Luke & co
Encyclopedia
Luke & co was a boatbuilding firm, established in 1829 in Limehouse
Limehouse
Limehouse is a place in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is on the northern bank of the River Thames opposite Rotherhithe and between Ratcliff to the west and Millwall to the east....

 near London. They moved to Oakbank at Itchen Ferry
Itchen Ferry village
Itchen Ferry village was a small hamlet on the East bank of the River Itchen in Hampshire. The village took its name from the small fishing boats that were also used to ferry foot passengers across the river...

 in 1868 and in the late 1880s settled at Hamble
Hamble-le-Rice
Hamble-le-Rice is a village in the Borough of Eastleigh in Hampshire, UK. It is best known for being an aircraft training centre during the Second World War and is a popular yachting location...

. At Hamble they became successful in designing and building many yachts of all seizes, as well as offering all kinds of services to the then fast increasing number of yachts either visiting or having their berth at the river. The river Hamble
River Hamble
The River Hamble is a river in Hampshire, England. It rises near Bishop's Waltham and flows for some 7.5 miles through Botley, Bursledon and Swanwick before entering Southampton Water near Hamble-le-Rice and Warsash....

 was a popular place to "lay up" yachts for the winter.

Early days

There are at least three members of the Luke family known as boatbuilders: W. S. (Walter Smith) Luke (1844–1904), and his sons Walter G. Luke (born 1868) and Albert R. Luke (born 1875). The name of the yard changed over the years from "W. S. Luke" to "W. G. Luke & co" (1895), later to become "Hamble River Luke & Co. Ltd.", and finally "Luke Bros".

When W. S. Luke died in March 1904, his sons took over the yard: Albert ("Bert") as designer, and Walter managing the boatyard.

In their early days they built Itchen Ferrys, Fishing Smacks
Smack (ship)
A smack was a traditional fishing boat used off the coast of England and the Atlantic coast of America for most of the 19th century, and even in small numbers up to the Second World War. It was originally a cutter rigged sailing boat until about 1865, when the smacks became so large that cutter...

, Pilot boat
Pilot boat
A Pilot Boat is a type of boat used to transport pilots between land and the inbound or outbound ships that they are piloting.-History:The origins of the word pilot probably disseminates from the Latin word pilota, a variation of pedota, the plural of pēdón which translates as oar...

s and other sorts of working boats, like a 75-foot Lifeship to a design by Capt. Hans Busk in 1873. But there were also yachts built, at least as early as the 1870s. In the late 1880s the yard moved from the river Itchen
River Itchen
The River Itchen may refer to:*The River Itchen, Hampshire, in Hampshire, England*The River Itchen, Warwickshire, in Warwickshire, England...

 to the village of Hamble at the river of the same name, near Southampton. According to an advertisement in an 1891 edition of The Yachtsman they had "Yachts for sale or hire, Spars, blocks, Anchors, and Galvanised Ironwork either kept in stock or made on the premises, all sorts of chandlery, mudberths", etc. At first at Hamble point but soon after they were based at Back Street (now Rope Walk) with building sheds, slipways and yacht stores. Hamble Point became their winter slips.
Luke mainly built boats to their own design, but they also built boats to the designs of Arthur Payne, F. R. S. Bircham, L. G. Moore, F. Shepherd, Albert Strange, St. C. Byrne, J. I. Thornycroft, H. Emmons, H. W. Ridsdale and John G. Alden
John Alden (naval architect)
John Gale Alden was an American naval architect and founder of Alden Designs, a prominent yacht design company. Alden who grew up in Rhode Island was inspired by the local fisherman and regattas and when his family moved to Dorchester, Massachusetts in 1900 the docked Grand Banks fishing schooners...

.
They also designed ships that were built by others such as William Fife
William Fife
William Fife III OBE , also known as Wm. Fife, Jr., was the third generation of a family of Scottish yacht designers and builders....

, A. Westmacott, Camper & Nicholson, A. Apps, Randal Vogan, Everett and Lt.Col. G. P. Stewart.

French impressionist painter and amateur yacht designer Gustave Caillebotte
Gustave Caillebotte
Gustave Caillebotte was a French painter, member and patron of the group of artists known as Impressionists, though he painted in a much more realistic manner than many other artists in the group...

 writes in November 1882 and May 1883 in the French magazine Le Yacht about his disappointment in the yacht Diver, which he imported from England. She was a Luke-built yacht of extreme "plank on edge" design. Diver was two tons Thames Measurement, 6.71 metres waterline length and 1.42 metres wide. Plank on edge designs were fashionable at that time in England under the then-current Rating Rules but were generally considered "crank" soon after.

