Mir-199 microRNA precursor
Encyclopedia
The miR-199 microRNA precursor (homologous
to miR-215), is a short non-coding RNA
gene involved in gene regulation.
miR-192 and miR-215 have now been predicted or experimentally confirmed in mouse, human and a further 21 other species.
(MIPF0000040).
microRNAs are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide
precursors and subsequently processed by the Dicer
enzyme to give
a ~22 nucleotide product. The mature products are thought to have
regulatory roles through complementarity to mRNA.
proto-oncogene.
MicroRNA hsa-miR-199a is a regulator of IκB kinase-β (IKKβ) expression.
real-time quantitative PCR array methods, miRNA expression has been profiled. miR-199a, one of the most significantly overexpressed in invasive squamous cell carcinomas
(ISCCs), was evaluated by transfecting cervical cancer cells (SiHa and ME-180) with anti-miR-199a oligonucleotides and the cell viability assessed.
mirR-199a*, mir199a and mirR-199b were significantly overexpressed in ISCCs.
Comparative miRNA array led to the isolation of several Bone Morphogenic Protein 2
(BMP2)-responsive miRNAs. Among them, miR-199a* is of particular interest, because it was reported to be specifically expressed in the skeletal system.
is a common medical consequence of chronic alcohol abuse. Activation of hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) is an indicator of hypoxia
. Endothelin-1
(ET-1) is a protein that constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure. It has been shown that ethanol-induced miR-199 down-regulation may contribute to augmented HIF-1α and ET-1 expression.
Homology (biology)
Homology forms the basis of organization for comparative biology. In 1843, Richard Owen defined homology as "the same organ in different animals under every variety of form and function". Organs as different as a bat's wing, a seal's flipper, a cat's paw and a human hand have a common underlying...
to miR-215), is a short non-coding RNA
Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. Less-frequently used synonyms are non-protein-coding RNA , non-messenger RNA and functional RNA . The term small RNA is often used for short bacterial ncRNAs...
gene involved in gene regulation.
miR-192 and miR-215 have now been predicted or experimentally confirmed in mouse, human and a further 21 other species.
(MIPF0000040).
microRNAs are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide
Nucleotide
Nucleotides are molecules that, when joined together, make up the structural units of RNA and DNA. In addition, nucleotides participate in cellular signaling , and are incorporated into important cofactors of enzymatic reactions...
precursors and subsequently processed by the Dicer
Dicer
Dicer is an endoribonuclease in the RNase III family that cleaves double-stranded RNA and pre-microRNA into short double-stranded RNA fragments called small interfering RNA about 20-25 nucleotides long, usually with a two-base overhang on the 3' end...
enzyme to give
a ~22 nucleotide product. The mature products are thought to have
regulatory roles through complementarity to mRNA.
Targets of miR-199
Using microarray and immunoblotting analyses it has been shown that miR-199a* targets the MetC-MET
c-Met is a proto-oncogene that encodes a protein known as hepatocyte growth factor receptor . The hepatocyte growth factor receptor protein possesses tyrosine-kinase activity...
proto-oncogene.
MicroRNA hsa-miR-199a is a regulator of IκB kinase-β (IKKβ) expression.
Expression patterns of miR-199
Using TaqManTaqMan
TaqMan probes are hydrolysis probes that are designed to increase the specificity of real-time PCR assays. The method was first reported in 1991 by researchers at Cetus Corporation, and the technology was subsequently developed by Roche Molecular Diagnostics for diagnostic assays and by Applied...
real-time quantitative PCR array methods, miRNA expression has been profiled. miR-199a, one of the most significantly overexpressed in invasive squamous cell carcinomas
Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma , occasionally rendered as "squamous-cell carcinoma", is a histologically distinct form of cancer. It arises from the uncontrolled multiplication of malignant cells deriving from epithelium, or showing particular cytological or tissue architectural characteristics of...
(ISCCs), was evaluated by transfecting cervical cancer cells (SiHa and ME-180) with anti-miR-199a oligonucleotides and the cell viability assessed.
mirR-199a*, mir199a and mirR-199b were significantly overexpressed in ISCCs.
Comparative miRNA array led to the isolation of several Bone Morphogenic Protein 2
Bone morphogenetic protein 2
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 or BMP-2 belongs to the TGF-β superfamily of proteins.-Function:BMP-2 like other bone morphogenetic proteins, plays an important role in the development of bone and cartilage. It is involved in the hedgehog pathway, TGF beta signaling pathway, and in cytokine-cytokine...
(BMP2)-responsive miRNAs. Among them, miR-199a* is of particular interest, because it was reported to be specifically expressed in the skeletal system.
Clinical relevance of miR-199
Alcoholic liver diseaseAlcoholic liver disease
Alcoholic liver disease is a term that encompasses the hepatic manifestations of alcohol overconsumption, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis with hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis. It is the major cause of liver disease in Western countries...
is a common medical consequence of chronic alcohol abuse. Activation of hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) is an indicator of hypoxia
Hypoxia (medical)
Hypoxia, or hypoxiation, is a pathological condition in which the body as a whole or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply. Variations in arterial oxygen concentrations can be part of the normal physiology, for example, during strenuous physical exercise...
. Endothelin-1
Endothelin
Endothelins are proteins that constrict blood vessels and raise blood pressure. They are normally kept in balance by other mechanisms, but when they are over-expressed, they contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease....
(ET-1) is a protein that constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure. It has been shown that ethanol-induced miR-199 down-regulation may contribute to augmented HIF-1α and ET-1 expression.