Asher invented MATRIX—a controversial personal-information database—he gave the government a powerful tool for tracking terrorists. So why isn't he a hero?."
- Global Intelligence Working Group Connectivity/Systems Committee, Meeting Summary, 28 January 2003 includes discussion of the Matrix.
- Scroll down to "Steve G. Hodges, National Issues Coordinator, Regional Information Sharing System (RISS)" where you will find mention of MATRIX in December 2002.
- Florida hires firm founded by man implicated in drug-smuggling to fight terror, CNews.canoe.ca: "Hank Asher is founder of Seisint, Inc., an information-technology company with a $1.6-million contract with the Florida Department of Law Enforcement to work on a pilot program for the Matrix network, through which sensitive information on terrorism and other crime suspects would be exchanged."
- State contracts with company founded by man linked to smuggling (cache file), AP, 3 August 2003.
- Robert O'Harrow, Jr.
Robert O'Harrow, Jr. is the author of No Place to Hide: Behind the Scenes of Our Emerging Surveillance Society , a book which details the growing introduction of surveillance by the United States government inspired by and in part through private companies....
, U.S. Backs Florida's New Counterterrorism Database. 'Matrix' Offers Law Agencies Faster Access to Americans' Personal Records, WashingtonPost, 5 August 2003.
- Robert O'Harrow, Jr., US Backs Florida's New Counterterrorism Database. 'Matrix' Offers Law Agencies Faster Access to Americans' Personal Records, Washington Post, 6 August 2003.
- Enter the Matrix in the War Against Terror, Spartacus, 6 August 2003.
- Florida Creates 'the Matrix', a Big Brother-Like Surveillance System with Help From Choicepoint-Related Firm, Democracy Now, 7 August 2003.
- Lucy Morgan, Troubled Business May Lose Contract with State, St. Petersburg Times, 13 August 2003.
- Matrix Database May Substitute For Total Information Awareness Project, FuturePundit.com, 14 August 2003: "The database is being developed by a company called Seisint which already markets a commercial database service called Accurint which is a database service for locating people and past and present addresses."
- Man Implicated As Ex-Smuggler Quits Job, AP, 29 August 2003.
- States build anti-terror database. Project resembles federal database thwarted by privacy fears, AP, 23 September 2003.
- Jim Krane, U.S. funding privately run database intended for tracking terrorists, AP, 24 September 2003: "Dubbed Matrix, the database has been in use for a year and a half in Florida, where police praise the crime-fighting tool as nimble and exhaustive. It cross-references the state's driving records and restricted police files with billions of pieces of public and private data, including credit and property records. ... Privacy advocates, officials in two states and a competing data vendor have branded Matrix as playing fast and loose with Americans' private details. ... They complain that Matrix houses restricted police and government files on colossal databases that sit in the offices of Seisint Inc., a Boca Raton, Fla., company founded by a millionaire whom police say flew planeloads of drugs into the country in the early 1980s."
- Thomas C. Greene, A back door to Poindexter's Orwellian dream, TheRegister, 24 September 2003: "The company profiting from this data bonanza, Florida outfit Seisint Inc., is run by a gentleman implicated two decades ago in a drug smuggling ring, according to the Associated Press. This certainly qualifies him as an appropriate understudy to Poindexter."
- Carl Hulse, Poindexter's Office Closed: Department Tried Terrorism Futures, San Francisco Chronicle, 26 September 2003.
- Total/Terrorism Information Awareness (TIA): Is It Truly Dead?. Electronic Frontier Foundation
The Electronic Frontier Foundation is an international non-profit advocacy and legal organization based in the United States with the stated purpose of being dedicated to preserving the right to freedom of speech, such as protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, in the...
: "It's Too Early to Tell"; 3 October 2003.
- Courtesy of PRWatch at GuerrillaNews.com, 3 October 2003: "'Qorvis Communications is representing Seisint Inc., the Boca Raton-based database company, that is home to the Matrix -- Multistate Anti-Terrorism Information Exchange -- which has privacy advocates on edge,' O'Dwyer's PR Reports."
- Counterterrorism Database Could Threaten Privacy, OMBWatch.org, 8 October 2003.
- Ashlee Vance, "Georgia runs from the MATRIX", Register/UK, 22 October 2003: "The state of Georgia has pulled out of the U.S. Department of Justice sponsored MATRIX information collection program, leaving data only on its felons and sexual offenders behind in the Orwellian database. ... The list of states willing to participate in the MATRIX project is dwindling. Kentucky, Oregon and South Carolina pulled out earlier this year. Georgia's exit leaves the Party with Alabama, Connecticut, Florida, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Utah as guinea pigs. ... The handy life-tracking database idea should sound familiar. DARPA tried to get some backing for its Total Information Awareness (TIA) program before being shut down by Congress. It seems, however, that was bit a mini-bump in the road. Along with TIA and MATRIX, we have NIMD (Novel Intelligence from Massive Data); CAPPS (Computer Assisted Passenger Pre-Screening System); HID (Human Identification at a Distance), [and] ARM (Activity Recognition Monitoring)."
- State May Link Its Databases With Anti-Terrorism MATRIX Project, 25 October 2003. (CT)
- State not rushing to link databases to interstate anti-terrorism program, 25 October 2003. (OH)
- October,0,6278662.story?coll=hc-headlines-local-wire ACLU seeks records to anti-terrorism program, AP, 30 October 2003.
- Nancy Kravich, A Blip in the MATRIX, AlterNet, 8 November 2003.
- 2 February 2004: Utah unplugs; 2 articles: http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,590039368,00.html, http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,590039724,00.html