Quaker Girl, an early International Rule 7 meter yacht from 1911, became a successful racing yacht and won A. R. Luke a design award.

In 1913 they built the "Hamble One Design" to their own design for local racing.

Aviation

Hamble became an aviation centre at around 1910 and Luke also built a prototype Seaplane to the design of F. Murphy, the HL1
Hamble River H.L.1 Seaplane
-Bibliography:* Ray Sturtivant and Gordon Page Royal Navy Aircraft Serials and Units 1911-1919 Air-Britain, 1992. ISBN 0 85130 191 6...

, as "Hamble River, Luke & Co." It was exhibited at Olympia’s in march 1914 but was not a success. At the start of WWI they started building aircraft components.
The hydrobiplane is described by several authors:

HAMBLE hydrobiplane HL.l (Hamble River, Luke & Co., Hamble, Hampshire)

Constructed by an established boat building company, to the design of Frank Murphy, late of Bristol, the machine was shown incomplete at Olympia in March 1914. Changes were made later and the machine was tested by Gordon England, but costs were excessive, and the machine and the premises were put up for sale by July 1914.
The aircraft was a large two-seater pusher seaplane with twin wooden main floats and twin metal tail floats, moving with the rudders. There were four pairs of interplane struts each side, with radiators mounted on the innermost pairs. Ailerons were fitted to both top and bottom wings, the latter having pronounced dihedral.
The spruce tail booms, to be replaced by steel tubes later, extended aft from the second interplane struts. The tailplane and elevator were carried on the top booms, the pair of rudders pivoting on posts below. The pointed nose nacelle, was covered with two layers of cedar, laid up diagonally over the structure, and was mounted on short struts between the wings. The main floats were of similar construction, but rendered watertight, and were mounted on a steel tube chassis, intended to be sprung later.

Power: 150hp NAG (British-made) six-cylinder inline, water-cooled driving a Normale pusher propeller direct.
Data:
Span top 60ft
Span bottom 53ft
Chord 6ft
Gap 6ft
Length 30ft
Area 678 sq ft
Area tailplane 39 sq ft
Area elevator 33 sq ft
Area rudders 32 sq ft
Weight 1,3001b
Weight allup 2,550 lb
Speed range 32-65mph
Endurance 5hr


Hamble River, Luke H.L.1

The H.L.1 was built by Hamble River, Luke and Co., of Hamble, Hants., and was shown in an unfinished state at the 1914 Olympia Aero Show. It was a two-seat pusher seaplane designed by F. Murphy, who had worked previously as a designer with the British and Colonial Aeroplane Co., at Bristol. The machine featured a finely-finished cigar-shaped nacelle, at the rear of which was mounted a 150 h.p. N.A.G. six-cylinder German-designed and British-built engine, the radiators being fitted to the inter-plane struts on each side of the nacelle. The construction was of wood and fabric, and the wings were equipped with ailerons. The float structure was redesigned while the H.L.1 was being completed, and the machine was test-flown by E. C. Gordon England. Span. 60 ft. Wing area, 678 sq. ft. Weight empty, 1,600 lb. Weight loaded, 2.550 lb. Maximum speed. 65 m.p.h. Landing speed, 32 mph.


Flight, March 14, 1914.

WHAT THERE WILL BE TO SEE AT OLYMPIA.

THE EXHIBITS.

Hamble River (Hamble River, Luke and Co.). (68.)

ON the stand of the Hamble River, Luke and Co. will be shown a seaplane which, whilst following standard lines as regards its general arrangement, is interesting from the point of view of construction. The nacelle, as will be seen from the accompanying sketch, is of cigar shape, and carries at its rear end a 150 h.p. N.A.G. engine. The main floats, of which there are two, are of rather novel design, and incorporate in their construction several new and interesting features. For the design of this machine, we understand Mr. F. Murphy, formerly connected with the British and Colonial Aeroplane Co., is responsible, and, although this machine has not as yet been tried, there is little doubt but that it will give a good account of itself in the future, and thus become a valuable addition to the list of British seaplanes.

Flight, March 28, 1914.

THE OLYMPIA EXHIBITION.

THE EXHIBITS.

HAMBLE RIVER (HAMBLE RIVER, LUKE AND CO.).

UNFORTUNATELY the seaplane exhibited on this stand was not completely finished at the opening of the Show, and the temporary wiring up of the machine was hurriedly done, so that it is to be feared that a great number of the visitors received an unfavourable impression of the quality of workmanship in it. This is much to be regretted since it is the first time the machine has been shown in public and the workmanship is really very good. When one or two minor alterations have been effected and the machine has been properly tuned up, there is little doubt but that it will give a good account of itself.

