Medial globus pallidus
Encyclopedia
The medial globus pallidus (or internal, GPi) is one of the output nuclei of the basal ganglia
(the other being the substantia nigra
pars reticulata
). The GABA
-containing neurons send their axons to specific nuclei of the dorsal thalamus
(VA and VL), to the centromedian complex and to the pedunculopontine complex.
The efferent bundle is constituted first of the ansa
and fasciculus lenticularis, then crosses the internal capsule
as the Edinger's comb system then arrives at the laterosuperior corner of the subthalamic nucleus
and constitutes the Forel's field H2, then H, and suddenly changes its direction to form H1 that goes to the inferior part of the thalamus. The distribution of axonal islands is widespread in the lateral region of the thalamus. The innervation of the central region is done by collaterals.
Basal ganglia
The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei of varied origin in the brains of vertebrates that act as a cohesive functional unit. They are situated at the base of the forebrain and are strongly connected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus and other brain areas...
(the other being the substantia nigra
Substantia nigra
The substantia nigra is a brain structure located in the mesencephalon that plays an important role in reward, addiction, and movement. Substantia nigra is Latin for "black substance", as parts of the substantia nigra appear darker than neighboring areas due to high levels of melanin in...
pars reticulata
Pars reticulata
-Anatomy:Neurons in the pars reticulata are much less densely packed than those in the pars compacta . They are smaller and thinner than the dopaminergic neurons and conversely identical and morphologically similar to the pallidal neurons...
). The GABA
Gabâ
Gabâ or gabaa, for the people in many parts of the Philippines), is the concept of a non-human and non-divine, imminent retribution. A sort of negative karma, it is generally seen as an evil effect on a person because of their wrongdoings or transgressions...
-containing neurons send their axons to specific nuclei of the dorsal thalamus
Thalamus
The thalamus is a midline paired symmetrical structure within the brains of vertebrates, including humans. It is situated between the cerebral cortex and midbrain, both in terms of location and neurological connections...
(VA and VL), to the centromedian complex and to the pedunculopontine complex.
The efferent bundle is constituted first of the ansa
Ansa
Ansa or ANSA can refer to any of the following:* Ansa, Queen of the Lombards, 8th century, wife of Desiderius, king of the Lombards*Ansa , genus of moth* Ansa or in Hinduism, a solar deity and one of the Adityas....
and fasciculus lenticularis, then crosses the internal capsule
Internal capsule
The internal capsule is an area of white matter in the brain that separates the caudate nucleus and the thalamus from the lenticular nucleus. The internal capsule contains both ascending and descending axons....
as the Edinger's comb system then arrives at the laterosuperior corner of the subthalamic nucleus
Subthalamic nucleus
The subthalamic nucleus is a small lens-shaped nucleus in the brain where it is, from a functional point of view, part of the basal ganglia system. Anatomically, it is the major part of subthalamus. As suggested by its name, the subthalamic nucleus is located ventral to the thalamus. It is also...
and constitutes the Forel's field H2, then H, and suddenly changes its direction to form H1 that goes to the inferior part of the thalamus. The distribution of axonal islands is widespread in the lateral region of the thalamus. The innervation of the central region is done by collaterals.