Michael S. Gottlieb
Encyclopedia
Michael Stuart Gottlieb is an American physician
and immunologist known predominantly for his research in the identification of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and for clinical and philanthropic work associated with AIDS treatment.
. Gottlieb attended medical school at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and trained in internal medicine
at Strong Memorial Hospital
in Rochester, New York
. Following a fellowship
in immunology
at Stanford University
in Palo Alto, California
, Gottlieb in 1981 accepted an assistant professor position at UCLA Medical Center
in Los Angeles
.
infection, pneumocystis pneumonia
, mucosal candidiasis
and Kaposi's sarcoma
, all conditions found rarely outside of immunosuppressed patients. Gottlieb reported an initial five patient series in the June 5, 1981, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
and published a larger report a few months later in the New England Journal of Medicine
. The work of Gottlieb and others strongly suggested that these patients had acquired an immunodeficiency
, particularly a depression in T-lymphocyte numbers, allowing for potentially fatal opportunistic infection
s. Initially, the researchers termed the disease Gay-Related Immune Deficiency (GRID); eventually this syndrome would become known as AIDS
, a consequence of infection by Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Physician Joel Weisman
was one of Gottlieb's most important collaborators in the identification of AIDS. Weisman's practice treated a large number of gay men, some of whom were among the first identified AIDS patients.
metropolitan area by US News & World Report and the Olympia Medical Center - San Vicente Blvd where he is Committee Chairman of Bio Ethicshttp://www.olympiamc.com/AboutUs/MedicalStaff/default.
Friction developed between the UCLA Medical Center, with their desires for revenue from cardiac and liver transplant programs, and the outspoken Gottlieb. Although he had published over 50 papers on various aspects of HIV infection and treatment, obtained one of the earliest National Institutes of Health grants for AIDS research and served on many AIDS-related boards, he still was denied tenure at UCLA and went into private practice in 1987. He was Rock Hudson
's physician when the movie star was diagnosed with AIDS during the 1980s.
Gottlieb and two private practice partners were reprimanded by the Medical Board of California
in 1989 for "allegedly over-prescribing controlled substances" to actress Elizabeth Taylor
.
Gottlieb received and responded to a warning letter in 2005 from the Food and Drug Administration
regarding errors and inconsistencies in the testing of two investigational HIV-1 treatments.
, were founding chairs of the American Foundation for AIDS Research.
Gottlieb is affiliated with the UCLA AIDS Institute and a trustee of the Global AIDS Interfaith Alliance.
Physician
A physician is a health care provider who practices the profession of medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments...
and immunologist known predominantly for his research in the identification of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and for clinical and philanthropic work associated with AIDS treatment.
Biography
Gottlieb is Jewish and was reared in New JerseyNew Jersey
New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. , its population was 8,791,894. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania and on the southwest by Delaware...
. Gottlieb attended medical school at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and trained in internal medicine
Internal medicine
Internal medicine is the medical specialty dealing with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of adult diseases. Physicians specializing in internal medicine are called internists. They are especially skilled in the management of patients who have undifferentiated or multi-system disease processes...
at Strong Memorial Hospital
Strong Memorial Hospital
Strong Memorial Hospital is a 739-bed medical facility, part of the University of Rochester Medical Center complex , in Rochester, New York. Opened in 1926, is a major provider of both in-patient and out-patient medical services....
in Rochester, New York
Rochester, New York
Rochester is a city in Monroe County, New York, south of Lake Ontario in the United States. Known as The World's Image Centre, it was also once known as The Flour City, and more recently as The Flower City...
. Following a fellowship
Fellowship (medicine)
A fellowship is the period of medical training in the United States and Canada that a physician may undertake after completing a specialty training program . During this time , the physician is known as a fellow...
in immunology
Immunology
Immunology is a broad branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. It deals with the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and diseases; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders ; the...
at Stanford University
Stanford University
The Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private research university on an campus located near Palo Alto, California. It is situated in the northwestern Santa Clara Valley on the San Francisco Peninsula, approximately northwest of San...
in Palo Alto, California
Palo Alto, California
Palo Alto is a California charter city located in the northwest corner of Santa Clara County, in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, United States. The city shares its borders with East Palo Alto, Mountain View, Los Altos, Los Altos Hills, Stanford, Portola Valley, and Menlo Park. It is...
, Gottlieb in 1981 accepted an assistant professor position at UCLA Medical Center
Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center
The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center is a hospital located on the campus of the University of California, Los Angeles in Los Angeles, California....
in Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California
Los Angeles , with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in California, USA and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of , and is located in Southern California...
.
Identification of AIDS
In the summer of 1981, Gottlieb, then thirty-three, and his colleagues identified an apparent novel immunological condition in homosexual men; the condition had common features of cytomegalovirusCytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus is a viral genus of the viral group known as Herpesviridae or herpesviruses. It is typically abbreviated as CMV: The species that infects humans is commonly known as human CMV or human herpesvirus-5 , and is the most studied of all cytomegaloviruses...
infection, pneumocystis pneumonia
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Pneumocystis pneumonia or pneumocystosis is a form of pneumonia, caused by the yeast-like fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii...