In its general arrangement, the seaplane follows standard practice, being a biplane of the "pusher" type and having two main floats and two tail floats. The upper main plane is straight whilst the lower plane is set at a very pronounced dihedral angle in order to provide ample clearance when the machine is rolling.
The two main floats are built up of two skins of cedar, the inner one of which is laid on diagonally over a framework of spruce and rock elm. The floats are divided into watertight compartments by double bulkheads, and a layer of canvas, soaked in varnish, is placed between the two skins. All the chassis struts carrying the floats are steel tubes, and it is intended, we understand, to provide springing of the floats by means of telescopic tubes and coil springs.

The cigar-shaped nacelle is of similar construction to that of the floats, and provides accommodation for the pilot and passengers. The seats are arranged tandem fashion, and the pilot controls the machine by means of a single vertical lever and a pivoted foot-bar. In the rear of the nacelle is mounted the engine, a 150 h.p. British N.A.G., which drives directly a Normale propeller.

The tail unit is carried on an outrigger consisting of four tail booms of spruce connected by struts of the same
material. These booms, one gathers, will later be replaced by steel tubes in order to provide a more rigid structure. The undivided elevator is hinged to the trailing edge of a fixed, non-lifting, stabilising plane, under the ends of which are mounted the twin rudders. Two small metal floats support the tail planes when the machine is at rest.

After WWI

Right after the war they concentrated on yacht building again. They had moved a bit up river, just north of where the present Royal Southern Yacht Club opened their premises in 1937. It expanded to Satchell Lane and was known as "Top Yard" or "North Yard", which is now Hamble Yacht Services.

In 1925 Luke & Co. designed and built the "Hamble Star one design" sailing dinghy which became a popular racing dinghy with the local Hamble River Sailing Club. Albert Luke became the first Honorary Secretary of this club, established right after the war. Walter later became the Honorary Treasurer and Flag Officer.

In 1923 French war hero and Tennis Champion Alain Gerbault
Alain Gerbault
Alain J. Gerbault was a French aviator and tennis champion, who made a circumnavigation of the world as a single-handed sailor. He eventually settled in the islands of south Pacific Ocean, where he wrote several books about the islanders' way of life.- Early life :Alain Gerbault was born on...

 wanted to buy the Luke-built Lady Maud (1907) from her then owner "Captain Dixon", but the owner would not sell. Gerbault thereupon arranged to buy the Dixon Kemp
Dixon Kemp
Dixon Kemp , a British naval architect, was a founder of the Yacht Racing Association and at one time its secretary. He was a founder of Lloyd's Register of Yachts....

 designed Firecrest(1892) and started his famous voyage sailing solo around the globe.

In 1935 Luke designed and built the "Teal One Design", a five tonner of which several boats were built by several yards. Teal won the Round the Isle (Cowes) race in 1935 and 1936 and was featured in Uffa Fox
Uffa Fox
Uffa Fox CBE was an English boat designer and sailing enthusiast.-Life:Uffa Fox was born on the Isle of Wight and was raised in East Cowes. He lived for a while in Puckaster on the Isle of Wight.-Work:...

's book Racing, Cruising and Design. He said of the Teal design "Teal was a delight to the eye, as one would expect, for she was designed by Luke, of Hamble. She proved herself to be such an able boat, both as a racer and as a day cruiser that more were built the following year."

WWII

During WWII, Luke & Co., then already known as Luke Bros., built L.C.A.s (Landing Craft Assault
Landing Craft Assault
The Landing Craft Assault was a British landing craft used extensively in World War II. Its primary purpose was to ferry troops from transport ships to attack enemy-held shores. The craft derived from a prototype designed by John I. Thornycroft Ltd. During the war it was manufactured throughout...

) and the smaller L.C.P.s (Landing Craft Personnel) to the design of John Thornycroft & Co. Ltd. They were designed to carry troops only, and were used, among others, at D-Day.

Lukes were taken over by Port Hamble Ltd. at the end of WWII. Bill Hobbs, who came to the yard as an apprentice in 1923 and who had been working there as draftsman and designer since the late twenties then designed the "Luke 5 tonners" for Port Hamble Ltd.

Literature

  • Luke's yard occasionally played a role in the novels of author Neville Shute.

  • Henry Fienness Speed mentions his visit to the yard of "W. S. Luke" when still at Itchen Ferry in his book Cruises in Small Yachts and Big Canoes of 1883, page 200.

