Marc Chirik
Encyclopedia
Marck Chirik. A major difference between the two parties was...
in 1919 but was excluded because he disagreed with the positions of the Communist International on the national question. He emigrated to France, where he joined the French Communist Party
French Communist Party
The French Communist Party is a political party in France which advocates the principles of communism.Although its electoral support has declined in recent decades, the PCF retains a large membership, behind only that of the Union for a Popular Movement , and considerable influence in French...
before being expelled at the same time as the members of the Left Opposition
Left Opposition
The Left Opposition was a faction within the Bolshevik Party from 1923 to 1927, headed de facto by Leon Trotsky. The Left Opposition formed as part of the power struggle within the party leadership that began with the Soviet founder Vladimir Lenin's illness and intensified with his death in January...
. He became a member first of the (Trotskyist) Ligue Communiste and then of Union Communiste, which he left in 1938 to join the Italian Fraction of the International Communist Left (ICL), since he agreed with the latter’s position on the Spanish civil war
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil WarAlso known as The Crusade among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War among Carlists, and The Rebellion or Uprising among Republicans. was a major conflict fought in Spain from 17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939...
against that of Union Communiste. During the war and the German occupation of France, the ICL’s International Bureau led by Vercesi considered that there was no purpose in the fractions’ continuing their work. He however pushed for the reconstitution of the Italian Fraction around a small nucleus in Marseilles. He joined the Fraction française de la gauche communiste internationale which had been formed in 1944 and was close to Amadeo Bordiga
Amadeo Bordiga
Amadeo Bordiga was an Italian Marxist, a contributor to Communist theory, the founder of the Communist Party of Italy, a leader of the Communist International and, after World War II, leading figure of the International Communist Party.- Early life :Bordiga was born at Resina, in the province of...
. However, he split with the Bordigist tendency in May 1945, when he opposed the decision of the Italian Fraction’s conference to dissolve the fraction, its militants joining the recently formed Partito Comunista Internazionalista
International Communist Party
The International Communist Party is a left communist international political party which is often described by outside observers as Bordigist, due to the contributions by longtime member Amadeo Bordiga...
as individuals and formed Gauche Communiste de France.
After Gauche Communiste de France dissolved in 1952 he left France for Venezuela
Venezuela
Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...
in anticipation of World War III. He stayed there until 1968, developing a small current of revolutionaries in a group called Internationalism (Venezuela)
Internationalism (Venezuela)
Internationalism is a left communist group in Venezuela.The party was founded in 1964 around Marc Chirik, a member of the Left Communists of France until the latter's dissolution in 1952. It published ten issues of its review Internacionalismo between 1964 and 1968...
, then returned to France, where he and some of his Venezuelan recruits launched Revolution Internationale (RI), the only French left communist group after 1968 that attempted to systematically build an organization in the shadow of the larger left communist groups.
In 1975 International Communist Current
International Communist Current
The International Communist Current is an international centralised left communist organisation which was formed in 1975 and which has sections in France, Great Britain, Mexico, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Venezuela, Brazil, Sweden, India, Italy, USA, Switzerland, Philippines and...
was founded by Revolution Internationale (France), World Revolution (UK)
World Revolution (UK)
World Revolution is a left communist organisation in Britain. It is a section of the International Communist Current .The group was founded in the mid-1970s by former supporters of Solidarity. In 1975, they merged with the ICC, adopting the "World Revolution" name. The following year, a minority...
, Internationalism
Internationalism (politics)
Internationalism is a political movement which advocates a greater economic and political cooperation among nations for the theoretical benefit of all...
(USA), Rivoluzione Internazionale (Italy), Internationalism (Venezuela)
Internationalism (Venezuela)
Internationalism is a left communist group in Venezuela.The party was founded in 1964 around Marc Chirik, a member of the Left Communists of France until the latter's dissolution in 1952. It published ten issues of its review Internacionalismo between 1964 and 1968...
and Accion Proletaria (Spain). Chirik had been a leading member of two of these groups and he became a very important militant of the ICC until his death in 1990.
Marc Chiric is one of the main characters of the famous novel by Jean Malaquis called World Without Visa which takes in place in Marseilles during the Second World War.