, mucosal candidiasis
Candidiasis
Thrush redirects here. For the hoof infection see Thrush .Candidiasis or thrush is a fungal infection of any of the Candida species , of which Candida albicans is the most common...
and Kaposi's sarcoma
Kaposi's sarcoma
Kaposi's sarcoma is a tumor caused by Human herpesvirus 8 , also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus . It was originally described by Moritz Kaposi , a Hungarian dermatologist practicing at the University of Vienna in 1872. It became more widely known as one of the AIDS defining...
, all conditions found rarely outside of immunosuppressed patients. Gottlieb reported an initial five patient series in the June 5, 1981, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report is a weekly epidemiological digest for the United States published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention...
and published a larger report a few months later in the New England Journal of Medicine
New England Journal of Medicine
The New England Journal of Medicine is an English-language peer-reviewed medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society. It describes itself as the oldest continuously published medical journal in the world.-History:...
. The work of Gottlieb and others strongly suggested that these patients had acquired an immunodeficiency
Immunodeficiency
Immunodeficiency is a state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely absent. Immunodeficiency may also decrease cancer immunosurveillance. Most cases of immunodeficiency are acquired but some people are born with defects in their immune system,...
, particularly a depression in T-lymphocyte numbers, allowing for potentially fatal opportunistic infection
Opportunistic infection
An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by pathogens, particularly opportunistic pathogens—those that take advantage of certain situations—such as bacterial, viral, fungal or protozoan infections that usually do not cause disease in a healthy host, one with a healthy immune system...
s. Initially, the researchers termed the disease Gay-Related Immune Deficiency (GRID); eventually this syndrome would become known as AIDS
AIDS
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus...
, a consequence of infection by Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Physician Joel Weisman
Joel Weisman
Joel D. Weisman was one of the first to identify a pattern of illnesses that was ultimately diagnosed as AIDS during his work as a general practitioner in the United States...
was one of Gottlieb's most important collaborators in the identification of AIDS. Weisman's practice treated a large number of gay men, some of whom were among the first identified AIDS patients.
Clinical practice
Gottlieb is certified with the American Board of Medical Specialties in Internal Medicine and Allergy & Immunology. He is affiliated with two hospitals, Cedars Sinai Medical Center which is ranked second out of 140 hospitals in the Los Angeles, CaliforniaLos Angeles, California
Los Angeles , with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in California, USA and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of , and is located in Southern California...
metropolitan area by US News & World Report and the Olympia Medical Center - San Vicente Blvd where he is Committee Chairman of Bio Ethicshttp://www.olympiamc.com/AboutUs/MedicalStaff/default.
Friction developed between the UCLA Medical Center, with their desires for revenue from cardiac and liver transplant programs, and the outspoken Gottlieb. Although he had published over 50 papers on various aspects of HIV infection and treatment, obtained one of the earliest National Institutes of Health grants for AIDS research and served on many AIDS-related boards, he still was denied tenure at UCLA and went into private practice in 1987. He was Rock Hudson
Rock Hudson
Roy Harold Scherer, Jr., later Roy Harold Fitzgerald , known professionally as Rock Hudson, was an American film and television actor, recognized as a romantic leading man during the 1950s and 1960s, most notably in several romantic comedies with Doris Day.Hudson was voted "Star of the Year",...
's physician when the movie star was diagnosed with AIDS during the 1980s.
Gottlieb and two private practice partners were reprimanded by the Medical Board of California
Medical Board of California
The Medical Board of California is a state government agency which licenses and disciplines physicians, surgeons and certain allied healthcare professions in California...
in 1989 for "allegedly over-prescribing controlled substances" to actress Elizabeth Taylor
Elizabeth Taylor
Dame Elizabeth Rosemond "Liz" Taylor, DBE was a British-American actress. From her early years as a child star with MGM, she became one of the great screen actresses of Hollywood's Golden Age...
.
Gottlieb received and responded to a warning letter in 2005 from the Food and Drug Administration
Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments...
regarding errors and inconsistencies in the testing of two investigational HIV-1 treatments.
AIDS research philanthropy
Gottlieb, along with Elizabeth Taylor and Mathilde KrimMathilde Krim
Mathilde Krim, Ph.D. is the founding chairman of amfAR, an association for AIDS research.-Biography:Krim received her Ph.D. from the University of Geneva, Switzerland, in 1953...
, were founding chairs of the American Foundation for AIDS Research.
Gottlieb is affiliated with the UCLA AIDS Institute and a trustee of the Global AIDS Interfaith Alliance.
Further reading
- And the Band Played OnAnd the Band Played OnAnd the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic is a nonfiction book written by San Francisco Chronicle journalist Randy Shilts, published in 1987...
, Randy ShiltsRandy ShiltsRandy Shilts was a pioneering gay American journalist and author. He worked as a freelance reporter for both The Advocate and the San Francisco Chronicle, as well as for San Francisco Bay Area television stations....
, 1987, ISBN 0312009941