  • Francis B. Cooke shows, among others, some design studies of A. R. Luke in the third edition of his book Cruising Hints of 1907, page 33 - 36.

  • The Yachtsman's Annual and who's who 1938-9 of 1938 contains line drawings, including a description of A. R. Luke's design Allure, page 119. She was the last one built of three sister ships. The others were Themis, yawl, built in 1930 and Shiris, yawl, 1937 with shallower draft to navigate the French canals.

Selection of boats

Boats designed and/or built before 1940, showing tonnage (Thames measurement), year built, and designer (when known). Boats known to still exist as of 2011 are marked with a '*'.

Name Tons Year Built Designer Notes
Active 36 1883 W. G. Luke
Advent 52 1877 W. S. Luke
Alethea II 8 1910 A. R. Luke
Alethea III 9 1935 A. R. Luke
Alice 2 A. R. Luke
Allure 24 1938 A. R. Luke
Ann 2 1913 A. R. Luke
Annacis 2 1913 A. R. Luke
Apteryx 16 *
Banshee 14 1891 W. G. Luke (later Riviera)
Banshee 11 1900 W. G. Luke
Bessie 77 1874 W. S. Luke
Biddy 2 1913 A. R. Luke (later Jesse) Hamble One Design
Cabri 35
Cacouna 50 1923 John G. Alden
Chipmunk 6 1880 W. S. Luke
Chita 22
Ciris 9 1906 A. R. Luke *
Clover 42 1938 A. R. Luke
Content 5 A. R. Luke Teal one design
Cormorant 5 1911 A. R. Luke * (later Sparrow, Sunbeam)
Curlew 24 1910 A. R. Luke & F. R. S. Bircham
Cynthia 4
Daisy 32 1887 W. S. Luke
Dancing Girl 1891 H. W. Ridsdale 0/5 rater
Daphne 9 1882 W. S. Luke 25 ft. wl racer
Dimples 7 1903 A. R. Luke (later Mooween) (from 1904)
Din Niklé 2
Diver 2 Seine Racer
Dot 2 1913 A. R. Luke
Ecila 2 1913 A. R. Luke
Edna 2
Estelle 10 1910 A. R. Luke *
Eve 4 1903 W. G. Luke built by W. Fife
Fantasy 1893 R. Vogan 1 rater
Fearnought 9 1897 W. G. Luke built by A. Westmacott, according Lloyds Yacht register. Yachting World of 1896 mention Arthur Payne her designer, built by Luke
Figaro* 2 1913 A. R. Luke Repaired in 1980s
Flying Scud 2
Frolic 4
Galene 5 1937 A. R. Luke * Teal one design
Gay Maid
Gladys 10
Gladoris II 49 1928 A. R. Luke *
Grant Duchess 63 1898 A. R. Luke & L. G. Moore (later Rosalind) (1912), Emy
Grouper 17 1903 A. R. Luke
Grouper II 9 A. R. Luke
Hawk 23 1901 A. R. Luke built by A. Apps, Emsworth
Helaflote 21 1913 A. R. Luke
Helaflote 2 1913 A. R. Luke both Helaflote's for same owner
Hope 9 1932 A. R. Luke
Horla 47
Hurricane Wake 6 1939 F. Shepherd
Imogen II 6 1911 Albert Strange *
Itchen Lass 1879 W. G. Luke 25 ft. wl racer, broken up 1893
Itchen Lass 7 1911 W. G. Luke
Iris 28 1879 W. S. Luke Pilot
Iris 1892 W. S. Luke Racer for Seine, Paris
Jeanette 7 1911 or 1907 A. R. Luke built by Everett
Jesse 1879 W. S. Luke
Ju-Ju 2 1913 A. R. Luke * (later Doddy, Florence) Hamble One Design
June 29 1912 A. R. Luke
Kaffir 9
Kali 2 1913 A. R. Luke
Kea 4 1897 A. R. Luke
Kelpie 2 1914 A. R. Luke built by Lt.-Col. G. P. Stewart
Kitcat 2 1913 A. R. Luke
Lady Maud 10 1907 A. R. Luke *
Lady Ruth 1893 W. S. Luke
Laverock 59 1875 W. S. Luke (former Nixie, VixenII) altered 1878
Lila 8 A. R. Luke
Lily 25 1904 A. R. Luke *
Lily Maid II 14 1911 A. R. Luke *
Lily Maid III 17 1925 A. R. Luke
Loiterer 23 A. R. Luke
Lorna Doone 3
Lucia 49 1928 John G. Alden
maid 14 1911 A R. Luke (Ex Lilly maid ?)
Manon 9 A. R. Luke
Maresca 11 1906 A. R. Luke
Maritana 25 1883 W. S. Luke
May 11 1875 W. S. Luke
May 14
Mayfair 57 1914 A. R. Luke
Merrie Duchess 35 1884 W. S. Luke
Midge 18 (later Nathalie)
Milly 31 1879 St. C. Byrne (later Starlight)
Minnie 11 1893 W. S. Luke *
Minx 2 1913 A. R. Luke
Moonfleet 1928 Charles E. Nicholson
Moth 4 1906 A. R. Luke (later Whimbrel, Pansy)
Moth II 5 1912 Albert Strange
Nat 7
Nephele 8 1908, 1912 A. R. Luke
Nigger 5
Nona 3 1887 or 1897? W. G. Luke
Nyleptha 4 1904 A. R. Luke
œnanthe 29 1883
Ondina 9 1906 A. R. Luke *
Othona 27
Outis 6 1914 A. R. Luke * (later Shona)
Paulina 9 1904 A. R. Luke
Pampa III 50 1914 A. R. Luke * (later Doris, Grey Mist, Cupid, Glala) Lloyds 1914 states built 1914, later editions state 1915. Completed 1920
Pavonia 20 A. R. Luke
Penguin 21 1913 A. R. Luke
Phakoe 5 1937 A. R. Luke * Teal One Design
Pixie 3 1890 W. G. Luke *
Presiosa before 1892 Seine racer, Paris
Pride of the Itchen 1870 13 feet fishingboat for capt. Diaper, W S Luke;
Puffin 21 1913 A. R. Luke
Quaker Girl 9 1911 A. R. Luke int. 7M
Quinque 1890 Col. Bucknill 5 rater
Ranee 5 1931 A. R. Luke
Raven 11 1881 W. S. Luke 30 ft. wl racer
Rita 3 A. R. Luke
Robert and Sarah 39 1876 W. S. Luke commercial vessel
Rogue 4 1892 H. W. Ridsdale 1 rater
Rondinella II 4 1897 H. Emmons
Rosette 1891
Rosie 2
Rowena 4 1904 A. R. Luke
Runa 10 1913 A. R. Luke
St. Hilda 44
Shiris 22 1937 A. R. Luke *
Silver heels 8 1912 J. I. Thornycroft (later Takista)
Siska 6 1929 A. R. Luke
Sparrow 3 1899 Luke
Spray 5 1877 design unknown
Starlight 31 1879 W. S. Luke
St Hilda 96 1875 W. S. Luke
Syringa 5 1906 A. R. Luke
tadpole 3 1896 W. S. Luke
Talofa 5 1906 A. R. Luke design nr. 130;
Tasma 8 1897 W. G. Luke *
Teal 5 1935 A. R. Luke Teal One Design
Tee Jay 8 1933 A. R. Luke
Tiphaine 9 1939 A. R. Luke
Themis 22 1930 A. R. Luke
Thora 5 1937 A. R. Luke (later Galene)
Tiger 5 1937 A. R. Luke (later Lalaerne)
Tiny 1891 H. W. Ridsdale (0/5 rater);
Triple Alliance 10 1935 A. R. Luke
Ulerin 10 W. S. Luke
Umjata 3 1911 A. R. Luke
Valentine 20 1902 A. R. Luke
Vega 25
Veronique 33 1907 A. R. Luke *
Wastrel 11 1891 W. S. Luke
Water Lily 8 1904 A. R. Luke * (later Windhover)
Wayward 15 1897 W. G. Luke (Payne according to Hunts)
Weemelah 9 1937 A. R. Luke
Ytene 24 1910 A. R. Luke & F. R. S. Bircham

External links

  • Alain Gerbault
    Alain Gerbault
    Alain J. Gerbault was a French aviator and tennis champion, who made a circumnavigation of the world as a single-handed sailor. He eventually settled in the islands of south Pacific Ocean, where he wrote several books about the islanders' way of life.- Early life :Alain Gerbault was born on...

  • Flight magazine archives
  • Nevil Shute
    Nevil Shute
    Nevil Shute Norway was a popular British-Australian novelist and a successful aeronautical engineer. He used his full name in his engineering career, and 'Nevil Shute' as his pen name, in order to protect his engineering career from any potential negative publicity in connection with his novels.-...

  • Hamble local history
  • Hamble-le-Rice
    Hamble-le-Rice
    Hamble-le-Rice is a village in the Borough of Eastleigh in Hampshire, UK. It is best known for being an aircraft training centre during the Second World War and is a popular yachting location...

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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